考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷6（共9套）

（共200題）

考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套

一、閱讀（常規閱讀理解）（本題共25題，每題7.0

分,共25分。）

Thatmythicalbeast,homoeconomicus,otherwisecalledEconomicman,isutterlyclear

aboutthepurposeofwork:togetpaid.Heiskeeneronleisurethanonwork,andif

moneycanbegotwithouteffort,hedownstools.Ifrealpeoplefeelthesame,then

bountifulout-of-workbenefitsshouldbefoundinthesameplacesaswork-shycitizens.

Yetacross-countrycomparisonofbenefitsandattitudestoworkpublishedonJanuary

28thfindspreciselytheoppositepattern.Researchersranked13countriesaccordingto

theirgenerosity（measuredbycomparingtypicalbenefitstothoseoutofworkwiththe

averagewageofaproductionworker）andtheircitizens1commitmenttowork（gaugedby

askingwhethertheywouldworkiftheydidnotneedthecash,andwhethertheyregarded

ajobasmerelyawaytoearnaliving）.Theyfoundthatthemoregenerousastateisthe

keeneronworkitspeopleare.Britons,whosebenefitswerethestingiest（most

ungenerous）afterthosethatAmericansget,wereleastkeenofallonwork.Onereason

maybetheskillsmake-upoftheBritishworkforce.Theresearchersfound,logically

enough,thatprofessionalsandgraduatesweremorepositiveaboutworkthanthe

unskilledandnon-graduates.FewerBritonsthanNorwegians（whocametoponwork

commitment）haveprofessionaljobsordegrees.Butthisdoesnotentirelyexplaintheir

comparativeimmunitytotheattractionsoftoil:Britonsofeverysocialclassandlevelof

educationwerelesskeenonworkthantheircounterpartselsewhere.Couldthe

"dependencyculture"currentlyexercisingBritishpoliticiansbesolvedbyraising

benefits?Unlikely,saysAlisonPark,editoroftheannualBritishSocialAttitudesReport,

inwhichthestudyappeared:attitudestoworkvaryfromcountrytocountryformany

reasons.Thereportstatesthatthelavishnessofwhatthereportterms"encompassing"

states,allNordicwithLirherantraditions,mayhavebeenmadepossiblebyastrong

workethic,ratherthanastrongercommitmenttoworkhavingemergedasaresultofit.

Andworkincentivesarcaffectedbyfeaturesofwelfaresystemsotherthanoverall

generosity:"corporatist"statessuchasGermany,whichpayhigherbenefitstothosewith

alongerworkhistory,maybeencouragingpositiveattitudestoworkbysuch

conditionality.Britain'spoorbenefits,bycontrast,arelargelyindependentofprevious

employment,whichmaymeantheyareseenasanalternativetowork,ratherthanasone

ofthegoodthingsthatflowfromit.

1、Homoeconomicusischaracterizedas.

A、economical

B、lazy

C、leisure-obsessed

D、benefits-driven

標準答案：D

知識點解析：推理判斷題。根據Homoeconomicus定位到第一段。其中講到“經濟

人”深諳工作的目的——獲得報酬，言外之意是其只受利益驅使，故D項正確。

2、Whatcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraph?

A、Thekeeneronworkitspeopleare,themoregenerousastateis.

B、Peoplewhoarekeenonworkwillmaketheirstategenerous.

C、ThebenefitswhichBritonsgetwerethestingiest.

D^AmericansgotstingierbenefitsthanBritonsdid.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：推理判斷題。答案在第二段。最后一句話提到“英國人緊隨美國人之

后，獲得的福利最微薄”，故C項正確.

3、Bysaying"theircomparativeimmunitytotheattractionsoftoil"(Para.3),theauthor

means

A、Britonsarehealthyenoughnottofeelill

B、Britonshavegoodimmunesystem

C、Britonsarenotkeenonwork

D、Britonsareafraidofhardwork

標準答案：C

知識點解析：語義理解題。答案在第三段第五行。該句中冒號后面的內容是對前半

句的解釋，即“每個社會階層，每個教育層次的英國人對工作都更缺乏熱情”，因此

C項正確。

4、AccordingtotheBritishSocialAttitudesReport,"encompassing"statesaregenerous

dueto.

