交通工程學(xué)院在線開(kāi)放課程

OnlineOpenCourseofSchoolofTransportationEngineering《工程項(xiàng)目管理》

EngineeringProjectManagement江蘇建筑職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院交通工程學(xué)院

SchoolofTransportationEngineering

JiangsuVocationalandTechnicalCollegeofArchitecture

主講人：靳會(huì)武

Speaker:JinHuiwu職業(yè)健康安全與環(huán)境管理occupationhealthsafetyandenvironmentmanagement

【核心知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

[Coreknowledgepoints]職業(yè)健康安全與環(huán)境管理目的Objectivesofoccupationalhealthsafetyandenvironmentalmanagement職業(yè)健康安全與環(huán)境管理任務(wù)Occupationalhealthandsafetyandenvironmentalmanagementtasks

建設(shè)工程職業(yè)健康安全與環(huán)境管理Occupationalhealthandsafetyandenvironmentalmanagementofconstructionproject

1.建設(shè)工程職業(yè)健康安全管理的目的1.Purposeofoccupationalhealthandsafetymanagementofconstructionproject

職業(yè)健康安全管理的目的是在生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)中通過(guò)職業(yè)健康安全生產(chǎn)的管理活動(dòng),對(duì)影響生產(chǎn)的具體因素進(jìn)行狀態(tài)控制,使生產(chǎn)因素中的不安全行為和狀態(tài)盡可能減少或消除,且不引發(fā)事故,以保證生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)中人員的健康和安全。Thepurposeofoccupationalhealthandsafetymanagementistocontrolthespecificfactorsaffectingproductionthroughthemanagementactivitiesofoccupationalhealthandsafetyproductioninproductionactivities,sothattheunsafebehaviorandstateinproductionfactorscanbereducedoreliminatedasmuchaspossible,andnoaccidentscanbecausedtoensurethehealthandsafetyofpersonnelinproductionactivities.

對(duì)于建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目,職業(yè)健康安全管理的目的是防止和盡可能減少生產(chǎn)安全事故、保護(hù)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)者的健康與安全、保障人民群眾的生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)免受損失;控制影響或可能影響工作場(chǎng)所內(nèi)的員工或其他工作人員(包括臨時(shí)工和承包方員工)、訪問(wèn)者或任何其他人員的健康安全的條件和因素;避免因管理不當(dāng)對(duì)在組織控制下工作的人員健康和安全造成危害。

Forconstructionprojects,thepurposeofoccupationalhealthandsafetymanagementisto

preventandminimizeproductionsafetyaccidents,protectthehealthandsafetyofproductproducers,andprotectpeople'slivesandpropertyfromlosses;controlconditionsandfactorsthataffectormayaffectthehealthandsafetyofemployeesorotherstaffintheworkplace(includingcasualandcontractoremployees),visitorsoranyotherperson;avoidharmtothehealthandsafetyofpersonnelworkingunderthecontroloftheorganizationduetoimpropermanagement.2.建設(shè)工程環(huán)境管理的目的2.Thepurposeofenvironmentalmanagementofconstructionprojects環(huán)境保護(hù)是我國(guó)的一項(xiàng)基本國(guó)策。環(huán)境管理的目的是保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境,使社會(huì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與人類的生存環(huán)境相協(xié)調(diào)。對(duì)于建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目,環(huán)境保護(hù)主要是指保護(hù)和改善施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的環(huán)境。企業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)遵照國(guó)家和地方的相關(guān)法律法規(guī)以及行業(yè)和企業(yè)自身的要求采取措施控制施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的各種粉塵、廢水、廢氣、固體廢棄物以及噪聲、振動(dòng)對(duì)環(huán)境的污染和危害,并且要注意節(jié)約資源和避免資源的浪費(fèi)。projectsEnvironmentalprotectionisabasicnationalpolicyofourcountry.Thepurposeofenvironmentalmanagementistoprotecttheecologicalenvironmentandcoordinatetheeconomicdevelopmentofsocietywiththelivingenvironmentofhumanbeings.Forconstructionprojects,environmentalprotectionmainlyreferstoprotectingandimprovingtheenvironmentoftheconstructionsite.Enterprisesshouldfollowtherelevantnationalandlocallawsandregulationsaswellastherequirementsoftheindustryandenterprisestotakemeasurestocontroltheconstructionsiteofvariousdust,wastewater,wastegas,solidwasteandnoise,vibrationpollutionandharmtotheenvironment,andshouldpayattentiontosavingresourcesandavoidwasteofresources.

