西方思想經(jīng)典_南京大學(xué)中國大學(xué)mooc課后章節(jié)答案期末考試題庫2023年Bacon’stheoryofknowledgediffersfromPlato’sinthat______.

參考答案:

hestressestheimportanceofexperience

Inthelate1970s,thecentralissuesofwomen’sliberationmovementintheU.S.didNOTinclude__________.

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education_professionaldevelopment_suffrage

“Femininity”ortheso-calledfemalecharacteristicsmayincludethefollowing___________.

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irresponsible_frivolous_infantile

CartesianDualismarguesthattheworldismadeupof_____.

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mindandmatter

“Existenceprecedesessence”stresses___________.

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concretenessandfluidityofhumanexistence

AccordingtoMartinLuther,only__________________ensuressalvation.

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faith

Webercallstheurgetofulfiltheworldlyobligations“calling,”namely,________.

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totakeimmediateactionsandperformduty

Vico’sprincipleofverumfactumthatabsoluteknowledgecanonlybeverifiedbythecreatorindicates___.

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therealmofknowledgemanifestsitselfinitsdiversityandrichness

AccordingtoBrunoLatour,sciencestudiesshouldturnfrom“mattersoffact”toward“_________.”

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mattersofconcern

Whichofthefollowingstatement(s)is/areFalse,accordingtoSontag?

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Menshouldtakealltheresponsibilitiesforreducingwomentoobjects._Womenshouldtryhardtostayasyoungaspossible,otherwisetheywilllosethebattleagainstmen._Menarenotsubjecttoanypressureoftakingcareoftheirlooks,becausethisiswhat“masculinity"isallabout.

Bacon’stechniqueof“gradualascent”referstoagradualascent,orincrease,of______.

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thegeneralityofone’stheory

_________,aconceptdevelopedbyJohnCalvin,referstothebeliefthatGodchooseswhomtoredeem.

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Predestination

JudithButlerbelievesthatpracticesof___mayrevealtheperformativestatusofgender.

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parody

Galileo,withhistelescope,helpedprovethevalidityof____modelagainst____model.

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Copernicus’sheliocentric;Aristotle’sgeocentric

By“TheintentionoftheHolyGhostistoteachushowonegoestoheaven,nothowheavengoes”,Galileomeans________

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oneshouldnottaketheBibletooliterally

Whichofthefollowingisadefensemechanism?

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repression_regression_rationalization

Butlerusestheterm“_______”toemphasizethatthesubjectiscreatedbycitation.

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subject-effect

Theword“queer”inqueertheoryreferstosomethingfundamentally_______.

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non-essential

Butlerbelievesthatpracticesof_____mayrevealtheperformativestatusofgender.

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parody

Accordingto____,“oneisnotborn,butbecomes,awoman.”

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SimonedeBeauvoir

“BodyPolitics”canbeappliedtoaccountfor_______________.

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thepracticesandpoliciesthroughwhichthesocietyregulatesthehumanbody

Plato’sallegoryofthecaveimpliesthat___________.

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welivefigurativelyinalargersocietalcavernandhavetoworkhardtogetoutofit

WhatisFreud'suniquemethodinstudyingpsychologicaldisorders?

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Heprobesintohumans’minds

InhisNinety-fiveTheses,Luthercriticized_________forsellingindulgences.

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theCatholicchurch

GalileoiscalledtheFatherofModernSciencebecausehe_____.

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calledfortheindependenceofscientificenquiry

Sciencehastodealwiththeexternalforceswhichgoagainstit,exemplifiedbypeoplesuchas_______

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Giambattista

Vico

TheStructureofScientificRevolutions,publishedin1962byThomasKuhn,markedthe“subjectiveturn”inthephilosophyofscience,characterizedby___________.

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ashiftfromnaturetotherelationofnatureandman

“TheScienceWars”tookplaceinthe__________________todebatethenatureandmeaningofscience.

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1990s

TheSokalaffairreferstoanAmericanphysicist’spublishedparodyof______thinking.

