第四講定語從句

第一課時(shí)知識(shí)過關(guān)課李仕才1/341．在限制性定語從句中which，who，whom常可用that代替。關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)常被省略。2．在非限制性定語從句中，或者當(dāng)先行詞是指人those，anyone，everyone，people，he，all，few，one(s)等時(shí)，不能用that引導(dǎo)。3．以下情況下普通用that：(1)當(dāng)先行詞是指物all，little，few，much，any，anything，everything，nothing，none，theone時(shí)，或先行詞被all，little，few，much，any，every，no等修飾時(shí)。(2)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，或者先行詞被序數(shù)詞(包含last，next)、形容詞最高級(jí)及theonly，thevery等修飾時(shí)。(3)先行詞包含人和物時(shí)。2/344．當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因(且只能是reason)等，且這些先行詞在定語從句中作狀語時(shí)，就分別用when、where、why來引導(dǎo)定語從句。另外，when，where，why普通可用“介詞＋which”替換，其中reason后why通慣用forwhich替換。[注意]

當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因詞語時(shí)，不一定填關(guān)系副詞when，where，why，只有當(dāng)這些詞在定語從句中作狀語時(shí)，才用關(guān)系副詞，不然要用關(guān)系代詞。3/345．當(dāng)先行詞是整個(gè)主句或主句一部分時(shí)，這類非限制性定語從句只能由which或as來引導(dǎo)。二者區(qū)分在于：(1)which引導(dǎo)定語從句只能位于主句后，而as引導(dǎo)定語從句可位于主句前、中、后。(2)which常譯作“這”；而as常譯作“正如”，且多與see，expect，imagine，know，hope等動(dòng)詞連用。(3)在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，若用as，其謂語部分普通有be；若謂語是不含be行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要用which。(4)as引導(dǎo)定語從句只表示一個(gè)眾所周知或意料之中事，而which不受此限制。(5)as慣用于固定搭配中：asisoftenthecase(這是常有事)；asweexpected(不出所料)；asoftenhappens(正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生那樣)；asisknowntoall(眾所周知)；ashasbeensaidbefore(如上所述)；asismentionedabove(正如上面所提到)等等。4/34讀語篇，悟語法。重復(fù)朗誦以下短文，領(lǐng)悟畫線和黑體部分。思索：引導(dǎo)定語從句關(guān)系詞是怎樣確定。Itwasthesummerof,when[1]IcametoGuangningNo.1SeniorHighSchool.Ourschoolisawonderfulplace,where[2]Icanseealotofbeautifulbuildingsandalargesquare.Ourclassroom,the

roof

of

which[3]lookslikearocketinthedistance,islocatedinthecenterofourschool.Themainreasonwhy[4]IlikeourschoolisthatIcanmakemanyfriends.Icangetalongwithmyclassmateshere,two

of

whom[5]aremybestfriends.Jack，who[6]comesfromTanbuJuniorHighSchool,isveryactive.Helikesvarious__sports，5/34among

which[7]helikesrunningverymuch.Hewillrun5kilometerseveryday，which[8]makeshimlookstrong.Nick，whose[9]fatherisateacherinLianheJuniorHighSchool,studiesveryhard.Weoftentalkaboutthepeopleandthethings

