...wd......wd......wd...[試卷總評]:2013年湖北英語試題總體難度較難。沒有偏題、怪題。命題中，注意考察學生的英語素質，注意保證知識覆蓋面，增加綜合性和語境化的因素。聽力局部：語音純粹，語速一般，試題難度適中。。單項選擇：10個，21－30主要以考察詞性為主〔包括名詞，動詞和形容詞〕，同時同時也考察了兩個動詞短語和一個介詞短語。這一局部較難，特別是針對平時不認真去記憶和理解單詞的局部考生來說，就更難了。比方，這第21題，27題，四個選項的單詞又是不常用的單詞，做的時候就不容易正確。完形填空：記敘文。以擬人的方式，記敘了Zigfried這只老鼠看到搬了一家新人來，圣誕過十分滿意，卻不知自己成了別人的圣誕禮物的故事，故事情節清晰，邏輯性強，易于理解。閱讀理解五篇，總體難度適中，A篇這是一篇說明文，介紹了作者的愛好就是記錄下自己的經歷，但作者后來感受到記錄經歷，不如享受現在。四個題較易。B篇是一篇記敘文，記敘了PerriKlassandhermother,SheilaSolomonKlass,兩母女作者的故事。C篇是一篇議論文，討論了我們到一個了怪圈，不是饑餓，而是生活好，讓我們死去的風險更大。D篇是一篇夾敘夾認的記敘文。Mrs.Almond通過網上技術，她自認為得了喉癌，而實際上是肺結核。所以我們不能單一的依賴網絡。這四篇較易。題也較易。D篇是一篇議論文。通過調查發現：隨著年齡的增長，對生活的期望也就下降。文章具有一定的閱讀難度。題也較難。信息匹配題，能很好地考察文章信息匹配和詞形變化。完成句子這一局部，考察得較全面，是不可多得的一局部，能真正考察學生的知識與能力。作文是一篇開放式作文，給出寫作的事例和要求，要求考生要有相應的知識儲藏，這一局部對考生的要求較高。總之，2013高考湖北英語試題能很好考察學生英語知識水平和英語素質的英語試題。絕密★啟用前2013年普通高等學校招生全國統一考試〔湖北卷〕英語本試題卷共16頁，81題。全卷總分值150分。考試用時120分鐘。★祝考試順利★本卷須知：1.答卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在試題卷和答題卡上，并將準考證號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。用統一提供的2B鉛筆將答題卡上試卷類型A后的方框涂黑。2.選擇題的作答：每題選出答案后，用統一提供的2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標號。答在試題卷、草稿紙上無效。3.完成句子和短文寫作題的作答：用統一提供的簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對應的答題區域內。答在試題卷、草稿紙上無效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔?？荚囃戤吅?，請將本試題卷和答題卡一并上交。第一局部：聽力〔共兩節，總分值30分〕做題時，先將答案劃在試卷上。錄音內容完畢后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節〔共5小題；每題1.5分，總分值7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最正確選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來答復有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15．B.￡9.15．C.￡9.18．答案：B1.Whydoesn’tJohngotoschooltoday?A.It’stheweekend.B.He’stootiredforschool.C.Hisschooliscloseddown.2.Whatwillthemandotomorrowmorning?A.GiveFrankabath.B.CookFrankameal.C.TakeFranktoavet.3.Whatisthemalespeaker?A.Astudent.B.Apresident.C.Aprofessor.4.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Thedoorisunlocked.B.Heisnottheonetoblame.C.Somebodyhasjustleftthelab.5.Onwhichflooristhewoman’sapartment?A.Thesecond.B.Thefourth.C.Thesixth.第二節〔共15小題；每題1.5分，總分值22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最正確選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，答復第6、7題。6.Whatistheman’sproblem?A.Heistoobusytowait.B.Hecannotfindhispills.C.Hehasapaininhisback.7.WhydoesDoctorGreenbreaktherulefortheman?A.Heisverypolite.B.Heisgoingonavacation.C.Heisunabletoaffordafullcheckup.聽第7段材料，答復第8、9題。8.Whydoesthewomancall?A.Toofferajob.B.Toraisemoney.C.Tomakeanappointment.9.Whereisthemanexpectedtogotomorrow?A.Theagency.B.GrandHotel.C.TheCityHall.聽第8段材料，答復第10至12題。10.Howdoesthewomanfeelwhenaskedabouttheofferpriceofherflat?A.Stressed.B.Uncertain.C.Embarrassed.11.Whatisthegreatestadvantageofthewoman’sflat?A.Itssize.B.Itscondition.C.Itslocation.12.Whowillthewomanconsultlater?A.Heragent.B.Herhusband.C.Herneighbour.聽第9段材料，答復第13至16題。13.WhoisAlexander?A.Thewoman’sboss.B.Thewoman’shost.C.Thewoman’scook.14.Whatextradishistobeprepared?A.Fish.B.Steak.C.Shrimps.15.Whathappenedinthewoman’sdepartmentlastyear?A.Itfacedariskofbeingshutdown.B.Itintroducedanewsystem.C.Itfiredasalesmanager.16.Whatistheman’sattitudetowardsthepreparationforthedinner?A.Heiscritical.B.Heispractical.C.Heisenthusiastic.聽第10段材料，答復第17至20題。17.