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postmodernist

Sinceman’sunderstandingofhumansocietyispartial,Vicoargues,humanknowledgeshouldalsoinclude______

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myths_literature_legends

Whichofthefollowingisthestageofdevelopmentforscience?

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normalscience_prescience_crisis

Aroundtheturnofthe20thcentury,anew“scientificrevolution”tookplace,involvingthefollowing___________.

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WernerHeisenberg_AlbertEinstein_NielsBohr

ThenewacademicfieldScienceandTechnologyStudies(STS)takesa_____approachtoscienceanditswayofproduction.

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sociological

Inherbook,JudithButlertookalinguisticturntodiscusstheperformativityofgenderanddistinguishitfromperformance.

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BodiesThatMatter

GiambattistaVicoconceptofscienceis“new”inthat___________.

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ittakesmanintoconsiderationforanunderstandingofscience

AccordingtoMachiavelli,aprinceoughttopaythegreatestattentiontowaranditsrulesanddiscipline,becausethiswill____.

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helphimacquireandmaintainpower

TheRenaissanceManbyGiovanniPicoisbestrepresentedby____.

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the

seedsofallpossibilitiesbestowedbyGod

Theideologyof“progressiveimperialism”ismisleadingmainlybecauseit______.

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providedamoraljustificationforimperialismasanobleenterprise

Asahumanistandliberalist,JohnStuartMillsupportedallthefollowingexcept_____.

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thebeliefthatallmenarecreatedequal

TheproblemwithSubjectivismisthat___________.

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theunstrainedsubjectivitywilloverlooktheexistenceofobjectivereality

Bacon’smethodofinductionproposesthatinscience,oneshouldproceed_____.

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fromspecificstogeneral

MaxWebersaythatasceticProtestantismcontributestotheriseofmarket-drivencapitalismbecauseofthefollowingreasonsexcept_______.

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pursuitofmaterialityandgreed

TheEnglishword"Bible"means______.

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thebooks

Whatdoes"testament"meanintheBible?

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covenant

Scholasticismhasalottodowith______.

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theinterpretationoftheChristianBible

Augustine’sChristianphilosophyis________innature.

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Platonic

ThomasAquinasisbestknownforhiscombinationof__________withChristiantheology.

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Aristotle’sscience

WhatisthepurposeofMartinLuther'sNinety-fiveTheses?

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Toquestionthecorruptchurchpracticeofsellingindulgences

IntheBible,TheApocalypse(meaning“revelation”)isalsocalled_______.

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TheFinalJudgment

WhatarethecoretenetsrepeatedlyemphasizedintheOldTestament?

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thesignificanceandvalueofsuffering_theimportanceofdevoutnessandvirtue_integrityandrighteousness

TheProtestantReformationwasnotignitedbythe________.

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thedisagreementonleadership_theproblematicsurvivalofChristianity_theinfluencefrompolitics

Calvinismandcapitalismbelongtodifferentmindsetnotbecause_______.

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Capitalismisunworldlyandspiritual,andProtestantismstandsformaterialityandgreed_Capitalismisgreedyandspiritual,andProtestantismstandsformaterialityandunworldliness_Capitalismisunworldlyandgreedy,andProtestantismstandsformaterialityandspirituality

ThescholasticismofSt.ThomasAquinasisknownforitscombinationof___.

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Aristotle’ssciencewiththeChristianfaith

Asceticismisalifestylethatisnotasscoiatedwith___________.

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developinganobsessionwithbodilygratification_permittingunionwiththedivine_releasingthesoulfrombondagetothebody

Platoinsiststhatknowledgebecertainandinfallible,andhecallsthis_______.

參考答案:

Form

Platoisknownforhisfamousallegoryofthecave,whichtellsusthat________.

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weshouldgetoutofthecaveandgainenlightenment

Baconisa(n)_____statesmanwholivedin______.

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English;theRenaissanceperiod

Baconidentifiesfour“Idols”,inotherwords,______.

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impedimentstoclearhumanreasoning

Epistemologydealswiththefollowingquestions,including_____.

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whatisknowledge?_howisknowledgeacquired?_whereisknowledgetobefound?

Theword“empiricism”originatesnotfrom_____.

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Chine