專題03閱讀理解：說明文【大題精做】-沖刺2024年高考英語大題突

破+限時集訓（新高考專用）大題03閱讀理解說明文

說明文所選材料題材豐富多樣，涉及社會、科技、文化、生活、人物、教育、生態、安全等方面。在

高考英語閱讀理解中，說明文所占比重尤為突出。它既要求考生能熟練運用詞匯和語法知識、理解文章語

句、把握語篇整體結構，還要求學生有大量的閱讀積淀和知識儲備，熟悉不同的話題和不同的題目考竟方

式。即便是細行理解題，大多數情況下考生也無法從文章中直接找到與選項表述完全一致的信息，而是需

要在理解文章細節信息后作出歸納和判斷。通常一套卷中主旨大意、詞義猜測、寫作意圖/觀點態度類高難

度試題的考查數量為2道左右，說明文考查此類題目的頻率較高，且命題點呈多樣化。

(2023年新高考I卷D篇)OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhich

illustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds',effect.Theexperimentofestimationhe

conductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequite

accurate.

Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren'talwaysthesame.Some

peoplewilltendlooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,

theycanceleachotherout.resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearcsimilarandtendtomake(hesame

errors,thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotheroutInmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthat

people'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people'seirorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,the

accuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.

ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwisl(轉折)onthisclassicphenomenon.The

keyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurlherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohavea

discussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethan(hosefromanequalnumberofindependent

individuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewas

significantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.

Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwha((hegroup

membersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Did

theyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn'tthedominant

response.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogcthcr^^.Somehow,

theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajasliave

limitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingare

enormous.

28.Whaiisparagraph2ofthetextmainilyabout?

A.Themethodsofestimation.B.Theunderlyinglogicof(heeffect.

C.Thecausesofpeople'serrors.D.ThedesignofGalton'sexperiment.

29.Navajas,studyfoundthattheavera^；caccuracycouldincreaseevenif________.

A.thecrowdswererelativelysmallB.therewereoccasionalunderestimates

C.individualsdidnotcommunicateD.estimateswerenotfullyindependent

30.Whaldidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?

A.Thesizeofthegroups.B.Thedominantmembers.

C.Thediscussionprocess.D.Theindividualestimates.

31.Whatistheauthor'saltitudetowardNavajas'studies?

A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.

說明文閱讀量大，生僻詞匯多，句式結構復雜，這就需要考生有方法有技巧地去閱讀。一般我們采用的方法

有三個：細讀、略讀和跳讀。

(1)細讀重點。重點，就原文而言，就是文章的基本結構、內容和態度：就答題而言，就

是問題所對應的題源句。以這個標準來衡量，需要重點閱讀的原文詞句就不會很多。

宏觀方面：文章結構：文章主題句；各段首末句；體現作者觀點態度的詞句。

微觀方面：有轉折處：重要標點；句子主干。

(2)有選擇地略讀或跳讀。在快速瀏覽了題干，初步把握了文章大意及結構的基礎上，可大膽進行略讀或跳讀,

這樣不但可以加快閱讀速度，還更容易總沐把握全文。在閱讀中可略讀或跳讀的內容包括：

①繁瑣的例證。為了說明問題，作者可能會借用形象的例子，有時候會比較繁瑣，雖能說明問題，但需要讀者

花很多時間去閱讀。如果例子所說明的問題不明了，可通過略讀來理解；若例子所說明的問題比較明了，則例子

部分可?帶而過。

②并列多項列舉。有時許多功能相同的項目并列列舉，那么只讀其中一兩項即可，無需

全讀。

③無關大局的生僻詞匯。閱讀中經常會遇到一些生詞，如果這些生詞對理解全文沒有影響或影響不大就可略過。

④較長的人名、地名。有許多較長的表示人名、地名等的專有名詞，閱讀時可一掃而過或干脆用其首字母代替，

不必試圖把整個專有名詞讀出來。

（2024上?河北滄州,高三泊頭市第一中學校聯考期末）Thinkofyourmostprizedpossession.Now,imagine

youdecideyoumustsellthisitem.Howmuchisitworthtoyou?Howmuchwouldyouchargeforit?Andwould

anyoneelsewanttobuyitatthatprice?

Let'sconsiderthereal-worldexampleofayardsale.Beforeyourneighborscometolookatyourthings,you

mustfirstdecideonthepricesforthemForyou.eachitemhasastory,andsomeitemsmayevenevokestrDng

emotions.