職業(yè)健康安全與環(huán)境管理的特點(diǎn)和要求

一、建設(shè)工程職業(yè)健康安全與環(huán)境管理的特點(diǎn)

依據(jù)建設(shè)工程產(chǎn)品的特性,建設(shè)工程職業(yè)健康安全與環(huán)境管理有以下特點(diǎn):

1.復(fù)雜性

建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的職業(yè)健康安全和環(huán)境管理涉及大量的露天作業(yè),受到氣候條件、工程地質(zhì)和水文地質(zhì)、地理?xiàng)l件和地域資源等不可控因素的影響較大。Thecharacteristicsandrequirementsofoccupationalhealth,safetyandenvironmentalmanagementThecharacteristicsofoccupationalhealth,safetyandenvironmentalmanagementofconstructionprojectsAccordingtothecharacteristicsofconstructionengineeringproducts,theoccupationalhealth,safetyandenvironmentalmanagementofconstructionprojectshasthefollowingcharacteristics:1.Occupationalhealth,safetyandenvironmentalmanagementofcomplexconstructionprojectsinvolvesalargenumberofopen-airoperations,whicharegreatlyaffectedbyuncontrollablefactorssuchasclimaticconditions,engineeringgeologyandhydrogeology,geographicalconditionsandregionalresources.

2.多變性(Variability)

一方面是項(xiàng)目建設(shè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)材料、設(shè)備和工具的流動(dòng)性大;另一方面由于技術(shù)進(jìn)步,項(xiàng)目不斷引入新材料、新設(shè)備和新工藝,這都加大了相應(yīng)的管理難度。Ontheonehand,themobilityofmaterials,equipmentandtoolsintheprojectconstructionsiteislarge;ontheotherhand,duetotechnologicalprogress,theprojectcontinuestointroducenewmaterials,newequipmentandnewprocesses,whichhaveincreasedthecorrespondingmanagementdifficulty.

3.協(xié)調(diào)性(co-ordinated)

項(xiàng)目建設(shè)涉及的工種甚多,包括大量的高空作業(yè)、地下作業(yè)、用電作業(yè)、爆破作業(yè)、施工機(jī)械、起重作業(yè)等較危險(xiǎn)的工程,并且各工種經(jīng)常需要交叉或平行作業(yè)。

Theconstructionprojectsinvolvesmanytypesofwork,includingalargenumberofhigh-altitudeoperations,undergroundoperations,electricaloperations,blastingoperations,constructionmachinery,liftingoperationsandothermoredangerousprojects,andvarioustypesofworkoftenneedtocrossorparalleloperations.

4.持續(xù)性(continuous)

項(xiàng)目建設(shè)一般具有建設(shè)周期長(zhǎng)的特點(diǎn),從設(shè)計(jì)、實(shí)施直至投產(chǎn)階段,諸多工序環(huán)環(huán)相扣。前一道工序的隱患,可能在后續(xù)的工序中暴露,釀成安全事故。Theconstructionprojectsgenerallyhasthecharacteristicsoflongconstructionperiod,fromdesign,implementationtoproductionstage,manyprocessesareinterlocking.Thehiddendangerofthepreviousprocessmaybeexposedinthesubsequentprocess,resultinginsafetyaccidents.

5.經(jīng)濟(jì)性(economy)

產(chǎn)品的時(shí)代性、社會(huì)性與多樣性決定環(huán)境管理的經(jīng)濟(jì)性。Thetimes,socialityanddiversityofeconomicproductsdeterminetheeconomyofenvironmentalmanagement.

6.多樣性(diversity)

產(chǎn)品的時(shí)代性和社會(huì)性決定了環(huán)境管理的多樣性。Thetimesandsocialityofdiversifiedproductsdeterminethediversityofenvironmentalmanagement.

