英語情態動詞精講2025四川英語溫馨提示：點擊內容可跳轉至相應頁面。2核心語法精講練1課標知識導圖3綜合檢測課標知識導圖情態動詞表示推測基本特征基本用法基本特征1.表示肯定推測：must＞can／could>may>might2.表示否定推測：can't＞maynot1.有詞義，但不能單獨作謂語，須和動詞原形一起構成謂語2.除haveto外一般無人稱和數的變化3.后接動詞原形表示推測1.表示能力：can，can't，could，couldn't2.表示請求：can，will，would，may，could，might，shall3.表示禁止：mustn't4.表示需要/不需要：need/needn't5.表示建議：should，hadbetter6.表示義務和責任：must，haveto，should，oughtto,shouldn't基本用法核心語法精講練一、情態動詞的基本用法情態動詞含義及用法例句can表示能力，意為“能，會”。可與be

able

to相互轉化I

can

say

“nihao”

in

different

languages.

表示請求、允許，意為“可以”，多用于口語中Can

you

give

me

a

hand？

I

lost

my

way

here.

can’t表示能力，意為“不能，不會”I

can

play

the

piano，

but

I

can’t

sing

or

dance.

[人教七(下)Unit

1

P88]情態動詞含義及用法例句can’t表示拒絕對方的請求或者不同意/不允許，意為“不可以”You

can’t

take

the

book

out

of

the

library

without

permission.

couldcan的過去式，意為“能，會”，表示過去的能力The

little

girl

was

young

but

she

could

eat

by

herself.

情態動詞含義及用法例句could在疑問句中表示委婉的請求。肯定回答：Yes./Sure./Certainly./Of

course./No

problem./With

pleasure.等；否定回答：Sorry，

I’m

afraid

not./Sorry，

I

can’t./I’d

love/like

to，

but...等—Could

you

please

help

me

with

my

English？—Sorry，

I

am

busy

now.couldn’tcould的否定式，意為“不能，不會”He

couldn’t

speak

French

fluently.

情態動詞含義及用法例句must表示主觀看法，意為“必須，一定”。由must引出的一般疑問句，肯定回答：“Yes，主語＋must/have

to.”；否定回答：“No，主語＋needn’t/don’t/doesn’t

have

to.”。注意：否定回答用needn’t而不用mustn’tYou

must

clean

your

bedroom

every

day.

[人教九(全)Unit

7

P52]mustn’tmust的否定式，意為“一定不要，禁止”You

mustn’t

pick

flowers

in

the

garden.

情態動詞含義及用法例句may表示請求、許可，意為“可以”May

I

play

outside

alone？用于祈使句，表示祝福和祝愿，和wish相似May

you

have

a

nice

trip！

mightmay的過去式She

worried

that

I

might

be

angry.

表示請求、許可，語氣比may更委婉Might

I

ask

you

a

question？情態動詞含義及用法例句need意為“有必要，需要”，主要用于否定句和疑問句中Need

I

give

you

an

example？needn’t意為“不需要，沒必要”—Must

I

arrive

at

the

airport

ahead

of

time？—No，

you

needn’t.

should/ought

to意為“應該”，表示要求和命令，也可以表示勸告或建議You

ought

to

give

up

smoking.

情態動詞含義及用法例句should/ought

to表示征詢意見，常用于疑問句中Should

I

take

my

temperature？[人教八(下)Unit

1

P2]shouldn’t意為“不應該”We

shouldn’t

depend

so

much

on

our

parents.

[魯教九(全)Unit

9

P66]情態動詞含義及用法例句had

better意為“最好”，多用于第二人稱，否定形式為had

better

notYou

had

better

not

be

late

for

school.

[譯林牛津八(上)Unit

4

P48]have

to意為“不得不”，多表示客觀必要I

have

to

study

for

a

math

test.

don’t

have

to意為“不需要”，回答must提問的問句—Must

we

finish

the

task

now？—No，

we

don’t

have

to.二、情態動詞表示推測情態動詞含義及用法例句

can’t表示否定推測，語氣強烈。意為“一定不，不可能”，可能性幾乎為零Danny

can’t

be

playing

on

the

playground.

I

saw

him

in

the

library

just

now.

[冀教九(全)Unit

4

P62]could表示推測，意為“有可能，也許”，語氣緩和，較委婉It

could

be

a

girl’s

room

because

it’s

very

tidy.

情態動詞含義及用法例句must表示非常有把握的肯定推測，100%的可能性，意為“一定，肯定”They

must

be

very

tired

after

a

long

walk.

may意為“有可能，也許”，用于肯定句，表示把握不大的推測The

plane

may

be

put

off

because

of

the

terrible

weather.

may

not表示否定推測，語氣不確定，意為“可能不”It

may

not

be

Mary’s

schoolbag.

She

doesn’t

like

black.情態動詞含義及用法例句might表示推測，意為“有可能，也許”，可能性低于may，語氣緩和，較委婉She

might

have

gone

to

the

library.

She

likes

reading

in

the

afternoon.

拓展(1)表示肯定推測的情態動詞有：must＞could＞may＞might(按語氣強弱)。(2)表示否定推測的情態動詞有：can’t＞may

not(按語氣強弱)。綜合檢測在空白處填入一個恰當的情態動詞。1.

(2024宜賓23題改編)When

we

look

at

the

people

around，

we

can

find

most

of

them

are

paying

more

attention

to

their

phones

rather

than

face-to-face

communication.2.

(2024雅安76題改編)The

trade

between

the

two

countries

also

needs

Chinese-speaking

people.

If

you

speak

Chinese

well，

you

can

find

a

job.3.

(2023自貢24題改編)—

Can/May/Could

I

take

a

seat

here？—No，

you

can’t.

They’re

only

for

the

old

and

children.cancanCan/May/Could4.

(2023成都35題改編)—Look！

People

outside

are

wearing

thick

coats.—The

weather

must

be

very

cold.5.—Does

the

sports

watch

belong

to

Mary？—It

can’t

be

hers.

I

saw

her

wear

one

just

now.6.—

Should/Shall

we

learn

how

to

manage

time

well？—Of

course.

It’s

a

necessary

skill

that

we

have

to

master.7.—Must

I

answer

your

question

immediately？—No，

you

needn’t

.

You

can

think

my

questions

over

first.8.

Peter

must

have

forgotten

our

meeting

because

hehasn’t

arrived

yet.9.

Judy

might

be

at

the

library

because

she

loves

reading

so

much.mustcan’tShould/Shallneedn’tmustmight10.

We

should

make

every

effort

to

protect

the

earth，

or

we’ll

lo