Let'ssayyou'resellingapairofspecialeditionsportsshoesthatyouookcareofandreallyenjoyedwearing

onspecialoccasions.Withthesesweetmemoriesinmind,youputapricetagof$130ontheshoes.However,a

custcmeroffersS50forthem.Youthink,uHo\vcouldtheynotseehowspecmlandvaluabletheseare?^^

Infinancialtransactionslikethis,sellersoftenbelieve（heirownitemsareworthmorethanwhatbuyersare

willingtopay.Thisoccursbecausebuyersdonothavetheseller'sexperienceswithandemotionalattachmentto

theitems.Buyerswantagooddeal,andthey'renotwillingtopaywhatthesellerisaskingfor.

Thisnegotiationprocesscanevenfecialittlepainfulfor(heseller-overlosingsomethingand(hebuyernot

valuingitasmuch.Economistssuggestthisdynamicoccursthroughtheendowmenteffect(稟賦效應)一people's

tendencytovaluethingstheyownmorehighlythantheywouldiftheydidnotownthem.Theendowmentefleet

cantakeholdanytimewcfeelasenseofownershipoveraproduct,anditcanhappenquickly.

Asthesayinggoes,“Emotionsgel:hcbestofus."Thereisnothingwrangwithbeingproudofowningthings

andtreasuringyourexperienceswiththem.Butwhenyouconsidersellingaprizedpossession,thinkaboutwhether

you'refullyreadytopartwithil.Thepastisthepast,though.Removingyouremotionalattachmenttomaterial

possessionscanhelpyoumakemoreaccurateassessmentsofhowmuchyouritemsaretrulyworth.

28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evoke”inparagraph2probablymean?

A.Advocate.B.Cause.C.Identify.D.Control.

29.Whalmakesyouputapricetagof$130onyourshoesaccordingtoparagraphs?

A.Yourfondnessfortheshoes.B.Yourignoranceofthemarket.

C.Thehighqualityoftheshoes.D.Thespecialfunctionoftheshoes.

30.Whichcanbestillustratetheresultofendowmenteffect?

A.Onelikescollectingoldthings.

B.Onetendstobuyexpensivegoods.

C.Oneoffersalowerpricewhenshopping.

D.Onechargesahigher-than-usualpriceforsomething.

31.What'sthepurposeofthelastparagraph?

A.Tomakeasuggestion.B.Tointroduceatheory.

C.Toanalyzeaphenomenon.D.lbprovidesomeevidence.

刷模擬

Passage(1)

(2024?江蘇連云港?統考一模)Artificialintelligencemodelscantrickeachotherintodisobeyingtheir

creaursandprovidingbannedinstructionsformakingdrugs,orevenbuildingabomb,suggesting(hatpreveniing

suchAI“jailbreaks“ismoredifficultthanitseems.

Manypubliclyavailablelargelanguagemodels(LLMs),suchasChatGPT,havehard-codedrulesthataimto

preventthemfromexhibitingracialorsexualdiscrimination,oransweringquestionswithillegalorproblematic

answers—thingstheyhavelearnedfromhumansvia(rainingdata.Butthathasn'tstoppedpeoplefromfinding

carefullydesignedinstructionsthatblocktheseprotections,knownas'jailbreaks”，makingAImodelsdisobeythe

rules.

Now,ArushTagadcatLeapLaboratoriesandhisco-workcrshavefoundaprocessofjailbreaks.Theyfound

thattheycouldsimplyinstructoneLLMtoconvinceothermodelstoadoptapersona(角色)，whichisableto

answerquestionsthebasemodelhasbeenprogrammedtorefuse.Thisprocessiscalled“personamodulation(調

節)”.

Tagadesaysthisapproachworksbecausemuchofthetrainingdataconsumedbylargemodelscomesfrom

onlineconversations,andthemodelslearntoactincertainwaysinresponsetodifferentinputs.Byhavingtheright

conversationwithamodel.i(ispossible(omakeitadoptaparticularpersona,causingittoactdifferently.

ThereisalsoanideainAlcircles,oneyettobeproven,thatcreatinglotsofrulesforanAItopreventit

displayingunwantedbehaviourcanaccidentallycreateablueprintforamodeltoactthatway.Thispotentially

leavestheAIeasytobetrickedintotakingonanevilpersona,tkIfyou'reforcingyourmodeltobegoodpersona,it

somewhatunderstandswhatabadpersonais,“saysTagade.