二、建設(shè)工程職業(yè)健康安全與環(huán)境管理的要求2.Requirementsforoccupationalhealth,safetyandenvironmentalmanagementofconstructionprojects

1.建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目決策階段1.Decision-makingstageofConstructionprojects

建設(shè)單位應(yīng)按照有關(guān)建設(shè)工程法律法規(guī)的規(guī)定和強(qiáng)制性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求,辦理各種有關(guān)安全與環(huán)境保護(hù)方面的審批手續(xù)。對(duì)需要進(jìn)行環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)或安全預(yù)評(píng)價(jià)的建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目,應(yīng)組織或委托有相應(yīng)資質(zhì)的單位進(jìn)行建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)和安全預(yù)評(píng)價(jià)。Constructioncompanyshouldhandlevariousapprovalproceduresforsafetyandenvironmentalprotectioninaccordancewiththeprovisionsofrelevantlawsandregulationsofconstructionprojectsandtherequirementsofmandatorystandards.Forconstructionprojectsthatneedenvironmentalimpactassessmentorsafetypre-assessment,correspondingqualifiedunitsshouldbeorganizedorentrustedtocarryoutenvironmentalimpactassessmentandsafetypre-assessmentofconstructionprojects.2.建設(shè)工程設(shè)計(jì)階段(thedesignstageofconstructionengineering)

設(shè)計(jì)單位應(yīng)按照有關(guān)建設(shè)工程法律法規(guī)的規(guī)定和強(qiáng)制性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求,進(jìn)行環(huán)境保護(hù)設(shè)施和安全設(shè)施的設(shè)計(jì),防止因設(shè)計(jì)考慮不周而導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)安全事故的發(fā)生或?qū)Νh(huán)境造成不良影響。

在進(jìn)行工程設(shè)計(jì)時(shí),設(shè)計(jì)單位應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮施工安全和防護(hù)需要,對(duì)涉及施工安全的重點(diǎn)部分和環(huán)節(jié)在設(shè)計(jì)文件中應(yīng)進(jìn)行注明,并對(duì)防范生產(chǎn)安全事故提出指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)。Thedesigncompanyshoulddesignenvironmentalprotectionfacilitiesandsafetyfacilitiesinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofrelevantconstructionengineeringlawsandregulationsandtherequirementsofmandatorystandards,soastopreventtheoccurrenceofproductionsafetyaccidentsoradverseeffectsontheenvironmentcausedbyimproperdesignconsiderations.Intheprocessofengineeringdesign,thedesignunitshouldconsidertheneedsofconstructionsafetyandprotection,andthekeypartsandlinksinvolvingconstructionsafetyshouldbeindicatedinthedesigndocuments,andtheguidanceforpreventingproductionsafetyaccidentsshouldbeputforward.對(duì)于采用新結(jié)構(gòu)、新材料、新工藝的建設(shè)工程和特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的建設(shè)工程,設(shè)計(jì)單位應(yīng)在設(shè)計(jì)中提出保障施工作業(yè)人員安全和預(yù)防生產(chǎn)安全事故的措施建議。

在工程總概算中,應(yīng)明確工程安全環(huán)保設(shè)施費(fèi)用、安全施工和環(huán)境保護(hù)措施費(fèi)等。設(shè)計(jì)單位和注冊(cè)建筑師等執(zhí)業(yè)人員應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)其設(shè)計(jì)負(fù)責(zé)。

Fortheconstructionprojectsusingnewstructures,newmaterials,newprocessesandspecialstructures,thedesignunitshouldputforwardmeasuresandsuggestionstoensurethesafetyofconstructionworkersandpreventproductionsafetyaccidentsinthedesign.Inthetotalbudgetoftheproject,thecostofsafetyandenvironmentalprotectionfacilities,safetyconstructionandenvironmentalprotectionmeasuresshouldbeclarified.Designunitsandregisteredarchitectsandotherpractitionersshouldberesponsiblefortheirdesign.

3.建設(shè)工程施工階段(Constructionstageofconstructionproject

)

建設(shè)單位在申請(qǐng)領(lǐng)取施工許可證時(shí),應(yīng)當(dāng)提供建設(shè)工程有關(guān)安全施工措施的資料。

對(duì)于依法批準(zhǔn)開(kāi)工報(bào)告的建設(shè)工程,建設(shè)單位應(yīng)當(dāng)自開(kāi)工報(bào)告批準(zhǔn)之目起15日內(nèi),將保證安全施工的措施報(bào)送建設(shè)工程所在地的縣級(jí)以上人民政府建設(shè)行政主管部門(mén)或者其他有關(guān)部門(mén)備案。

Theconstructioncompanyshallprovideinformationonthesafetyconstructionmeasuresoftheconstructionprojectwhenapplyingfortheconstructionpermit.Fortheconstructionprojectsthathaveapprovedthestart-upreportaccordingtolaw,theconstructionunitshallsubmitthemeasurestoensuresafeconstructiontotheconstructionadministrativedepartmentofthepeople'sgovernmentatorabovethecountylevelorotherrelevantdepartmentsfortherecordwithin15daysfromthedateofapprovalofthestart-upreport.