that[10]weseeinourschool.Nickprefersthefood

that[11]ismadeinourcanteen.Theteacher

whom[12]helikesisMr.Zhang,ourmathteacher,whilemybelovedteacherismyEnglishteacher,MissChen.Tobehonest,Igraduallyfallinlovewithourschool.6/341．先行詞是thesummerof，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，用關(guān)系副詞when(＝inwhich，duringwhich)引導(dǎo)定語從句。2．先行詞是awonderfulplace，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，用關(guān)系副詞where(＝atwhich)引導(dǎo)定語從句。3．先行詞是Ourclassroom，直接在介詞of后作其賓語，先行詞是物時(shí)，只能用which。theroofofwhich中of表所屬關(guān)系，意為“我們教室屋頂”。4．先行詞是themainreason，在定語從句中作原因狀語，只能用why引導(dǎo)。5．先行詞是myclassmates，直接在介詞of后作其賓語，先行詞是人時(shí)，只能用whom。twoofwhom中of表示部分與整體關(guān)系，意為“我同班同學(xué)中兩個(gè)人”。7/346．先行詞是Jack，在定語從句中作主語，用who引導(dǎo)。7．先行詞是varioussports，直接在介詞among后作賓語，只能用which。8．先行詞是Hewillrun5kilometerseveryday整個(gè)句子，并在從句中作主語，用which引導(dǎo)。9．先行詞是Nick，在定語從句中作定語，表示Nick’s，用whose引導(dǎo)。10．先行詞是thepeopleandthethings，既包含人又包含事物，通常只用that引導(dǎo)。11．先行詞是thefood，在定語從句中作主語，故用that或which引導(dǎo)。12．先行詞是theteacher，在定語從句中作likes賓語，故用whom引導(dǎo)。8/34Ⅰ.單句填空(用適當(dāng)關(guān)系詞填空)1．Isthisthereason________heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?2．Isthisthereason________hewassocarelessinhiswork?3．Thereason________hedidn’tcomewas________hewasill.4．Helivesinavillage________isnotfarfromthecity.5．Helivesinthevillage________hewasborn.thatwhywhythatwhichwhere9/346．Acompany________profitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.7．Inanhour,wetraveltoplaces________wecanrelaxandgetrefreshed.8．Theplace________interestedmemostwastheChildren’sPalace.9．Theplace________hehadagoodtimelastSundaywastheChildren’sPalace.10．I’llneverforgetthedays________westudiedtogether.whosewherewhichwherewhen10/34Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(以下每句中有一處錯(cuò)誤，每處包括一個(gè)單詞增加、刪除或修改，請(qǐng)指出并更正。)1．Therewasatimethathedidn’tgetalongwellwithhisclassmates.____________2．Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges,allofwhoagreedthatitwasthebestofthisyear.____________3．TheearthquakewasfeltinBeijing,thatismorethantwohundredkilometresaway.____________4．Thisisthebestmethodwhichhasbeenusedagainstpollution.____________5．Theschoolshop,whichcustomersaremainlystudents，isclosedfortheholidays.____________that→whenwho→whomthat→whichwhich→thatwhich→whose11/346．Whichisreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.____________7．TheGreatWallwasbuiltinatimethatcountrieswereatwar.____________8．Shetoldhermothershewouldnotmarryanyonethatshedidn’tlove.____________9．TheschoolwhichIstudiedwas3kilometersawayfrommyhome.________________________________10．Thereasonwhyhegavefornotcomingwasthathismotherdidn’tallowhimto.________________Which→Asthat→whenthat→whomwhich→where/在which前加上atwhy→which/that12/34Ⅲ.語篇填空(在下面空格處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)連接詞，使結(jié)構(gòu)完整，語意通順。)Therewasatime1.________IwastiredoflearningEnglishanddislikedspeakingEnglish.Andthisisthereason2.________myfatherforcedmetojoinina30-daytraininginanEnglishclubbeforeIwenttoseniorhighschool.WhenIfirstcametotheclub，3.________Imetmanystrangers,Imissedmyparentsverymuch.SoIpackedupmythingsandwantedtogohome.Fortunately,myguide，4.________teacherwasLiYang，communicatedwithmefacetoface,from5.________Igainedsomeusefulinstructions.Healsoshowedmeagoodpartner,andwegotalongwellwitheachother.GraduallyIadaptedtothelifethere.EverydayIwouldliketotalktootherteenagersandsetdownaseriesof13/34activities6.________wedid.Myfatherandtheguide7.________encouragedmetofallinlovewithEnglishshouldbeappreciated.NowIfeelitinterestingtolearnEnglish,into8.________Iputmyentireenergy.EverydayIwillreadmywordsandpassagesaloud.InclassIwilljoininEnglishdiscussions.BeforeIgotosleep,Iwillrecallmypassages,through9.________Icanmemorizealargenumberofnewwords.10.________ourEnglishteachersays，“AslongasweformthehabitoflearningEnglisheverydayandhaveperseverance,wewillconquerEnglishsoonerorlater.”14/34【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文講述了作者參加一次英語學(xué)習(xí)培訓(xùn)經(jīng)歷以及這次經(jīng)歷帶給他對(duì)英語學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變。1．when

[先行詞是時(shí)間，并在從句中充當(dāng)初間狀語。]2．why

[先行詞reason表示原因，并在從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語。]3．where