A^thedependencyculture

B、astrongworkethic

C、theriseofbenefits

D^variousworkingattitudes

標準答案；B

知識點解析：事實細節題。考查因果細節。根據~80^$4暗&3^定位到第四

段。根據原文中lavishness...havebeenmadepossibleby…可知by后的內容即為答

題信息點。主要涉及對ratherthan詞組的理解：否定它后面的，肯定前面的a

strongworkethic,因此B項正確。

5、Germanyismentionedinthelastparagraphtoshow(hat.

A^Germanypayshigherbenefitstothosewithalongerworkhistory

B、corporatiststateslikeGermanyprovidebetterbenefitsthanBritain

C、welfaresystemisalsolikelytoinfluenceworkincentives

D、Germanyencouragespositiveworkattitudesbypayinghigherbenefits

標準答案：C

知識點解析：事實細節題。考查例證細節。德國的例子表明“工齡較長的人能獲得

更好的福利”，這實際上是為了說明該段中心句“工作的動力還會受到福利體制的特

點影響”，因此C項正確。

AstheSenatepreparestovoteonlegislationtoempowertheFoodandDrug

Administrationtoregulatetobaccoproducts,itsmemberswouldbewisetoconsulta

recentappealscourtdecision.Thedecisionmakesitclearthatthetobaccocompanies

haveengagedindeceitfulandharmfulbehaviorformanydecadesandcannotbetrusted

toreformontheirown.Regulatoryoversightisthebestchancetoreinthemin.The

unanimousrulingbyathree-judgepaneloftheUnitedStatesCourtofAppealsforthe

DistrictofColumbiaupheldmajorelementsofa2006lowercourtdecisionthatfoundbig

tobaccocompaniesguiltyofracketeeringandfraudaspartofaprolongedcampaignto

deceiveandaddictthepublic.That1,742opinion,renderedbyJudgeGladys

Kessicr,laidoutinpainstakingdetailhowthetobaccocompaniesmadefalsestatements

andsuppressedevidencetodenyorplaydowntheaddictivequalitiesandtheadverse

healtheffectsofsmoking.JudgeKesslerfoundthatthecompaniesmanipulatedthe

designofcigarettestodeliveraddictivedosesofnicotine,falselydeniedthatsecondhand

smokecauseddiseaseandfalselyrepresentedthatlightandlow-tarcigarettespresen:ed

fewerhealthrisks.Theappealscourtnotonlyupheldherdecisionaslegallysound,it

seemeddeeplyimpressedbythe"volumesofevidence"and"countlessexamplesof

deliberatelyfalsestatements"underlyingmanyofJudgeKessler'sfindings.Italsoupheld

somebutnotallofthemarketingrestrictionsandotherrequirementssheimposedto

preventthecompaniesfrommakingfuturefalseclaimsandengaginginadditional

fraudulentactivities.Thecompaniesprotestedthattheyshouldnothesubjectedtosuch

requirementsbecausetheyhadalreadyagreedtonumerousremediesunderasettlement

agreementwith46statesandtheDistrictofColumbia.Theappealspanelwasrightly

unimpressed.Itupheldthedistrictcourt'sfindingsthatafterthesettlementwentinto

effectin1998,thecompaniesalmostimmediatelybegantoevadeandviolatevarious

prohibitionsagainstjointactivitiesandfalsestatements.TheHousehasalreadyvotedto

givetheF.D.Apowertoregulatetobacco.Senators,whoaregettingreadytovoteon

similarlegislation,nowhavefairwarning,iftheyneededanymore,thatthisisa

dishonestindustry.Itcan'tbetrustedtobehaveresponsiblyorevenadheretoagreements

ithassigned.ItistimetogranttheF.D.Athepowertoregulatethecontentandmarketing

oftobaccoproducts.

