PeriodThreeGrammar—SubjunctiveMood(1)課文原句感知1.Ifyoucouldhave(have)threeofthesepaintingsonthewallsofyourclassroom，whichwouldyouchoose(choose)?2.Ifyouwere(be)anartist，whatkindofpictureswouldyoupaint(paint)?3.Iftherulesofperspectivehadnotbeendiscovered(not，discover)，noonewouldhavebeen(be)abletopaintsuchrealisticpictures.4.Withoutthenewpaintsandthenewtechnique，wewouldnotbe(not，be)abletoseethemanygreatmasterpiecesforwhichthisperiodisfamous.5.Therearescoresofmodernartstyles，butwithouttheImpressionists，manyofthesepaintingstylesmightnotexist(not，exist).虛擬語氣是英語測試的重點之一。虛擬語氣用來表示說話人所說的話并不是事實，而是一種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑或推測。其使用情況如下：一、虛擬語氣在if條件從句中的用法if條件從句條件從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式表示與現(xiàn)在相反的情況動詞過去式(be動詞常用were)would/should/could/might＋動詞原形1.Ifwehadenoughmoney，wewouldbuyaputer.如果我們有足夠的錢，我們就會買臺電腦。2.Weretheyherenow，theycouldhelpus.如果現(xiàn)在他們在這里，他們就能幫助我們。表示與過去相反的情況had＋過去分詞would/should/could/might＋have＋過去分詞1.Ifhehadknownyouraddressyesterday，hewouldhavevisitedyou.如果他昨天知道你的地址，他就會拜訪你了。2.HadIworkedharderatschool，I’dhavegotabetterjob.如果我在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)更努力的話，就會找到一份更好的工作。表示與將來相反的情況，是對將來的一種假設(shè)(發(fā)生的可能性不大)should＋動詞原形；wereto＋動詞原形；動詞過去式(be動詞常用were)would/should/could/might＋動詞原形1.Ifitshouldraintomorrow，we’dstayathome.(下雨的可能性并不大)如果明天下雨，我們就待在家里。2.WereItomeetMarysomeday，Iwouldtellherwhathashappenedhere.如果有一天我遇到瑪麗，我就會告訴她這里發(fā)生的一切。3.Ifourtrainarrivedontime，wewouldhavetimetovisityoursister.如果我們的火車能按時到達，我們就有時間去看你妹妹。注意：虛擬條件句中有had，should，were時，可將if去掉，把had，should，were提到主語之前，即倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，如例2。二、使用虛擬語氣的其他情況1.(1)在wish后的賓語從句及ifonly后的從句中，表示現(xiàn)在的愿望，謂語常用過去時。IwishIknewhisaddress.我要是知道他的地址就好了。IwishIwereyoung.我要是年輕就好了。IwishIcouldswim.我要是會游泳就好了。Ifonlymothercouldbeherenow!現(xiàn)在要是媽媽在這里就好了！(2)表示過去不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，并對此感到遺憾或后悔，謂語用過去完成時。Iwishyouhadwrittentohim.我希望你寫信給他了。Ihavefailedintheexam.IfonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice!我考試沒及格。要是我聽了你的建議就好了！(3)表示將來的愿望，謂語用would/could/might＋動詞原形，實現(xiàn)的可能性較低，接近一種客氣的請求。Iwishyouwouldn’tsmokeanymore.我希望你不再抽煙了。Iwishhecouldetomorrow.我希望他明天能來。Ifonlyitwouldstopraining!要是雨能停就好了！2.在wouldrather后的賓語從句中，謂語常用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r；用過去完成時表示過去的情況。IwouldratherIhadn’tbeentosuchaplace.我寧愿我沒有去過那樣一個地方。3.某些介詞或介詞短語，如butfor，without，副詞或連詞，如otherwise，however，or，but等也可以表達一個暗含的虛擬的條件，這種情況下要仔細閱讀上下文的語境，如：Forthegreaterpartofthevoyagewehadpleasantweather，buttowardstheendofourcrossingaterriblestormcameupandtheshipwouldhavesunkwithallonaboardbutfortheeffortsofthecaptain.在這次航行的大部分時間里，天氣都很好。但是在航行臨近結(jié)束時刮起了可怕的風(fēng)暴，要不是由于船長的努力，所有的乘客就會跟著輪船一起沉沒了。4.有時條件從句表示的動作和主句表示的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，這類句子稱為錯綜時間條件句。此時主、從句動詞的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)各自所表示的時間進行調(diào)整。Ifhehadtakenmyadvicethen，hewouldn’tbeintroublenow.如果那時他聽取了我的建議，現(xiàn)在他就不會有麻煩了。Ifsheweretoleave，Iwouldhaveheardaboutit.如果她要走，我會聽說的。單句語法填空1.Ifthenewsafetysystemhadbeenput(put)touse，theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.