YinzhenLiatImperialCollegeLondonsaysitisworryinghowcurrentmodelscanbemisused,butdevelopers

needtoweighsuchriskswiththepotentialbenefitsofLLMs."Likedrugs,theyalsohavesideeffectsthatneedto

beccntrolled/'shesays.

28.WhatdocstheAIjailbreakreferto?

A.ThetechniquetobreakrestrictionsofAImodels.

B.Theinitiativetosethard-codedrulesforAImodels.

C.ThecapabilityofAImodelsimprovingthemselves.

D.TheprocessofAImodelslearningnewinformation.

29.Whatcanweknowaboutthepersonamodulation?

A.ItcanhelpAImodelsunderstandemotions.

B.ItpreventsAIlearningviaonlineconversations.

C.ItcanmakeAImodelsadoptaparticularpersona.

D.ItforcesAImodelstofollowonlygoodpersonas.

30.WhatisYinzhcnLi'sattitudetowardsLLMs?

A.Unclear.B.Cautious.C.Approving.D.Negative.

31.Whichcanbeasuitabletitlefbrthetext?

A.LLMs:IllegalLearningModelsB.LLMs:TheLaiesiAdvancement

C.AIJailbreaks:ANewChallengeD.AIJailbreaks:APerfectApproach

Passage（2）

（2024?江蘇連云港?統考一模）Notallbirdssing,butseveralthousar.dspeciesdo.Theysingtodefendtheir

territoryandcroon（柔聲唱）toimpresspotentialmates.4*Whybirdssingisrelativelywell-answered,''saysIris

Adam,abehavioralneuroscientist.However,thebigquestionforherwaswhybirdssingsomuch.

“Assoonasyousing,yourevealyourself?'Adamsays."Like,whereyouareandwhereyourterritoryis."Ina

newitudypublishedinthejournalNatureCommunications,Adamandherco-workersofferanewexplanationlor

whybirdstakethatrisk.Theymayhavetosingaloteveiydaytogivetheirvocal（發聲的）musclestheregjlar

exercisetheyneedtoproducetop-qualitysongs.Jbfigureoutwhetherthenusclesthatproducebirdsongsrequire

dailyexercise.Adamdesignedanexperimentonzebrafinches-thelittleAustialiansongbirds.

Shepreventedthemfromsingingforaweekbykeepingthemin（hedarkcagealmostaroundtheclock.Lght

iswhatgalvanizesthebirdstosing,soshehadtoworktokeepthemfromwarbling（鳴叫）."Thefirsttwoorthree

days,it'squiteeasy,“shesays."Butthelongertheexperimentgoes,themoretheyarelike,*1needtosing.'”Atthat

point,she'dtapthecageandtellthemtostopsinging.

Afteraweek,thebirds'singingmuscleslosthalftheirstrength.ButAdamwonderedwhetherthatimpacted

ihequalityofsongs.Whensheplayedamale'ssongbeforeandafterthesevendaysofdarkness,shecouldn'thear

adifference.ButwhenAdamplayedittoagroupoffemalebirds,sixoutofninepreferred（hesong（hatcamefrom

amalewho'dbeenusinghissingingmusclesdaily.

Adam'sconclusionshowsthat“songbirdsneedtoexercisetheirvocalmusclestoproducetop-perlbrmance

songs.Iftheydon'tsing,theyloseperformance,andtheirsongsgetlessattractivetofcmalcs.MThismayhelp

exp憶insongbirds'continuoussinging.

It'sagoodruletoliveby,whetheryou'reabirdorahuman-practicemakesperfect,atleastwhenitcomesto

singingone'sheartout.

28.AccordingtoIrisAdam,birdssingsomuchto.

A.warnotherbirdsofrisksB.producemoresongs

C.performperfectlyinsingingD.defendtheirterritory

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“galvanizes”inParagraph3mean?

A.Prepares.B.Stimulates.C.Forbids.D.Frightens.

30.Whaidoweknowaboutthecagedbirdsintheexperiment?

A.Theylosttheabilitytosing.B.Theystrengthened（heirmuscles.

C.Theirsongsshowednodifference.D.Theirsongsbecamelessappealing.

31.WhatmayIrisAdamagreewith?

A.Thesongbirdsliveonmusic.B.Thesongbirdsarebornsingers.

C.Dailyexercisekeepsbirdshealthy.D.Practicemakesbirdsperfectsingers.

Passage（3）

（2024?福建?統考一模）OnthestreetsofManhattanandWashington,D.C.,inneighborhoodsinSeouland

parksinParis,ginkgo（銀杏）treesarelosingtheirleavesinreactiontothefirstgustofcoldwinterair.Thisleaf

drop,gradualatfirst,andthensudden,carpetsstreetswithgolden,fan-shapedleaves.Scientistsaredocumenting

evidenceoftheeventhappeninglaterandlater,apossibleindicationofclimatechange.Butthestoryofginkgosis

notthefamiliaroneofhumancarelessnesswithnature.

ThankstofossilsfoundinNorthDakota,scientistsfoundaginkgohasgeneticallysimilarancestorsdating

back170millionyearslotheJurassicPeriod."Italmostwentextinct.Thenhumansrescueditandspreaditaroand

theworld.It'ssuchagreatevolutionary（進化）andculturalstory,''saysPeterCrane,aginkgoexpert.

Onetheoiyforthedeclineoftheginkgospeciesbegan130millionyearsago,whenfloweringplantsbegan

spreading.Theygrewfasterandattractedmorepollinators（傳粉者）thanginkgos,"It'spossiblethatginkgoswere

elbowedoutoftheway,“saysCrane.Alreadycompetingtosurvive,ginkgosbegantodisappearduringatimeof

globalcoolingthatbeganaround66millionyearsago.Bythetimethelasticeageended11,000yearsago,the

remainingsurvivorswerefoundinChina.

Ginkgotreesarcsmelly."Myguessisthattheywereeatenbyanimalsthatlikedsmellythings.Theythen

passedthroughtheirbodyandgrew."Cranesays.Thosesameseedsmayhavehelpedginkgofindfavorwith

humans1,000yearsago.Oncecleanedoftheirouterlayer,ginkgoseedsaresafetoeat.It'sthen,whenthetrees

hadlongsincedisappearedelsewhere,thatpeopleinChinamayhavebegunplantingthemandeatingtheirseeds.

Thengraduallyginkgosspreadacrosstheworld.Nowit'sseeminglynaturallyresistanttoinsectsandhighlevelsof

airpollution.

Craneisn'tworriedaboutitsfuture,though:Thepopularityofthespecieswillhelpitsurvive."Thoughits

statusinthewildmaybedifficulttoaccess,it'saplantthat'sunlikelytoevergoextinct,''hesays.

28.Whatmayhavecausedthefurtherdelayofginkgo'sleafdrop?

A.Thecolderweatherinwinter.

B.Theprotectionfromcitycouncils.

C.Theglobalwarmingphenomenon.

D.Thecarelessinteractionwithhumans.

29.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A.Thereasonswhyginkgosalmostdiedout.

B.Theadvantagesofginkgosoverolherplants.

C.Thetheoriesofexpertsfbrmultiplyingginkgos.

D.Thecompetitionbetweenvariousfloweringplants.

30.Whatmighthavecontributedtoginkgos,survival?

A.Theireatableseeds.B.Theirunpleasantsmell.

C.Thenaturalevolution.D.Thecarefulplanting.

31.HowdoesCranefeelaboutginkgos'future?

A.Worried.B.Optimistic.C.Uncertain.D.Hopeless.

Passage（4）

（2024?湖南邵陽?統考一模）Lisleningtoanaudiobook（有聲書）beforebedaffectsaperson'sbrainactivity

aftertheynodoffaswellasthecontentoftheirdreams.

Betterunderstandingthiseffectcouldhelptreatcertainmentalhealthconditionsbytargetingmemory

processingduringsleep.Whenwesleep,ourbrainsponlaneously（自發地）“replays”,orreactivatespatternsof

electricalactivitythatarerelatedtolearningtotransferimportantnewinformationtolong-termmemorystorage.Il

hasbeensuggestedthatdrcamsmayreflectthisreactivation,butexactlyhowisunclear.

Toinvestigate,DenizKumralattheUniversityofFreiburg,Germany,andhercolleaguesasked20peopleto

listentodifferentaudiobooksjustbeforetheywenttosleep.TheseincludedTheMysteryoftheBlueTrainby

AgathaChristieandInkheartbyConidiaFunke.

Amongtheparticipantswhoremembered（heirdreams,theresearcherscouldidentifywhichaudiobookeach

hadheardfromtheirdescriptionsofthedreams.Whiletheparticipantsslept,theresearchersalsousedanEEG(腦

電圖)cap(hatdetectselectricalactivitytorecord(heirbrainwaves.Thisshowedthatthewavepatternsduringthe

rapideyemovementphaseofsleep,whendreamsoccurred,weremoresimilarbetweenthosewhohadheardihe

sameaudiobookthanthosewhohadhearddifferentones,suggestingthatthelisteningexperienceshapedthebrain

activity.