[引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)定語從句，先行詞club是一個(gè)地點(diǎn)。]4．whose

[引導(dǎo)定語從句，而且在定語從句中作定語，意思是“他老師是李陽”。]5．whom

[依據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和前面from可知填whom。]15/346．that/which

[依據(jù)先行詞activities表示事情且在從句中作賓語，可知填that/which。]7．who/that

[從先行詞和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，who/that作主語。]8．which

[依據(jù)前面介詞into以及先行詞English可知，填which。]9．which

[依據(jù)前面介詞through可知填which，which在這里是指代前面整個(gè)句子。]10．As

[引導(dǎo)定語從句，意思是“正如”。]16/34第二課時(shí)高考研究課定語從句在語法填空中考查點(diǎn)規(guī)律方法?找：就是先把句子分為主句和從句兩部分，再找出先行詞和關(guān)系詞。?還：依據(jù)先行詞提醒意思，把定語從句還原為完整一句話。(能夠添詞)?替換：用關(guān)系詞替換定語從句中還原后添加部分，作主語和賓語用關(guān)系代詞，作狀語用關(guān)系副詞。(時(shí)間狀語用when，地點(diǎn)狀語用where，原因狀語用why。同初中時(shí)做“對(duì)畫線部分提問”相同，該用what時(shí)候用which/that即可)17/34比如：①Thisistheschool________Ioncestudied.②Thisistheschool________isthemostfamousinthecity.③Iamstudyingataschool________myfatherteachesEnglish.找：(略)還原：依據(jù)先行詞提醒，這三句話定語從句還原成完整一句話后分別為：①Ioncestudiedattheschool.②Theschoolisthemostfamousinthecity.③MyfatherteachesEnglishattheschool.黑體部分為依據(jù)先行詞意思把關(guān)系詞還原后部分。18/34替換：依據(jù)“對(duì)畫線部分提問”規(guī)則，①和③用where，②本該用what，在定語從句中該用what要換為which/that。所以，答案為：①where；②that/which；③where。19/341．Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth，________isnotgoodforthehealth.(·全國卷Ⅰ)2.ButSarah，________hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(·全國卷Ⅲ)真題驗(yàn)證1which

[which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，which在從句中作主語，指代前面主句內(nèi)容。]who

[依據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是Sarah，在從句中作主語，故關(guān)系代詞用who。]20/343．Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygotsweptintoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden，________itremaineduntilthecarrot’sleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生長(zhǎng))throughit.(·浙江卷)4.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius，________livedfromroughly551to479BC.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.(·全國卷Ⅲ)where

[依據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非限制性定語從句，先行詞為thegarden，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故要用關(guān)系副詞where。]who

[句中先行詞為thegreatChinesescholarConfucius，定語從句中缺乏主語，故填who。]21/345．ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s，________IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.(·全國卷Ⅰ)6．I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver________arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.(·全國卷Ⅰ)when

[句中先行詞為themid－1980s，定語從句中缺乏時(shí)間狀語，故填when。]that/which

[句中先行詞為thelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver，定語從句中缺乏主語，故填which/that。]22/347．Whenharvestcamearound,hewasalreadysellingherbs,vegetablesandcottoninthemarket________peoplefromthetownsmetregularly.(·廣東卷)8．Manyyoungpeople,mostof________werewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.(·江蘇卷改編)9．Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon________schooleducationdepends.(·安徽卷改編)where

[句中先行詞為themarket，定語從句中缺乏地點(diǎn)狀語，故填where。]whom

[句中先行詞為manyyoungpeople，定語從句中缺乏主語，且所填關(guān)系詞為介詞of賓語，故填whom。]which

[句中先行詞為thefundamentalskill，定語從句中缺乏賓語，且所填關(guān)系詞為介詞on賓語，故填which。]23/34第一步：判斷是否為定語從句，what不引導(dǎo)定語從句是常考點(diǎn)；第二步：判斷是何種定語從句，that不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句是常考點(diǎn)；第三步：分析關(guān)系詞在定語從句中所作成份，關(guān)系詞混用是常考點(diǎn)。規(guī)律方法定語從句在短文改錯(cuò)中考查點(diǎn)24/341．Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.(·全國卷Ⅱ)____________2．ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMom’sfavorite.(·四川卷)____________3．Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner，thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.(全國卷Ⅱ)____________真題驗(yàn)證2that→which

