2024-2025中考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題訓(xùn)練專(zhuān)題：名詞名詞的數(shù)1.概述：名詞按其表示的事物的性質(zhì)分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。2.可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)：可數(shù)名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)變化，其前通常用不定冠詞和數(shù)詞來(lái)修飾，還可用many，few,afew,some,any,plentyof,lotsof,anumberof等修飾。構(gòu)成名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的方法分為規(guī)則法和不規(guī)則法兩種。1)復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則構(gòu)成法：絕大多數(shù)英語(yǔ)中的名詞復(fù)數(shù)都是在單數(shù)名詞后加上詞尾-s或-es構(gòu)成的。具體規(guī)則如下圖：規(guī)則例詞一般情況下加-sapple-apples,ruler-rulers以s,x,ch,sh,結(jié)尾的加-esbus-buses,box-boxes,watch-watches,brush-brushes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，把y變成i再加-escity-cities,county-countries以f或fe結(jié)尾的，把f或fe變成v，再加-esknife-knives,leaf-leaves以o結(jié)尾的，有的詞尾加-es，有的加-s在初中英語(yǔ)范圍內(nèi)加-es的主要有以下4個(gè)：tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoesHero-heroes,Negro-Negroes2)復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則構(gòu)成法：a.單復(fù)同形的:Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,deer-deer,sheep-sheep,fish-fish(表示魚(yú)的數(shù)量)b.熟記下列詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,mouse-mice,child-childrenc.以man,woman做定語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)要全變:amanteacher-twomenteachers;其他情況一般只變主體名詞而作定語(yǔ)的名詞不變:agirlstudent-twogirlstudents3.不可數(shù)名詞：不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有單復(fù)數(shù)。如：water，meat，air等。在表示數(shù)量時(shí)，通常用以下方法。1)用some,much,alittle,little,alotof,lotsof,plentyof等表示多少。Thereislittlemilkathome.Theoldmanhaslotsofmoney.2)若要表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量，應(yīng)用“數(shù)詞+量詞+of+名詞”這種形式，若數(shù)字超過(guò)一，量詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:aglassofwater-twoglassesofwater,apieceofbread-twopiecesofbread1.專(zhuān)有名詞:專(zhuān)有名詞是表示特定的人,事物,地點(diǎn)等,如:Tom,China,theUnitedKingdom.專(zhuān)有名詞的第一個(gè)字母一般大寫(xiě)，大部分專(zhuān)有名詞前一般不用冠詞。2.名詞的所有格：1.概述：名詞的所有格在句中是表示所有關(guān)系，作定語(yǔ)。2.名詞所有格的構(gòu)成：名詞所有格包括-s所有格和of所有格兩種形式。無(wú)生命的名詞的所有格通常用of短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系。如:thenameoftheschool,thewindowofthehouse等。-s所有格主要用于有生命的東西和表示時(shí)間，距離，國(guó)家等的名詞后。構(gòu)成方法如下：1)一般直接在名詞后加’s.如:Jim’sbook2)復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格，若以s/es結(jié)尾只加撇號(hào)，不以s/es結(jié)尾仍加’s。如：Children'sDay,theteachers'office.3)“and”連接的并列名詞的所有格，表示兩人“共有”只在后一個(gè)名詞尾加’s；表示“各自擁有”,兩個(gè)名詞尾都要加’s.如:JimandLucy'sbook(共有);Jane'sandTom'sbooks(不共有)4)表示店鋪或某人的家等處所時(shí),常在名詞的所有格后省去shop,house,home等。如:thebarber's,atmyuncle's5)表示時(shí)間，距離，國(guó)家，城市的無(wú)生命名詞，可以在詞尾加’s或’表示所有格，如：today’snewspaper,fiveminutes’walk.3.雙重所有格1)名詞雙重所有格的含義：of+名詞所有格稱(chēng)為雙重所有格，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，of前面是一部分，of后面是一個(gè)整體。例如:MrWangisafriendofmyfather's.(=MrWangisoneofmyfather'sfriends.)王先生是我父親的一個(gè)朋友.2)名詞雙重所有格的構(gòu)成方法：a.of前面的名詞前面通常有一個(gè)含泛指意義的限定詞,如a,any,some,no,few,several以及two,three等。例如:HaveyoureadanystoriesofLeiFeng's?你看過(guò)雷鋒的故事嗎?Theygavemesomebooksoftheirs.他們把他們的一些書(shū)給了我。Threeclassmatesofmysister'shavefoundgoodjobs.我姐姐的三個(gè)同學(xué)已經(jīng)找到了好工作。b.有時(shí)of前面的名詞前面可以用指示代詞this，that表示某種感情色彩。例如：ThatanswerofJim'swasright.吉姆的那個(gè)回答是對(duì)的。Somethingiswrongwiththiseyeofmine.我的這只眼睛出了毛病。c.of后面帶有's的名詞或名詞性物主代詞通常是特指的人。例如：That'sabookofLuXun's.這是魯迅的一本書(shū)。Thisisachildoftheirs.那是他們的一個(gè)孩子。3)名詞的雙重所有格與“of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)之間的區(qū)別：a..