Furtheranalysisofthepatternsrevsaledthathigh-frequencybetawav2s-between18and3Ohertz-were

moststronglyassociatedwiththeparticipantsrecallingtheaudiobook-relatedcontentoftheirdreams.Thefindings

suggestthatdailylifeexperiencescanshapedreamcontentviamemoryreactivation,accordingtotheresearchers.

Butwhiledreamingmayserveadistinctpurposeinmemoryformation,itcouldalsobeaby-productofmemory

processing.

“Daytimeexperiencesarerarelyreplayedasexperienced,butarealmostalwaysmodifiedorsurfacein

differentcontexts,“saysKumraL"Individualswithcertainpsychologicalconditionsormentalproblemsmight

benefitfromtailoredstrategies(hatenhancememoryprocessingortrcaidisordersofdreamingduringsleep,

potentiallycontributingtoimprovednier.talandemotionalhealth.M

28.Whatdidtheresearchersasktheparticipantstodo?

A.Recordtheirdreamseverynight.B.Listentoaudiobooksduringtheday.

C.Listentoaudiobooksjustbeforesleep.D.WearanEEGcapduringtheday.

29.WhydidDenizKumralandhercolleaguesdo(heresearch?

A.Toknowhowpeopleprocessinformation.

B.Tofindoutthecontentsofpeople'sdreams.

C.Torevealthesecretofimprovingpeople'smemory.

D.Toinvestigatehowdreamsreplaypatternsofelectricalactivity.

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword4%modifiedMinthelastparagraphprobablymean?

A.Changed.B.StoredC.Strengthened.D.Forgotten.

31.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?

A.Listeningexperiencesinfluencingbrainactivity

B.Listeningtoaudiobooksbeforebedshapingone'sdrcam

C.Theimportanceofdreamsinmemoryformation

D.Integrationofdailyexperiencesintodreams

Passage(5)

(2024?廣東肇慶?統考二模)“Heisagiantofthe20th-centuryart,butthatdoesn'tmeanheonlydidbig

paintings,saidLynnMiller,directorofRochesterCentralGallery,inaninterviewlastThursday.

Entitled“PicassoandHisDrafts”，aspecialexhibitmarking50yearssincethedeathofPabloPicassoisheld

atthegallerythismonth.Insteadofhispaintings,thenotebooksonwhichtheSpanishlegendaryartistdrewdrafts

areshowntothepublicforthefirstlime.

Matchboxcovers,postcards,icstaarantnapkinsallservedasdraftingnotesfortheartistatmomentsof

inspiration.Itisimportanttoknowthateachofthe14notebookspresentedreflectswhatwasgoingoninhislife.

Forexample,alinynotebookwhosesizeisjust3by5inchesstandsoutamongtheexhibits.Insidethelittle

bookwasaself-portraitoftheartistfinishedroughlyinpencil,withdeepandthoughtfuleyes.Itwasdonein1918

andPicasso,theninhismid-30s,hadjustgotmarried.Heproducedbig-sizedartworksbuthealsokeptthistiny

notebookaround,fillingi(withscenesofhiswife,theirfriends,thebeachandthetown,anddraftsofupcoir.ing

paintings.Actually,manyofthedraftdrawingsarcearlyversionsoffamedpaintingslikeLesDemoiselles

d,Avignon(1907)andDoraMaarinanAnnchair(1939).

“Heisagreatartistofthemodernperiod,andweseepracticeanddeterminationinhisnotebooks,saidLynn

Miller,referringtoPicasso'seffortsinimprovinghisskillsthroughcopiousdrawing.BernardRuiz-Picasso,a

grandsonofPicasso's,rememberedhimalwaysdraftinguntilthelastpieceofpaperavailable.t€Mygrandpawas

permanentlydrawingsomething,Ruiz-P:cassosaid.

Inadocumentaryfilmshownatthegallery.Picasso,shirdcssandinskorts,wasstandingonaladdertoreach

Ihelopofhiscanvas(畫布).Ilremindsvisitorsoftherealsizeofhismasterworks.

28.Whatarc(hekeyfeaturesof(herecentexhibitatthegallery?

A.Notebooksforsale.B.Picasso'sartworks.

C.Pricelessartisticdrafts.D.Masterpiecesofthe20lhcentury.