6、Whywoulditbewiseforthesenatorstoconsultarecentappealscourtdecision

beforevoting?

A^Itrevealstosenatorstobaccocompanics,incompetenceinsclfdiscipline.

B、Itmakesthesenatorslearnhowprofitablethetobaccoindustryis.

C^Ithelpsthesenatorsrealizethenecessityofregulatoryoversight.

D、Itpointsoutthattobaccocompanieshavebeenliarsformanydecades.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：事實細節題。考查因果細節。根據wise定位到第一段，其中最后一

句明確說明對煙草公司進行監管是必要的，可見之所以說這樣做是“明智的“，是由

于這項裁決能讓參觀員認識到對煙草行業進行監管的必耍性，并促使他們投上贊成

票，故C項正確。

7、WecaninferfromJudgeKessler'sfindingsthat.

A、tobaccocompaniesachievecustomeraddictionatthecostoftheirhealth

B>theadversehealtheffectsofsmokinghavebeenchronicallyunderestimated

C、racketeeringandfraudhaveblindedthetobaccocompaniesforalongtime

D、thediseasescausedbysecondhandsmokehavebeencarelesslydenied

標準答案：A

知識點解析：推理判斷題。根據JudgeKessler定位到第二、三段，原文laidmil等

指示詞后面的內容即暗示了JudgeKessler對煙草公司的態度，A項是對煙草公司欺

騙行徑的總結。

8、TherestrictionsandrequirementsimposedbyJudgeKessler.

A、haveentirelybeenapprovedbytheappealscourt

B、willimmediatelybeviolatedbythetobaccocompanies

C、severelyoverlapwiththeprevioussettlementagreement

D、aremeanttopreventtobaccocompaniesfromdeceiving

標準答案：D

知識點解析：事實細節題。根據restrictionsandrequirements定位到第四段。原文

說。JudgeKessler提出這些限制和要求的目的是為了防止煙草公司今后再進行虛假

宣傳以及從事其他的欺咋行為，D項說明的目的符合原文。

9、Theword"rightly*'(Para.5)canbebestreplacedby.

A^justly

B、understandably

C、evidently

D、appropriately

標準答案：A

知識點解析：語義理解題。根據題干定位到第五段。這類題型需要根據上下文推斷

出詞義。此處rightly應意為“正當地”時。這里是指由于煙草公司1998年立即違反

規定的行徑，法院對其抗議給予正當的漠視。四個選項中與法院最相關的詞是

justly(正當地)，也可以由此推測A項正確。

10、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A、Self-regulatedTobaccoIndustry