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutDavidMellor’seyes?A.Theyarered.B.Theyaresmall.C.Theyareround.18.WhatisspecialaboutDavidMellor’smouth?A.Verybig.B.Ratherflat.C.Abitraised.19.WhatdoesDavidMelloralwaysdobeforehebeginsaspeech?A.Smoothshismoustache.B.Clearshisthroat.C.Biteshislips.20.WhatkindofpersonisDavidMelloraccordingtothespeaker?A.Gentleandugly.B.Humorousandaggressive.C.Well-knownandfunny-looking.第二局部：詞匯知識運用(共兩節，總分值30分)第一節：多項選擇〔共10小題；每題1分，總分值10分)從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最正確選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。例：Tomakemembersofateamperformbetter,thetrainerfirstofallhastoknowtheir_____andweaknesses．A.strengthsB.benefitsC.techniquesD.values答案：A21.Poetrywrittenfromthe______oftheurbanyouthtendstorevealtheiranxietyoveralackofsenseofbelonging.A.perspectiveB.priorityC.participationD.privilege22.Carbondioxide,whichmakesa______betweenusandthesun,preventsheatfromgettingoutoftheatmosphereeasily,sotheearthisbecomingwarmer.A.differenceB.comparisonC.connectionD.barrier23.Whileintelligentpeoplecanoften______thecomplex,afoolismorelikelytocomplicatethesimple.A.sacrificeB.substituteC.simplifyD.survive24.Accordingtothelaw,allforeignershaveto______withthelocalpolicewithintwoweeksofarrival.A.associateB.disputeC.negotiateD.register25.Butterflies______asweetliquidproducedbyflowers,whichbeesandotherinsectscollect.A.carryonB.feedonC.putonD.focuson26.Inmuchoftheanimalworld,nightisthetime______forsleep—pureandsimple.A.setasideB.setdownC.setoffD.setup27.Peoplecomplainthatdecisionstoapproveordenyapermitareoften______ratherthanbasedonfixedcriteria.A.appropriateB.consciousC.arbitraryD.controversial28.Hedidn’tselfishlykeepforhimselfthemoneyinheritedfromhisuncle.Instead,hemadea______contributiontohelpthecommunity.A.commercialB.generousC.comparableD.profitable29.Don’tdefendhimanymore.It’sobviousthathe______destroyedthefenceofthegardenevenwithoutapology.A.accidentallyB.carelesslyC.deliberatelyD.clumsily30.Anartistwhowasrecentlytravelingonaferrytothesouthernislanddiscovered______alonglostantiqueGreekvase.A.atrandomB.bychanceC.inturnD.onoccasion第二節：完形填空〔共20小題；每題1分，總分值20分〕閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的四個選項〔A、B、C和D〕中，選出可以填入空白處的最正確選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Zigfried,alittlemouse,blewhisbreathonthefrostywindowofthefarmhouseandrubbedittoseetheoutside.Stillnobodycame.Maybetoday,hethought31.ItwasonlyafewdaysbeforeChristmasandhewaswatchingforamiracle(奇跡).Thisfarmhousehadbeen32toolong.Itneededafamily.Zigfried’s33madeanoise.Herealizedthathehadn’teatenanythingsinceyesterday.Hejumpedfromthewindowsill(窗沿),grabbeda34fromhishome,andwentnextdoortoFarmerMike’s.FarmerMike’shousehadbeenagreatplaceforthelittlemouse35thefarmermarriedawifewhohadacat.Zigfried36whenhethoughtofit.Helookedaroundcautiouslyashe37intotheroomwheregrainwasstoredandwasquite38ashefilledhisbagwithwheat.Hewasturningtoleavewhensuddenlyhe39ahotbreathabouthisear.Hisheartbeat40,andwithoutthinkinghestartedtorunandluckily41thecat’spaws(ThenextafternoonZigfriedheardsomegoodnews:a42familywouldbemovingintothefarmhousesoon.Zigfried’sgrannywouldarriveonChristmasEveto43withhim.Hehopedthatthefamilywouldcomebeforehisgrannycame.Beforelong,acarcame44theroadleadingtothehouse,withbuttersandwiches,cheeseandchocolate.Zigfried’sChristmasmiracledidarrive!Thehousecame45thenextfewdays.Zigfried46everysinglehourofthem.47,thedaybeforeChristmaswhenhewasdrinkinghotchocolatewitha48smileatthedoorofhishome,heheardthe49ofthechildrenofthefamilyaboutwhattheymightgetforChristmas.What?Acat?The50frozeonhisface；hismouthfellwideopen.Afteralongwhile,heatlastfoundhisvoice:“Hey!WhoseChristmasmiracleisthis?