對(duì)于應(yīng)當(dāng)拆除的工程,建設(shè)單位應(yīng)當(dāng)在拆除工程施工15日前,將拆除施工單位資質(zhì)等級(jí)證明,擬拆除建筑物、構(gòu)筑物及可能涉及毗鄰建筑的說(shuō)明,拆除施工組織方案,堆放、清除廢棄物的措施的資料報(bào)送建設(shè)工程所在地的縣級(jí)以上的地方人民政府主管部門(mén)或者其他有關(guān)部門(mén)備案。Fortheprojectthatshouldbedemolished,theconstructionunitshall,15daysbeforethedemolitionoftheconstructionproject,submitthecertificateofthequalificationlevelofthedemolitionconstructionunit,thedescriptionofthebuildingsandstructurestobedemolishedandthepossibleadjacentbuildings,thedemolitionoftheconstructionorganizationplan,andthemeasuresforstackingandremovingwastetothecompetentdepartmentofthelocalpeople'sgovernmentatorabovethecountylevelwheretheconstructionprojectislocatedorotherrelevantdepartmentsfortherecord.

施工企業(yè)在其經(jīng)營(yíng)生產(chǎn)的活動(dòng)中必須對(duì)本企業(yè)的安全生產(chǎn)負(fù)全面責(zé)任。企業(yè)的代表人是安全生產(chǎn)的第一負(fù)責(zé)人,項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理是施工項(xiàng)目生產(chǎn)的主要負(fù)責(zé)人。Theconstructionenterprisemusttakefullresponsibilityforthesafetyproductionoftheenterpriseinitsproductionactivities.Therepresentativeoftheenterpriseisthefirstpersoninchargeofsafetyproduction,andtheprojectmanageristhemainpersoninchargeofconstructionprojectproduction.

施工企業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)具備安全生產(chǎn)的資質(zhì)條件,取得安全生產(chǎn)許可證的施工企業(yè)應(yīng)設(shè)立安全機(jī)構(gòu),配備合格的安全人員,提供必要的資源;要建立健全職業(yè)健康安全體系以及有關(guān)的安全生產(chǎn)責(zé)任制和各項(xiàng)安全生產(chǎn)規(guī)章制度。對(duì)項(xiàng)目要編制切合實(shí)際的安全生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃,制定職業(yè)健康安全保障措施;實(shí)施安全教育培訓(xùn)制度,不斷提高員工的安全意識(shí)和安全生產(chǎn)素質(zhì)。

Constructionenterprisesshouldhavethequalificationconditionsforsafeproduction.Constructionenterprisesthathaveobtainedsafetyproductionlicensesshouldsetupsafetyagencies,equipqualifiedsafetypersonnel,andprovidenecessaryresources;itisnecessarytoestablishandimprovetheoccupationalhealthandsafetysystemandrelatedsafetyproductionresponsibilitysystemandvarioussafetyproductionrulesandregulations.Theprojectshouldprepareapracticalsafetyproductionplanandformulateoccupationalhealthandsafetyguaranteemeasures;implementthesafetyeducationandtrainingsystem,andcontinuouslyimprovethesafetyawarenessandsafetyproductionqualityofemployees.

建設(shè)工程實(shí)行總承包的,由總承包單位對(duì)施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的安全生產(chǎn)負(fù)總責(zé)并自行完成工程主體結(jié)構(gòu)的施工。分包單位應(yīng)當(dāng)接受總承包單位的安全生產(chǎn)管理,分包合同中應(yīng)當(dāng)明確各自的安全生產(chǎn)方面的權(quán)利、義務(wù)。分包單位不服從管理導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)安全事故的,由分包單位承擔(dān)主要責(zé)任,總承包和分包單位對(duì)分包工程的安全生產(chǎn)承擔(dān)連帶責(zé)任。Thegeneralcontractorisresponsibleforthesafetyproductionoftheconstructionsiteandcompletestheconstructionofthemainstructureoftheprojectbyitself.Thesubcontractorshallacceptthesafetyproductionmanagementofthegeneralcontractor,andthesubcontractshallclarifytheirrespectiverightsandobligationsinsafetyproduction.Ifthesubcontractordoesnotobeythemanagementandleadstoproductionsafetyaccidents,thesubcontractorshallbearthemainresponsibility,andthegeneralcontractorandsubcontractorshallbearjointandseveralliabili