B、OnceaLiar,AlwaysaLiar

C^WatchYourVote,Senators

D、ADishonestIndustry

標準答案：D

知識點解析：全文主旨題。根據文章大意，D項dishonest一詞最能表明煙草行業

的實質，與全文內容最為貼切。

Writingforanhistoricalseriesistricky,andtheoutcomeisnotalwaysasuccess.The

bestoverallEuropeanhistoryinEnglishistheoldFontanaHistoryofEurope,butitwas

uneveninquality,anditsufferedbecausethevolumesappearedsofarapartintime.The

newPenguinHistoryofEuropehasonlyrecentlybegun.Butjudgingbythissecond

volumeinaprojectedeight-volumese-ries.itisgoingtobeasmashingsuccess.Tini

Blanning,aCambridgehistoryprofessorbringstohisperiodknowledge,experience,

soundjudgmentandacolorfulnarrativestyle.Hisbroadrangeisevidentfromthestart

when,inplaceoftheusualrecitationofpoliticsandbattles,heexpoundsonsuchthemes

ascommunications,transport,demographyandfarming.Indeed,muchofwhatmightbe

seenastraditionalhistoryispushedbacktothefourthandfinalpartofthebook.Notthe

leastofMr.Blanning'sachievementsishisintegratedapproachtotheentirecontinent.He

jumpsnimblyfromSpaintotheLowCountries,fromRussiatoAustria,fromPrussiato

Turkey.ManyofEurope'sroyalfamilieswererelated,afterall.Theauthoralsoexpertly

placesthehistoryofthetwogreatestrivalsoftheday,EnglandandFrance,initswider

Europeancontext.AnyBritishEuroscepticwhothinkshiscountry'shistoryisdetached

fromcontinentalEurope'swouldrealizefromeventhemostinadequatereadingofthis

bookhowboundupwiththecontinentithasinfactalwaysbeen.The17thand18th

centuriesinEuropewere,aboveall,aperiodofwar.Indeed,itseemedattimesasif

FranceandAustria,theleadingmartialpowersin1648,didlittleelsebutfight.

Sometimeswarhelpedtostimulateeconomicandcommercialdevelopment.Butitis

strikingthatitfelltoBritain,whichenjoyedatleastafewyearsofpeace,topioneer

Europe'sindustrialization.Thebookisstrongeronthe18thcenturythanonthesecond

halfofthe17th,reflectingtheauthor'sownhistoricalbias.Anotherweaknessisthat,

thoughthereisareasonablebibliography,ithasnofootnotescitingsources,ascandalous

omissioninaworkwithseriousacademicpretensions.Italsosometimestakesfor

grainedabasicgroundinginthehistoryoftheperiod,whichmaybeprublemalicfor

studentsatwhomitispresumablyinpartaimed.ButoverallMr.Blanninghasproduceda

triumphantsuccess.

11、WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheoldFontanaHistoryofEurope?

A、Somepartsaregood,whileothersnot.

B、Itisaneight-volumehistoricalseries.

C、Itisnotasuccessfulhistoricalseries.

D^Itbecomeslessfamousastimegoesby.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：事實細節題。根據theoldFontanaHistoryofEurope定位到第一段。

其中講到該書質量參差不齊(uneveninquality),編寫時間間隔過長也使書籍受影

響，A項與文中內容相符。

12、Inthesecondvolume,TimBlanningwrotetheHistoryofEurope.

A、inatraditionalway

B>inanunconventionalway

C^inaseparateway

D、inafunnyway

標準答案：B

知識點解析：推理判斷題。根據TimBlanning定位到第二段。第一段最后說，從

剛出版的第二冊就可以看出這套書將大獲成功。第二段自然就是對新版《歐洲史》

已經出的書的介紹。根據inplaceoftheusualrecitationof…（不同于常規的...）可以

看出，第二冊《歐洲史》是TimBlanning用不同于常規的方式寫的.因此B正確。

13、branccandAustriaarcmentionedinParagraph4toshowthat.

A、theyweretheleadingEuropeanmilitarypowersinthe17thcentury

B、warbetweenthesetwocountriesfailedtospureconomicandcommercial

development

C>warwasquiteacommonthinginthe17thand18thcenturiesinEurope

D、thewarbetweenthemmadethemlagbehindEnglandindevelopment

標準答案：C

知識苫解析：事實細節題，考查例證細節。答案一般在舉例的前后句中。第四段舉

France和Austria這兩個當時的軍事大國不時打仗的例子是為了證明它前面的那句

話——歐洲的17、18世紀是戰爭的世紀，故選C項。

14、TheauthorthinksMr.Blanning'sworkisflawedbecause

A、itisethnicallybiased

B、itisuneveninquality

C、itlacksbibliography

D、itomitsthefootnotes

標準答案：D

知識點解析：事實細節題，考查因果細節。根據flawed“有缺陷的”一詞定位到末

段，對應的單詞為weakness。末段提到兩點缺陷：一個是author'sownhistorical

bias,另一個是nofootnotes。D項表示“遺漏了腳注”與原文意思一致，故選D。

15、WecanlearnfromthetextthalthesecondvolumeofthePenguinHistoryofEurope

A、isthebestbookonoverallEuropeanhistory

B、overtlycriticizedBritishEuroscepticism

C^exploredtheEuropeanhistoryseparately

D、isanoverallsuccessdespitecertainflaws

標準答案：D

知識點解析：推理判斷題。最后一段中作者客觀地指出企鵝出版社新出的《歐洲

史》盡管有缺陷，但總的來說是成功的，D項與之相符。

Howlongyoulivehasalottodowithyourenvironmentandlifestyle,butexceptional

longevitymayhaveevenmoretodowithyourgenes.Forthefirsttime,researchershave

identifiedageneticrecipethataccuratelypredictswhomayliveto100andbeyond.