(2017·北京)2.—DoyouhaveBetty’sphonenumber?—Yes.Otherwise，Iwouldn’thavebeen(not，be)abletoreachheryesterday.(2017·天津)3.Were(be)itnotforthesupportoftheteachers，thestudentcouldnotovereherdifficulty.(2017·江蘇)4.Whydidn’tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyouhadtold(tell)me，Icouldhavehelped.(2016·北京)5.Ifithadnotbeen(not，be)forhisinvitationtheotherday，Ishouldnotbeherenow.(2016·江蘇)6.Iwaswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadn’tbeenwearingone，Iwouldhavebeeninjured(injure).(2016·天津)7.Withouthiswartimeexperiences，Hemingwaywouldn’thavewritten(not，write)hisfamousnovelAFarewelltoArms.(2015·重慶)8.IwishIhadbeen(be)atmysister’sweddinglastTuesday，butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.(2015·天津)9.Itisluckywebookedaroom，orwewouldhave(have)nowheretostaynow.(2015·安徽)Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Ifthereshouldbe/were(be)anychangeaboutthedate，Iwouldinformyouintime.2.Hadtheweatherbeengood，thetwinswouldhavegone(go)outforawalk.3.Mybestfriendisintrouble.IfonlyIhad(have)enoughmoneytohelpher!4.HowIwishIhadseen(see)heratthestation，butIwastoobusy.5.Wearrivedthereontime.Otherwisewewouldhavemissed(miss)theearlybus.Ⅱ.完成句子6.要是我能發(fā)明一個強大的機器人就好了！IfonlyIcouldinventapowerfulrobot!7.我希望有一天我能乘坐宇宙飛船登上月球。IwishIcould/wouldgotothemooninaspaceshiponeday.8.如果他昨晚沒有遲到，他就會抓住這次機會了。Ifhehadn’tbeenlatelastnight，hewouldhavegraspedthechance.9.要是沒有考試，現(xiàn)在我們會過著一種輕松很多的生活。Withoutexams，wewouldliveamucheasierlifenow.10.他寧愿那天沒有對兒子大喊大叫。Hewouldratherhehadn’tshoutedathissonthatday.Ⅲ.語法填空(2018·義烏群星外國語學(xué)校高二檢測)Thousandsofusstrugglewithlettinggoofthepainthat11.wascaused(cause)bypasteventsandcircumstances.Let’sfaceit：noneofusisperfectandweallmayspeakofsomething12.thatcouldhurtsomeoneelseintheprocess.Youcan’tchange13.thepast.Whatyoucandothoughisrealizingthatweareallhumanswhomakemistakesandthen14.immediately(immediate)makeadecisionandchoosetoletgoofthewounds.Firstly，youneedtoaccept15.whathashappenedsinceyoucan’tchangeit.Lifealways16.tries(try)toteachusnewlessonsandyouneedtobealert，studyandanalyzethem.Secondly，makeafirmdecisiontoforgive.Oneofthebestblessingsisthe17.choice(choose)tomake.Youcan’tgofrompointAtopointBunlessyoufirstchoosetodoit.Lastly，realizethatholdingon18.tothehurtfulemotionswillonlyhurtoneperson—YOU.Therefore，sinceyouloveandvalue19.yourself(you)，youneedtolookafteryourself.Begintofocusontheideathatweareallhumansandcouldeasilymakemistakesfromtimetotime.Focusonthe“goodness”thatisineachofus.Thistypeoffocusandself-talkmakesiteasier20.tolet(let)goofpasthurtandmoveon.Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2018·義烏群星外國語學(xué)校高二檢測)Plantogettotheairportatleastanhourearly，ortwoduringholidaysandotherbusytimes；thiswillreducethestressoftheflight.Ifallgoeswell，youwillhavetimetorelax，shopforlast-minuteitems，orhaveamealbeforetheflight.FlightDelaysFindoutwhyyourflightisdelayed.Callthefreecallnumbers.Findoutifotherairlinesareexperiencingsimilardelays.Ifyoubelievethedelayisduetosomethingotherthanweatherorairtrafficproblems，thenmentionyoursuspicion(懷疑)andasktheairlineagenttobookyouonthenextavailableflight，eitheronthesameairlineorapetingone.Thisiscalled“Rule240”，andallairlinesarerequiredtodoit.FlightCancellations(取消)Ifyourflightiscanceled，thenmakeareservation(預(yù)訂)onthenextflighttoyourdestination.Usually，airlinepersonnel(職員)willtrytobookeveryoneontheirnextflight.Oftentheywillputyouonapetitor’snextflightonlyifyourequestit.Ifon-timearrivalisimportanttoyou，whenyoucheckflightsthroughourreservationsystemyoucanrateyourchoicesbasedontheiron-timearrivalrecords.Besuretoalsochecktheweatherconditions，astheyoftenaffectflightschedules.eq\x(語篇解讀本文講述了關(guān)于乘坐航班出行的相關(guān)知識。特別是航班延誤或取消后該如何處理。)1.Apersongoestotheairportaheadoftimemainlyto.A.buywhathewantsintheairportB.haveagoodrestintheairplaneC.reducethepressureoftheflightD.getontheairplaneimmediately答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段提到的“Plantogettotheairportatleastanhourearly，ortwoduringholidaysandotherbusytimes；thiswillreducethestressoftheflight.”可知，提早到達飛機場可以減輕航行的壓力。故選C項。2.Ifapersoncalls“Rule240”，hewantsto.A.changeforthetickettothenextflightB.makesurethetimeforthenextplaneC.knowifotherflights’delayshappenD.askthereasonfortheplanedelay答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段提到的“asktheairlineagenttobookyouonthenextavailableflight，eitheronthesameairlineorapetingone.Thisiscalled‘Rule240’”(要航空公司給你定另一班機，要么是同一航線或其他航線，這就是Rule240)可知Rule240就是把票換成其他航班的。故選A項。3.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.UnpleasantTravels B.DangerousFlightsC.AirportTravelTips D.BusyAirport答案C解析標題歸納題。本文講述了關(guān)于乘坐航班出行的相關(guān)知識。特別是航班延誤或取消后該如何處理。故選C項。Ⅱ.完形填空(2017·安徽黃山市高二檢測)Myfatherwasaself-taughtmandolinplayer.Hewasoneofthebeststringinstrumentplayersinourtown.Hecouldnot4music，butifheheardatuneafewtimes，hecouldplayit.Ilovedtosing，butIneverlearnedhowto5themandolin.ThisissomethingI6tothisday.Dadlovedtoplaythemandolinforhis7，asheknewweenjoyedsinging，andhearinghimplay.Hewasalwaysthere，8histimeandeffortstoseethathisfamilyhadenoughintheirlife.Ihadtomatureintoamanandhavechildrenofmyown9Irealizedhowmuchhehadsacrificed.10playedthemandolinlikemyfather.Hecould11yoursoulwiththetones.Heseemedtoshinewhenhewasplaying.Youcouldseehis12inhisabilitytoplaysowellforhisfamily.Oneday，hewasinvolvedinan13.Onthisparticularday，Dadgotthefirstfingerofhislefthand14bythemachine.Thedoctorwhooperatedonthefingercouldnot15it，whichdidaffecthis16toplaythemandolin.Aftertheaccident，Dadfeltthathecouldnotplay17.WhenIcamehomeandaskedhimtoplay，hewouldmake18forwhyhecouldn’tplay.InAugustof1993myfatherwasdiagnosedwith19lungcancer.Aboutaweekbeforehisdeath，weaskedDadifhewouldplaythemandolinforus.Hesaid“20”.Heknewitwouldprobablybethelasttimehecouldplayforus.WhenIlookedaround，therewasnota21eyeinthefamily.Wesawbeforeusaquietmanwithaninner22.Dadwasalwaysdoingsomethinghehaddoneallhislife，23.語篇解讀在作者的記憶當(dāng)中，父親常常在家人面前彈奏曼陀林，然而由于一場事故，父親的一根手指損壞，之后父親再也不愿意彈奏曼陀林。直至他因癌癥去世前的一周，父親為家人最后彈奏了一次曼陀林。4.A.recognize B.appreciateC.read D.write答案C解析根據(jù)下文“但是父親在聽過幾遍之后就會演奏”，可知父親不會讀(read)樂譜。故選C。5.A.study B.playC.make D.observe答案B解析彈奏樂器用play。故選B。6.A.abandon B.discussC.advocate D.regret答案D解析作者從來沒有學(xué)過彈奏曼陀林，這也是他后悔至今的事。regret后悔。故選D。