句子所表達(dá)的側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。試比較：Heisafriendofmyfather's.(著重說(shuō)明“父親”的朋友不止一個(gè))Heisafriendofmyfather.(著重說(shuō)明“他”是父親的一個(gè)朋友)b.of前面是picture等詞時(shí),含義不同。試比較:Thisisapictureofmyteacher's.這是我老師收藏的一張照片。Thisisapictureofmyteacher.這是我老師的一張照片。實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練(一)1.June1stisDayallovertheworld.JuneIstis———Dayallovertheworld.A.Child'sB.Children'sC.Childrens'2.September10thisDayinChina.A.Teacher'sB.Teachers'C.Teacher3.Thisisnews.A.suchagoodB.averygoodC.suchgood4.—Whatitis!—Let’sgoouttohaveapicnic.A.afineweatherB.finedayC.afineday5.TomandIgotoschooleveryday.A.onfeetB.onfootC.byfoot6.-Arethose?-No,theyaren't.They’re.A.sheep;cowsB.sheep;cowC.sheeps;cow7.Agroupofaretalkingwithtwooverthere.A.Frenchmen;GermansB.Frenchmen;GermenC.German;Frenchmen8.Thatdoctordranktwo.A.glassofwaterB.glassesofwatersC.cupsoftea9.Mrs.Smithisanoldfriendof.A.BobmotherB.Bob'smother'sC.motherofBob10.Thetallmanwithabignoseisclassmate.A.TomandCarlB.Tom'sandCarl'sC.TomandCarl's11.Intime,therewillbemoretallbuildingsinourcity.A.fewyearB.afewyears'C.afewyear’s12.Howmanydoyouwanteverymonth?A.milkB.waterC.apples13.-Whoseisthisnewbicycle?-It's.A.SueandJim'sB.SueandJimC.Sue'sandJim's14.-Wouldyouliketea?-No,thanks.I'vedrunktwo.A.any;bottlesoforangeB.alittle;bottleoforangesC.some;bottlesoforange15.-Howmanydoyouwant?-Two,please.A.kilosofeggB.kiloofeggsC.kilosofeggs16.Thebusstopistwofromourhouse.A.hour'sdriveB.hours'driveC.hour-drive17.-Whereareyougoing,Amy?-.A.TomyuncleB.Tomyuncle’sC.Atmyuncle18.Haveyouread?A.anewspaperoftoday'sB.todaynewspaperC.today'snewspaper19.Lucyputalotofinoftea.A.sugar;thetwocupB.sugars;thetwocupsC.sugar;thetwocups20.Tomatoes,broccoli,andarevegetables.A.bananasB.potatoesC.noodles21.-Helpyourselftosome.-Thankyou.Ireallylikethem.A.fishB.orangeC.cakes22.Thelittlebabyhastwoalready.A.toothB.atoothC.teeth23.Weallhadlastmonth.Didyoutraveltoanywhere?A.threedays'holidayB.threeday'sholidayC.three-daysholiday24.Whenautumncomes,ofmosttreesturnyellowandthenfalldown.A.leafB.leaveC.leaves25.TomorrowI'mgoingtomy.It'sa.Aaunt...fiveminutes'walkBaunt's...fiveminute'swalkCaunt's...fiveminutes'walk26.Acomputerisoneofthegreatestinthiscentury.AinventorsBinventionsCinvitations27.Wehaven'thomeworktodotoday.AmanyBsomeCmuch28.Threehoursenoughforaboytoreadbooks.Ais...ten-year-oldBare...ten-year-oldCis...ten-years-old29.thatpairofnewnice?AIs...shoeBAre...shoesCIs...shoes30.Mary,I'veboughtmany.Nowlet'smakethebirthdaycake.AfresheggsBchocolatemilkCfood31.Thetwoaremy.Awomandoctors...friendsBwomendoctors...friendsCwomendoctors...friend32.Thesearehouses.ALeeandmyuncleBtheLee'sandmyuncle'sCtheLees'andmyuncle33.Weare.Theyare.AChinese...GermenBChinese...GermanCChinese...Germans34.Thereapencilandtwobooksonthedesk.A.hasB.isC.are35.Anumberofstudentsfortheschoolbusnow.A.iswaitingB.arewaitingC.waits36.Thenumberofstudentsintheclasslarge.A.areB.hasC.is37.Aisusedforkeepingwarm.A.stampB.scarfC.key38.Thereisnointhebussowehavetowaitforanotherbus.A.roomB.aroomC.rooms39.---Thisisaphotoofwhentheywereyoung.---OK,howhappytheybothlooked!A.myfatherandmotherB.mymotherandfather'sC.mymother'sandfather's40.Thenewstudentisin,GradeTwo.A.ClassThirdB.ThirdClassC.ClassThree41.---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?---,please.A.TwocupofcoffeeB.TwocupsofcoffeeC.Twocoffee42DuringChristmas,peoplegettogetherandsingChristmassongsfor.A.funB.wishesC.intere