ScientistsledbyDr.ThomasPerisattheBostonUniversitySchoolofMedicine

conductedageneticanalysisofmorethan1,000ccntcnariansandtheirmatchedcontrols

andfound150geneticvariants-orbitsofDNA—thatdifferedbetweenthetwogroups.

Thesevariantsidentifiedpeoplewholivedtoaveryoldage(past100)with77%

accuracy,researchersfound.Furtheranalysisidentified19distinctgeneticprofiles

associatedwithextremelylonglife;90%ofparticipantswholivedto100possessedat

leastoneofthesignaturegeneticclusters.Eachprofileappearedtoconferadifferent

tendencytodevelopcommonage-relatedchronicdiseases,suchasheartdiseaseorbrain

disorder."Wcrealizethisisacomplexgeneticpuzzle,"Perissaid."WeYequiteaways

awaystillinunderstandinghowtheintegrationofthesegenes—notjustwiththemselves

butwithenvironmentalfactors—areplayingaroleinthislongevitypuzzle."Perishas

studiedmanyfactorsthatcontributetolongevity,andheisthefirsttoacknowledgethat

livinglongerisn'tlikelytobesimplyamatterofgenes.Hispreviousworkhasshown,for

example,thatamongmostelderlypeoplewholiveintotheir70sand80s,about70%of

theirlongevitycanbeascribedtoenvironmentalfactorssuchasnotsmoking;eatinga

healthy,low-fat,low-caloriediet;andremainingsociallyengagedandintellectually

activethroughoutlife.Still,itseemsclearthatthosewholivetoanexceptionallyripeold

agearebenefitingfromaspecialDNAboost.Infact,Perisbelievesthattheoldera

persongets,themorelikelyitisthathisorhergenesarecontributingtothoseextended

years.Hiscurrentgeneticfindingssupportthattheory:the19mostcommongenetic

profilesthatdistinguishedtheexceptionallylong-livedappeartobecorrelatedwithlower

incidenceofcertaindiseases.Forexample,someprofileswereassociatedwithlower

ratesofhighbloodpressureanddiabetes,whileanotherwaslinkedtoareducedriskof

braindisorder.Althoughmostofuscan'texpecttobecomecentenarians,Perisishoping

thathisworkwillleadtobetterways——perhapsthroughpharmaceuticalinterventions

basedonthegeneticcluestolongevity—tohelpmoreofuslivelikethem.

16、Byanalysingthegenesofcentenarians,scientistsfoundthat.

A、environmentandlifestylecontributemuchtolongevity

centenarians'genesarethesameasotherpeople

C、manygeneticvariantsmayidentifycentenarians

D、19geneticprofilesoicentenariansaredifferentfromothers

標準答案：C

知識點解析：細節理解題。第一段第四句講到，科學家發現某些基因變異體能夠在

某種程度上鑒別特別長壽者，故C項與之相符。

17、WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph2?

A^Chronicdiseasesarecomplexgeneticpuzzlestoscientists.

B>Howexceptionallongevity-relatedgenesfunctionisknown.

C、Mostcentenarianshaveexceptionallongevity-relatedgenes.

D^Theintegrationofgenesandenvironmentalfactorsisimportant.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：推理判斷題。第二段第一句后半部分提到，90%的特別長壽者都至少

擁有一種與長壽有關的標志基因圖譜.可見C項與之最為貼近。

18、Perismaymostlikelyagreethat.