〞31.A.carefullyB.excitedlyC.hopefullyD.proudly32.A.shabbyB.noisyC.messyD.empty33.A.mouthB.noseC.stomachD.throat34.A.bagB.stickC.bowlD.coat35.A.althoughB.untilC.whereasD.unless36.A.leaptB.sniffedC.trembledD.withdrew37.A.brokeB.marchedC.pacedD.stole38.A.curiousB.nervousC.pitifulD.sensible39.A.tookB.releasedC.feltD.drew40.A.stronglyB.irregularlyC.slowlyD.wildly41.A.escapedB.seizedC.rubbedD.scratched42.A.closeB.happyC.newD.young43.A.celebrateB.communicateC.competeD.compromise44.A.acrossB.fromC.offD.up45.A.aliveB.looseC.openD.still46.A.countedB.enjoyedC.missedD.wasted47.A.HoweverB.InsteadC.MoreoverD.Therefore48.A.bitterB.forcedC.politeD.satisfied49.A.introductionB.discussionC.commentD.debate50.A.bloodB.smileC.tearD.sweat第三局部：閱讀理解(共20小題；每題2分，總分值40分)閱讀以下短文，從每篇短文后所給各題的四個選項〔A、B、C和D〕中，選出最正確選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ASomeyearsago,writinginmydiaryusedtobeausualactivity.Iwouldreturnfromschoolandspendtheexpectedhalfhourrecordingtheday’sevents,feelings,andimpressionsinmylittlebluediary.Ididnotreallyneedtoexpressmyemotionsbywayofwords,butIgainedacertainsatisfactionfromseeingmyexperiencesforeverrecordedonpaper.Afterall,isn’taccumulatingmemoriesawayofpreservingthepast?WhenIwasthirteenyearsold,Iwentonalongjourneyonfootinagreatvalley,well-equippedwithpens,adiary,andacamera.Duringthetrip,Iwasbusyrecordingeveryincident,nameandplaceIcameacross.Ifeltproudtobespendingmytimeproductively,dutifullypreservingforfuturegenerationsadetaileddescriptionofmytravels.Onmylastnightthere,Iwanderedoutofmytent,diaryinhand.Theskywasclearandlitbytheglareofthemoon,andthewallsofthevalleylookedthreateningbehindtheirscreenofshadows.Iautomaticallytookoutmypen…Atthatpoint,IunderstoodthatnothingIwrotecouldevermatchorreplacethefewsecondsIallowedmyselftoexperiencethedramaticbeautyofthevalley.AllIrememberedofthepreviousfewdayswerethedullcharacterizationsIhadsetdowninmydiary.Now,IonlywriteinmydiarywhenIneedtowritedownaspecialthoughtorfeeling.Istilllovetorecordideasandquotationsthatstrikemeinbooks,orobservationsthatareparticularlymeaningful.Itakepictures,butnotveryoften—onlyofobjectsIfindreallybeautiful.I’mnolongerblindlysatisfiedwithhavingsomethingtorememberwhenIgrowold.IrealizethatlifewillsimplypassmebyifIstaybehindthecamera,busypreservingthepresentsoastoliveitinthefuture.Idon’twanttowakeuponedayandhavenothingbutapileofpicturesandnotes.MaybeIwon’thaveasmanyexactrepresentationsofpeopleandplaces；maybeI’llforgetcertainfacts,butatleasttheexperienceswillalwaysremaininsideme.Idon’tlivetomakememories—Ijustlive,andthememoriesformthemselves.51.Beforetheageofthirteen,theauthorregardedkeepingadiaryasawayof______.A.observingherschoolroutineB.expressinghersatisfactionC.impressingherclassmatesD.preservingherhistory52.Whatcausedachangeintheauthor’sunderstandingofkeepingadiary?A.Adullnightonthejourney.B.Thebeautyofthegreatvalley.C.Astrikingquotationfromabook.D.Herconcernsforfuturegenerations.53.Whatdoestheauthorputinherdiarynow?A.Notesandbeautifulpictures.B.Specialthoughtsandfeelings.C.Detailedaccountsofdailyactivities.D.Descriptionsofunforgettableevents.54.Theauthorcomestorealizethattoliveameaningfullifeis______.A.toexperienceitB.tolivethepresentinthefutureC.tomakememoriesD.togiveaccuraterepresentationsofitBMothersanddaughtersgothroughsomuch—yetwhenwasthelasttimeamotheranddaughtersatdowntowriteabooktogetheraboutitall?PerriKlassandhermother,SheilaSolomonKlass,bothgiftedprofessionalwriters,provetobeidealco-writersastheyexaminetheirdecadesofmotherhood,daughterhood,andthewonderfulwaystheirliveshaveoverlapped(重疊).Perrinoteswithamazementhowcloselyherownlifehasmirroredhermother’s:bothhavefull-timecareers；bothhavepublishedbooks,articles,andstories；eachhasthreechildren；theybothlovetoread.Theyalsolovetotravel—infact,theyoftentaketripstogether.Butintruth,thehardertheylookattheirlives,themoretheyacknowledgetheirbigdifferencesincircumstanceandbasicnature.AchildoftheDepression(大蕭條),SheilawasraisedinBrooklynbyparentswhoconsiderededucationaluxuryforgirls.Startingwithhercollegeeducation,shehasfoughtforeverythingshe’severaccomplished.Perri,ontheotherhand,grewupprivilegedintheNewJerseysuburbsofthe1960sand1970s.ForSheila,wastingtimeormoneyisacrime,andluxuryisunthinkablewhilePerrienjoystheoccasionalsmallluxury,buthasnotbeensuccessfulattryingtopersuadehermotherintoenjoyingeventhetiniestthingshelikes.Eachwritinginherownunmistakablevoice,PerriandSheilataketurnsexploringthejoysandpains,theloveandbitterness,theminortroublesandlastingrespectthathavealwaysbondedthemtogether.SheiladescribestheadventureofgivingbirthtoPerriinatinytowninTrinidadwhereherhusbandwasdoingresearchfieldwork.Perriadmitsthatshecan’tsortoutallthemessinthehouseholds,eventhoughsheknowsitdriveshermothercrazy.Togethertheycomparethoughtsonbringingupchildrenandworking,admitlong-hiddensorrows,andenjoypreciousmemories.Lookingdeepintothelivestheyhavelivedseparatelyandtogether,PerriandSheilatelltheirmother-daughterstorywithhonesty,humor,enthusiasm,andadmirationforeachother.Awrittenaccountintwovoices,EveryMotherIsaDaughterisaduet(二重奏)thatproducesadeep,strongsoundwiththeexperiencesthatallmothersanddaughterswillrecognize.55.WhydoesPerrithinkthatherownlifehasmirroredhermother’s?A.Theybothhavegonethroughdifficulttimes.B.Theyhavestrongemotionaltieswitheachother.C.Theyhavethesamejoysandpains,andloveandbitterness.D.Theybothhaveexperiencesasdaughter,motherandwriter.56.Theword“luxury〞inParagraph3means______.A.somethingrarebutnotpleasantB.somethingthatcannotbeimaginedC.somethingexpensivebutnotnecessaryD.somethingthatcanonlybeenjoyedbyboys57.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Thecontentofthebook.B.Thepurposeofthebook.C.Theinfluenceofthebook.D.Thewritingstyleofthebook.58.Howarewomen’slivesexploredinthisbook?A.Inamusicalform.B.Throughfieldresearch.C.Withuniquewritingskills.D.Fromdifferentpointsofview.CWe’vereachedastrange—somewouldsayunusual—point.WhilefightingworldhungercontinuestobethematterofvitalimportanceaccordingtoarecentreportfromtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),morepeoplenowdiefrombeingoverweight,orsay,frombeingextremelyfat,thanfrombeingunderweight.It’sthegoodlifethat’smorelikelytokillusthesedays.Worse,nearlyl8millionchildrenundertheageoffivearoundtheworldareestimatedtobeoverweight.What’sgoingon?Wereallydon’thavemanyexcusesforourweightproblems.Thedangersoftheproblemhavebeendrilledintousbypublic-healthcampaignssince2001andthemessageisgettingthrough—uptoapoint.Inthe1970s,Finland,forexample,hadthehighestrateofheartdiseaseintheworldandbeingoverweightwasitsmaincause.Notanymore.Apublic-healthcampaignhasgreatlyreducedthenumberofheartdiseasedeathsby80percentoverthepastthreedecades.MaybethatexplainswhythepercentageofpeopleinFinlandtakingdietpillsdoubledbetween2001and2005,anddoctorsevenoffersurgeryofremovingfatinsideandchangetheshapeofthebody.Thathasbecomeasortoffashion.Nowonderitranksastheworld’smostbody-consciouscountry.Weknowwhatweshouldbedoingtoloseweight—butactuallydoingitisanothermatter.Byfarthemostpopularexcuseisnottakingenoughexercise.Morethanhalfofusadmitwelackwillpower.Othersblamegoodfood.Theysay:it’sjusttooinvitinganditmakesthemovereat.StillotherslaytheblameontheAmericans,complainingthatpoundshavepiledonthankstoeatingtoomuchAmerican-stylefastfood.Somealsoblametheirparents—theirgenes.Butunfortunately,theparentsarewrongedbecausethey’renormalinshape,orratherslim.It’sasimilarstoryaroundtheworld,althoughpeoplearerelativelyunlikelytohavetriedtoloseweight.Parentsareeagertoseetheirkidsshapeup.DoasIsay—notasIdo.59.Whatisthe“strange〞pointmentionedinthefirstsentence?A.Thegoodlifeisagreaterriskthanthebadlife.B.Starvationistakingmorepeople’slivesintheworld.C.WHOreportshowspeople’sunawarenessoffoodsafety.D.OverweightissueremainsunresolveddespiteWHO’sefforts.60.Whydoestheauthorthinkthatpeoplehavenoexcuseforbeingoverweight?A.Alotofeffectivedietpillsareavailable.B.Bodyimagehasnothingtodowithgoodfood.C.Theyhavebeenmadefullyawareofitsdangers.D.Therearetoomanyoverweightpeopleintheworld.61.TheexampleofFinlandisusedtoillustrate______.A.thecauseofheartdiseaseB.thefashionofbodyshapingC.theeffectivenessofacampaignD.thehistoryofabody-consciouscountry62.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ActionsorExcuses?B.OverweightorUnderweight?C.WHOinaDilemmaD.NoLongerDyingofHungerDThetechnologyisgreat.Withoutitwewouldn’thavebeenabletoputamanonthemoon,exploretheocean’sdepthsoreatmicrowavesausages.Computershaverevolutionizedourlivesandtheyhavethepowertoeducateandpassonknowledge.Butsometimesthispowercancreatemoreproblemsthanitsolves.Everydoctorhashadtotrytheirbesttocalmdownpatientswho’vecomeintotheirsurgerywavinganInternetprint-out,convincedthattheyhavesomerareincurabledisease,say,throatcancer.Thetruthisusuallyfarmoreordinary,though:theydon’thavethroatcancer,andit’sjustthattheirthroatsareswollen.BeingagraduateoftheInternet“school〞ofmedicinedoesnotguaranteeaccurateself-health-checks.OnedayMrs.Almondcametomyhospitalafterfeelingfaintatwork.WhileItookherbloodsampleandtriedtofindoutwhatwaswrong,shesaidcalmly,“Iknowwhat’swrong；I’vegotthroatcancer.Iknowthere’snothingyoudoctorscandoaboutitandI’vejustgottowaituntilthedaycomes.〞AsamatterofroutineIorderedachestX-ray.Ilookedatitandthebloodresultsanhourlater.Somethingwasn’tright.“DidyourlocaldoctordoanX-ray?〞Iasked.“Oh,Ihaven’tbeentothedoctorforyears,〞shereplied.“Ireadaboutitonawebsiteandthesymptomsfitted,soIknewthat’swhatIhad.