7.A.family B.colleaguesC.audience D.friends答案A解析由下文中的“hisabilitytoplaysowellforhisfamily”可知父親喜歡為他的家人(family)演奏曼陀林。故選A。8.A.wasting B.savingC.valuing D.sacrificing答案D解析由下文中的“Irealizedhowmuchhehadsacrificed”可知父親為了家人總是犧牲自己的時間和努力。故選D。9.A.when B.beforeC.until D.once答案B解析我成長為一個男人并且在有了我自己的孩子之后才意識到他為家人犧牲了多少。before此處意為“……(之后)才”。故選B。10.A.Nobody B.EverybodyC.Somebody D.Anybody答案A解析根據(jù)下文作者對于父親演奏的贊美可知，應(yīng)該是沒有人能像父親一樣演奏。故選A。11.A.see B.feelC.touch D.sound答案C12.A.performance B.modestyC.preference D.pride答案D解析父親的演奏深得家人的喜愛，父親對于他的這個能力感到自豪。pride自豪。故選D。13.A.activity B.entertainmentC.accident D.organization答案C解析根據(jù)下文可知，父親是卷入了一場事故中。accident事故。故選C。14.A.broken B.heldC.dirtied D.hurt答案A解析根據(jù)下文可知父親的手指是被機器給弄斷了。故選A。15.A.discover B.saveC.understand D.examine答案B解析根據(jù)句意可知，醫(yī)生未能挽救父親的手指。save救，挽救。故選B。16.A.skill B.talentC.interest D.ability答案D解析斷了的手指的確會影響父親彈奏曼陀林的能力。ability能力。故選D。17.A.oncemore B.foreverC.aswell D.sofar答案C解析根據(jù)下文：當(dāng)我回到家想要父親彈奏的時候，父親拒絕了，可知，父親在那次事故后也感覺他不能彈奏了。故選C。18.A.preparations B.excusesC.mistakes D.faults答案B解析每次我想要父親彈奏的時候，他總是會找借口。excuse借口。故選B。19.A.serious B.curableC.cute D.possible答案A解析根據(jù)下文“在父親去世之前，我們想要再聽一次父親的彈奏”可知，父親的肺癌是非常嚴重的。serious嚴重的。故選A。20.A.absolutelynot B.impossibleC.nevermind D.okay答案D解析根據(jù)下文：父親為我們彈奏了最后一次，可知，父親答應(yīng)了我們的請求。故選D。21.A.bright B.dewyC.dry D.glazed答案C解析根據(jù)下文可知，我們都在像以前一樣聆聽著父親的彈奏，由于父親病重，將不久于人世，所以家人的眼中蓄滿了淚水。故選C。22.A.weakness B.strengthC.dream D.motivation答案B解析根據(jù)上文的描述可知，此處句意應(yīng)該是：我們看見的是一位內(nèi)心擁有著強大力量的安靜的男人。strength力量。故選B。23.A.giving B.seekingCpleting D.entertaining答案A解析根據(jù)全文的意思可知，父親的一生都在為家庭付出自己的時間和努力。give給予。故選A。Ⅲ.語法填空(2018·金華十校高二檢測)We’relikethecream.Whenthecreamrisestothetop，itseparatesitself24.fromthemilk.Wefind25.ourselves(we)lonelyatthetop.Yes，itis.Often，weare26.unable(able)tofindthoseotherrareindividuals27.who/thatarechoosingthesamepathasours.Thesloppy(凌亂的)andlazypathisfullofpeople.Thepathofwhiners(牢騷者)isfull.Thepathofbeingsafe，ordinary，andboringisso28.crowded(crowd).Isn’tthatwhyyou29.left(leave)thatpath？Youhad30.aneedtomoveforward，aneedtospreadyourarmswideandaneed31.tobeseen(see)asspecial，uniqueanddifferent.Themassesmayadmireyou.Unfortunately，theyarenotgoingtobeabletoreallyunderstandyou.Youwillbealonemuchofthetime.Don’tbeafraidof32.loneliness(lonely).Donotforceotherstoagreewithyou.Simplydowithallyourheartandknowyouaregrowingandthattheyarefreetogrowornot.Itisthenatureofthegame.Weareallfreetochooseour33.paths(path).Ⅳ.概要寫作閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Therearesomeverygoodthingsaboutopeneducation.Thiswayofteachingallowsthestudentstodeveloptheirowninterestsinmanysubjects.Openeducationallowsstudentstoberesponsiblefortheirowneducation，astheyareresponsibleforwhattheydoinlife.Somestudentsdobadlyintraditionalclassroom.Theopenclassroommayallowthemtoenjoylearning.Somestudentswillbehappierinanopeneducationschool.Theywillnothavetoworryaboutgradesorrules.Butmanystudentswillnotdowellinanopenclassroom.Forsomestudents，therearetoofewrules.Thesestudentswilldolittleinschool.Theywillnotmakegooduseofopeneducation.Becauseopeneducationissodifferentfromtraditionaleducation，thesestudentsmayhavetheproblemofgettingusedtomakingsomanychoices.