A、mostextremelylong-livedbenefitfromnotsmoking

B、environmentalfactorsplayanimportantroleinlongevity

C>longevityisonlyassociatedwithcertaingeneticprofiles

D、intellectuallyactivehasnothingtodowithlivinganoldage

標準答案：B

知識點解析：觀點態度題。第三段第二句表示，Pe「is的前期研究表明長壽秘訣中

有70%可歸功于環境因素。換句話說，長壽與環境因素關系很大，B項正確。

19、ByreferringtocurrentgeneticfindingsofPeris,theauthorintendsto.

A、supporttheideathatextremelylongevityarcascribedtogenes

B、showsomegenesareassociatedwithlowerratesofcertaindiseases

C、supporttheideathatcommongenesarerelatedtoextremelylongevity

D、discusstherelationshipbetweengenesandcertaindiseases

標準答案：A

知識點解析：推理判斷題。第四段第一、二句都表明一個觀點：特別長壽主要歸因

于基因的作用，第三、四句隨后又用例子加以論證，可見作者是支持這一想法的，

故選A項。

20,Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?

A、Genes,theSecretofLongevity

B、EnvironmentandGenes

C^LifestyleandGenes

D、GenesMayPredictWhoLivesto100

標準答案：D

知識點解析：主旨大意題。從開頭、最后以及全文討論內容可以推斷出本文的主旨

在于陳述“基因對人類長壽的影響”，四個選項中，D項與之最為貼切，故為答案。

How'sthisforacoincidence?CharlesDarwinandAbrahamLincolnwereborninthe

sameyear,onthesameday:Feb.12,1809.Althoughpeoplehardlythinkofthemin

tandem,yetinstinctively,wewanttosaythattheybelongtogether.It'snotjustbecause

theywerebothgreatmen,andnotbecausetheyhappentobeexactcontemporaries.

Rather,it'sbecausethescientistandthepoliticianeachtouchedoffarevolutionthat

changedtheworld.Theywerebothrevolutionariesinthesensethatbothmenupended

realitiesthatprevailedwhentheywereborn.Theyseem-andsound—modemtous,

becausetheworldtheyleftbehindthemismoreorlesstheonewcstilllivein.So,

consideringthejointgreatnessoftheircontributions—andthecoincidenceoftheir

conjoinedbirthdays-itishardnottowonder:whowasthegreaterman?It'sanapples-

and-oranges-orSuperman-vs.-Santa-comparison.Butifyoulimitthequestionto

influence,veryquicklythebalancetipsinLincoln'sfavor.Asgreatashisbookon

evolutionis,itdoesnoharmtorememberthatDarwinhurriedtopublishTheOriginof

SpeciesbecausehethoughthewasabouttobescoopedbyhisfellownaturalistAlfred

RusselWallace.Inotherwords,therewasacertaininevitabilitytoDarwin'stheory.Ideas

aboutevolutionsurfacedthroughoutthefirstpartofthe19thcentury,andwhilenoneof

themwasasconvincingasDarwin's—untilWallacecamealong—itwasnotasthoughhe

wastheonlymanwhohadtheidea.Lincoln,incontrast,isunique.Takehimoutofthe

picture,andthereisnotellingwhatmighthavehappenedtothecountry.True,his

electiontothepresidencydidprovokesecessionand,inturn,thewaritself,butthatwar

seemsinevitable—notaquestionofifbutwhen.Onceinoffice,hebecomesthe

indispensableman.Certainlyweknowwhathappenedoncehewasassassinated:

Reconstructionwasadministeredpunitivelyandthenabandoned,leavingtheissueof

racialequalitytodangleforanothercentury.IfDarwinwerenotsoirreplaceableas

Lincoln,thatshouldnotnegatehisaccomplishment.Noonecouldhaveformulatedhis

theoryanymoreelegantly.Theiridenticalbirthdaysaffordusasuperbopportunityto

observethesemeninthesharedcontextoftheirtime—howeachwasshapedbyhis

circumstances,howeachreactedtothebeliefsthatsteeredtheworldintowhichhewas

bomandultimatelyhoweachreshapedhiscornerofthatworldandleftitirrevocably

changed.

21、CharlesDarwinandAbrahamLincolnbelongtogetherinthat.