〞However,someofhersymptoms,liketheseverecoughandweightloss,didn’tfitwithit—butshe’djustignoredthis.IlookedattheX-rayagain,andmoretestsconfirmeditwasn’tthecancerbuttuberculosis(肺結核)—somethingthatmostcertainlydidneedtreating,andcouldbedeadly.Shewasluckywecaughtitwhenwedid.Mrs.AlmondwentpalewhenIexplainedshewouldhavetobeontreatmentforthenextsixmonthstoensurethatshewasfullyrecovered.Itwascertainlyalessonforher.“I’msoembarrassed,〞shesaid,shakingherhead,asIexplainedthatallthepeopleshehadcomeintoclosecontactwithwouldhavetobefoundoutandtested.Shelisteduptoabout20,andthenIwenttomyofficetotypeupmynotes.Unexpectedly,thecomputerwasnotworking,soIhadtowaituntilsomeonefromtheITdepartmentcametofixit.Typical.MaybeIshouldhaveamicrowavesausagewhileIwaited?63.Mrs.Almondtalkedaboutherillnesscalmlybecause______.A.shethoughtsheknewitwellB.shehadpurchasedmedicineonlineC.shegraduatedfromamedicalschoolD.shehadbeentreatedbylocaldoctors64.ItwasluckyforMrs.Almond______.A.tohavecontactedmanyfriendsB.tohaverecoveredinashorttimeC.tohaveherassumptionconfirmedD.tohaveherdiseaseidentifiedintime65.Mrs.Almondsaid“I’msoembarrassed〞(Para.7)because______.A.shehaddistrustedherclosefriendsB.shehadcausedunnecessarytroubleC.shehadtorefusethedoctor’sadviceD.shehadtotellthetruthtothedoctor66.Bymentioningthebreakdownofthecomputer,theauthorprobablywantstoprove______.A.it’samusttotakeabreakatworkB.it’svitaltobelieveinITprofessionalsC.it’sunwisetosimplyrelyontechnologyD.it’sadangertoworklonghoursoncomputersEAGermanstudysuggeststhatpeoplewhoweretoooptimisticabouttheirfutureactuallyfacedgreaterriskofdisabilityordeathwithin10yearsthanthosepessimistswhoexpectedtheirfuturetobeworse.Thepaper,publishedthisMarchinPsychologyandAging,examinedhealthandwelfaresurveysfromroughly40,000Germansbetweenages18and96.Thesurveyswereconductedeveryyearfrom1993to2003.Surveyrespondents(受訪者)wereaskedtoestimatetheirpresentandfuturelifesatisfactiononascaleof0to10,amongotherquestions.Theresearchersfoundthatyoungadults(age18to39)routinelyoverestimatedtheirfuturelifesatisfaction,whilemiddle-agedadults(age40to64)moreaccuratelypredictedhowtheywouldfeelinthefuture.Adultsof65andolder,however,werefarmorelikelytounderestimatetheirfuturelifesatisfaction.Notonlydidtheyfeelmoresatisfiedthantheythoughttheywould,theolderpessimistsseemedtosufferalowerratio(比率)ofdisabilityanddeathforthestudyperiod.“Weobservedthatbeingtoooptimisticinpredictingabetterfuturethanactuallyobservedwasassociatedwithagreaterriskofdisabilityandagreaterriskofdeathwithinthefollowingdecade,〞wroteFriederR.Lang,aprofessorattheUniversityofErlangen-Nuremberg.Langandhiscolleaguesbelievedthatpeoplewhowerepessimisticabouttheirfuturemaybemorecarefulabouttheiractionsthanpeoplewhoexpectedarosyfuture.“Seeingadarkfuturemayencouragepositiveevaluationsoftheactualselfandmaycontributetotakingimprovedprecautions(預防措施),〞theauthorswrote.Surprisingly,comparedwiththoseinpoorhealthorwhohadlowincomes,respondentswhoenjoyedgoodhealthorincomewereassociatedwithexpectingagreaterdecline.Also,theresearcherssaidthathigherincomewasrelatedtoagreaterriskofdisability.Theauthorsofthestudynotedthattherewerelimitationstotheirconclusions.Illness,medicaltreatmentandpersonallosscouldalsohavedrivenhealthoutcomes.However,theresearcherssaidapatternwasclear.“Wefoundthatfromearlytolateadulthood,individualsadapttheirexpectationsoffuturelifesatisfactionfromoptimistic,toaccurate,topessimistic,〞theauthorsconcluded.67.Accordingtothestudy,whomadethemostaccuratepredictionoftheirfuturelif