[關(guān)系詞混用。that不能夠引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，故改為which。]what→that/which，或者去掉what

[首先判斷dishes后面從句為定語從句，what不引導(dǎo)定語從句；其次定語從句中缺乏賓語。]that→which

[關(guān)系詞混用。that不能夠引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，故改為which。]25/34第三課時(shí)寫作增分課定語從句在寫作中增分點(diǎn)一、用as作關(guān)系代詞寫句子1．起初，我認(rèn)為李老師有點(diǎn)怪，因?yàn)樗偸菃栆恍]人能回答問題。(kindofodd,suchquestionsas)_____________________________________________________________________________________________2．他不是一個(gè)把今天能做事拖到明天做人。(suchaman,putoff...tilltomorrow)________________________________________________________Atfirst,IthoughtMr.Liwaskindofodd,becausehewasalwaysaskingsuchquestionsasnoonecouldanswer.Heisn’tsuchamanasputsoffwhathecandotodaytilltomorrow.26/343．我們應(yīng)該讀一些使我們明智書。(suchbooksas,wiser)________________________________________4．在我生日那天，我收到了像母親承諾那樣好一件禮品。(receiveasgoodagift)____________________________________________________________Weshouldreadsuchbooksasmakeuswiser.Onmybirthday,Ireceivedasgoodagiftasmymotherhadpromised.27/34二、用as,which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句寫句子1．我發(fā)覺一個(gè)老人躺在馬路上，我乘出租車馬上把他送到了醫(yī)院，這就是那天早晨我遲到原因。(findsomebodydoing,take...to)_________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．正如一句諺語所說，“AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.”假如沒有一個(gè)強(qiáng)壯身體，一個(gè)人會(huì)一事無成。(saying,asoundbody,achieve)________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________IfoundanoldmanlyingonthegroundandItookhimtohospitalinataxiimmediately,whichwaswhyIwaslatethatmorning.Asasayinggoes,“AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.”Withoutasoundbody,onecannotachieveanything.28/343．正如圖表所顯示那樣，這個(gè)城市空氣質(zhì)量在過去兩年越來越糟。(asisshowninthechart,theairquality)_______________________________________________________________________________________4．在漢語演講比賽中取得一等獎(jiǎng)，這我做夢(mèng)也沒有想到。(winthefirstprize,Chinesespeechcompetition,beyondmywildestdreams)_________________________________________________________________________________Asisshowninthechart,theairqualityofthecityhasbecomeworseandworseinthepasttwoyears.IwonthefirstprizeintheChineseSpeechCompetition,whichwasbeyondmywildestdreams.29/34三、使用非限制性定語從句寫高級(jí)句子1．我們學(xué)校，位于內(nèi)鄉(xiāng)西北角，有34年歷史。(belocatedin,haveahistoryof)________________________________________________________________________

___________2．我們學(xué)校里老師，大多數(shù)都是三十多歲，把他們一切都貢獻(xiàn)給了我們。(inone’sthirties,devoteoneselfto)_____________________________________________________________________________Ourschool,whichislocatedinthenorthwestofNeixiang,hasahistoryofthirty－fouryears.Theteachersofourschool,mostofwhomareintheirthirties,havedevotedthemselvestous.30/343．我們學(xué)校有四千多名學(xué)生，大多數(shù)都能專心學(xué)習(xí)。(themajorityof,putone’sheartinto)_______________________________________________________________________________________4．我為我們學(xué)校而感到自豪。我相信，在這里，假如我們好好學(xué)習(xí)話，一定會(huì)考上名牌大學(xué)。(beproudof,thereisagoodchancethat,beadmittedto)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Therearemorethan4，000studentsinourschool,themajorityofwhomputtheirheartsintotheirstudies.Iamproudofourschool,whereIamsureifwedoourbest,thereisagoodchancethatwecanbeadmittedtothebestfamousuniversities.31/34四、綜合利用定語從句知識(shí)寫句子1．不過，現(xiàn)在許多企業(yè)關(guān)心卻是怎樣掙到更多錢，不論環(huán)境受到怎樣破壞。(all,careabout,makemoney,nomatterhowseriously)________________________________________________