A、theywerebomonthesameday

B、theylivedinthesameperiodoftime

C>theybroughtuprevolutionstotheworld

D、theywereborntobesuccessfulmen

標準答案：C

知識點解析：事實細節題，考查因果細節。根據人名可定位到第一段。題干中的信

號詞inthat表明這是因果關系考點，應在原文中留意相應的詞出現的語句。原文提

到他們兩位都引發了改變世界的革命，故選C項。

22、Whatdoestheauthormeanby"anapples-and-oranges-orSuperman-vs.-Santa—

comparison"(Para.2)?

A^Itishardtotellwhichoneisgreaterastheyarebothoutstanding.

B、ThecomparisonbetweenDarwinandLincolnismeaningless.

C、ItisdifficulttocomparethemastheyareasfamousasSupermanorSanta.

D^Thereisnopointcomparingthembecausebothofthemarewell-knowntous.

標準答案：A

知識點器析：推理判斷題。根據題干要求定位在第二段。對句意的理解要結合具體

語境。該段最后一句句首的But作為轉折信號詞往往提示重點信息的出現，此處講

的是：如果從影響力角度看則林肯占優勢，故推斷若不提出這種假設，則兩者不分

伯仲，選A項。

23、AlfredRusselWallaceismentionedinordertoshow.

Darwin'sTheOriginofSpecieswasabouttobescooped

B、Darwin'sevolutiontheorywasacceptedamongnaturalists

C、Darwinmightnotbetheonlyonewhohadtheideaofevolution

D、Darwin'sachievementwasfoundeduponnaturalresearches

標準答案：C

知識點解析：事實細節題，考查例證細節。根據人名AlfredRusselWallace定位到

第三段。本題考查舉這一例子是為了說明什么，這類題的答案一般出現在例子前

后。此處作者舉Wallace的例子是為了強調達爾文不是唯一一個提出進化理論的

人,故選C項。

24>Lincoln'scontributiontotheworldcanbebestdescribedas.

A、aggressive

B、ground-breaking

C、dependable

D、legitimate

標準答案：B

知識點解析：推理判斷題。第四段主要論述了林肯的獨一無二和必不可少，強調了

如果沒有他的存在，美國不知道會是什么樣子。ground-breaking”具有開拓意義的”

與原文傳遞的意思一致，故選B項。

25、Whichofthefollowingistrueofthetext?

A、Lincoln'ssuccessinelectionhadmadethewarinevitable.

Lincolnhadstrivedtoaddresstheracialproblems.

C、Darwinwasnotuniquecomparedwithhiscontemporaries.

D、Darwin'stheorycoincidedwithLincoln'sbeliefs.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：事實細節題。文中提到林肯執政時是不可或缺的人物，他遇刺身亡后

種族平等問題又拖延了一個世紀才得以解決，從而可以合理推斷林肯在世時曾致力

于解決種族問題，故選B項。

考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套

一、閱讀（常規閱讀理解）（本題共20題，每題7.0

分,共20分。）

Whenwefailtodemonstraterespectforourselvesweareindirectlyencouragingothersto

disrespectusaswell.Respectmeansshowingregardorconsideration.Ifwedon'tvalue

ourselveswiththisesteemandwedisregardourselves,thenotherswillmostlikelyfollow

suit.Lackofselfrespectcandiscreditanindividualandotherscansenseit.Thisalso

holdstrueforhowwetreatothers.Ifyouhavenorespectorlackofitforyourself,thenit

canbedifficulttoimplementandunderstandtheimportanceofrespectingothers.Respect

shouldnothavetobeearned.Itshouldbegivenoutofsimplekindnessandhuman

nature.Unfortunately,compassionandempathyhasfallenflatintoday'ssociety.Overall,

peopledon'tseemtocaremuchaboutoneanotherandevensadder,theydon'tseemto

caremuchaboutthemselves.Sometimeswemustteachorshowpeoplehowtotreatusby

emulatingit.Thiscanbedoneordisplayedinthewaywcholdourselves.Forinstance,

showingrespectforourselvescanbeintheformofhowyouspeakandact.Whenyou

haveselfrespect,youtendtohaveahighvalueofyourselfanditshowsinyourbehavior.

Youpresentyourselfinawaythattellsothers,"IamworthyandIamadecentperson."

Lackofrespectisalsoevidentinthewayyouspeak.Youmayrefertoyourselforothers

negativelyandmayactordothingsthataredemeaningtoyourselfandthem.Disrespect

directlystates,"Idon'tcareaboutyouoryourfeelings."Peoplearegoingtotreatyou

howeveryouallowthemtowhethergoodorbad.Whenyouexhibitselfrespect,youwill

notunderanycircumstancesstickaroundtoalloworencourageotherstotreatyouina

disrespectfulmanner.Theywillquicklylearnthatyoudonottoleratethattypeof

treatment.Youwillalsobemorelikelytoshowrespecttootherindividualsbecauseyou

realizethattheyarcjustasworthyofitasyouarc.Eventhemostunpleasant,

disrespectfulpersoncanlearnbyexample.Beingtreatedwithdignityandrespect

promotesfeelingsofgoodwillandbeneficence.Asmuchdiscontentanddisregardas

thereisintheworldtoday,Istillliketobelievethatmostpeoplearegenerallygood,kind

andcaring.Whiletheymaynotbethemajority,theyaretheexceptionandifweeach

startwithourselvesitwillbemucheasiertopayitforward.

1、Ifyoulackselfrespect,otherswill.

A、mostlikelyshowdisrespectforyou

B、havenoconfidenceinyourabilities

C、followyouanddisrespectthemselves

D^useeverymeanstotakeadvantageofyou

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據第一段中的“I「…wedisregardourselves,ihenolherswillmost

likelyfollowsuif\如果你不尊重自己，別人也會不尊重你，A應為答案。

2、Accordingtothetext,respectdenotes.

A、aconductinaccordwithaspecificethic

aspecificfeelingofregardforothers

C、anattitudeofadmiration,oresteem

D、asenseofthevalueofsomething

標準答案：C-

知識點解析：根據第一段中的“Respectmeansshowingregardorconsideration”可

知，“respect”指的是對人關心和尊敬的態度。所以，C應為答案。

3、Itisregrettablethatrespectis.

A、somethingwhichhastobeearned

B、replacedbycompassionandempathy

C>takenlightlybymanypeopleatpresent

D、whatfewpeopledeserveintoday'ssociety

標準答案：C

知識點解析：根據第二段中的"Unfbrtunately,compassionandempathyhasfallenflat

intoday'ssociety.Overall,peopledon'tseemtocaremuchaboutoneanother...

知，如今人們似乎彼此缺乏尊重，令人遺憾。所以，C應為答案。

4、Tocultivateselfrespect,youshould.

A、admityourerrorsandmistakes

B、presentyourselfinadecentmanner

C^showlessrespectforyoursuperiors

D、disciplinewhatyousayandwhatyoudo

標準答案：B

知識點解析：根據第二段中的“Whenyouhaveselfrespect,...itshowsinyour

behavior.Youpresentyourselfinawaythattellsothers,'1amworthyandIama

decentperson'“，B應為答案。

5、Accordingtothetext,adisrespectfulperson.

A、showsanexaggeratedopinionofhisability

B、ignoresother'sgoodwillandbeneficence

C>maybeasgood,kindandcaringasothers

D、deservesbeingtreatedwithoutcourtesy

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據第三段前兩句"Disrespectdirectlystates,'Idon'tcareaboutyouor

yourfeelings.,Peoplearegoingtotreatyouhoweveryouallowthemtowhethergood

orbad”可知，你怎樣對待別人，別人就怎樣對待你。所以，D應為答案。

ThereisaperfectsymmetryinwhatremainsofWilliamShakespeare:theimmensityof

hisplaysandthelackofbiographicalinformationabouttheman.Fromacanonasrichas

his,andadocumentaryrecordasmeag