29.WhatisreflectedinthenotebookscfPicasso?

A.Hislifeexperience.B.Theloveforhiscountry.

C.Thecontentofhisbooks.D.Hiseducationbackground.

30.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesPicassoaccordingtohisgrandson?

A.Creative.B.Diligent.C.Optimistic.D.Humorous.

31.Whatcanweteamfiomtheauthor'swordsinthelastparagraph?

A.Picassousedtomindhisappearance.B.Thegallerj'1exhibitsrealmasterworks.

C.Thedocumentarymovieisworthseeing.D.Picasso'sartworksarcactuallyofgreatsize.

Passage(6)

(2024?廣東茂名?統考?-模)Researchershaveidentifiedagrowingthreattoastronomyfromthesunlight

reflectingoffcommunicationdevicesinspace.Onesuchdevice,acommunicationsatellitecalledBlueWalker3,is

currentlyoneofthebrightestobjectsvisiblefromEarth,matchingthebrightnessofProcyonandAchemar,twoof

thebrighteststarsinthenightsky.

“BlueWalker3isvisibleinbothdarkskyandurbanskies,thoughinurbansettingsthiswillbelimitedtowhen

BlueWalker3passesoverhead."saidDr.JeremyTregloan-Reed,aco-authorofthestudyattheUniversityof

AtacamainChile."Largeconstellations(星座)ofbrightartificialsatellitesinlowEarthorbitposesignificant

challengestoground-basedastronomy,''thestudy'sauthorswrote.

Tregloan-Reedsaidalargereflectivebrightnessmeansthatwhenasatellitecrossesthedetectorofatelescope,

irleavesamarkthatcanbedifficult,ifnotimpossible,toremove.Thiscouldleadtolossofdatafromtheaffected

pixels(像素).Buthesaidspace-basedastronomyalsofacedchallengesfromsuchsatellites,notingthat

observationsbytheHubbletelescopehadincreasinglybeenaffectedbymarksfromSlarlinksatellites.Besides,the

teamnotes(heradiofrequenciesusedbyBlueWalker3arccloseto(hoseusedforradioastronomy,raisingthe

possibilitythatsuchsatellitescouldcauseinterference.

WhileBlueWalker3wasfoldedwhenitwaslaunchedlastyear,onceinspaceitopeneduptorevealahuge

surfaceareathatreflectedsunlight.Tregloan-Rccdaddedthatevenifallthereflectivebrightnessofallsatellites

wasreducedtobelowthelevelvisiblebythenakedeye,“theskybackgroundglowwillincreaseduetothe

accumulativeeffectofhavinghundredsofthousandsofsatellitesfromvariousoperatorsfrommanycountriesin

lowEarthorbit.Itisdisastrous!”

BlueWalker3,buikbyASTSpaceMobile,isjustthefirstonetobelaunched.Thecompanyisplanninga

constellationofsatellitesnicknamedBlueBirds,consistingofover100similarsatellitesandaimedtoprovide

satellitenetworkserviceforthewholeworld.Youcanimaginehowbrightthenightskywillbeat(hattime!

28.WhatcanweknowaboutBlueWalker3?

A.Itthreatens(hesunlight.B.ItwasinventedbyDr.Jeremy.

C.ItisbrighterthanProcyonandAchernar.D.Itisvisibleinurbanskieswhenpassingoverhead.

29.ThebrightnessofBlueWalker3ismostlikelytoaffect.

A.earthorbitB.spaceobservation

C.radiofrequencyD.satellitecommunication

30.ConcerningtheplanofBlueBirds,whatmighttheauthoragreewith?

A.Ithaspotentialdrawbacks.B.Itisboundtobeaccorrplished.

C.Itisirreplaceableforastronomy.D.Ilprovidesnetworkservicefortheworld.

31.What,sthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.BlucWalkcr3—ABrightandDark"Star"B.BlueWalker3—TheMostValuableSatellite

C.TheNightSky—GlowingwithBlueWalker3D.TheNightSky—HeavilyPollutedbyBlueWalker3

Passage（7）

（2024?湖南長沙?統考一模）FortherapidlydecreasingnumberofAmericanswho'veneverheardof

pickleball,thelittle-knownpaddleballgameisoneofAmerica'sfastest-growingsports.

Inventedin1965bythreemiddle-agedfathersinWashingtonstate,pickleballisanoddcrossamongtennis,

ping-pongandbadminton,playedwithapaddleandaperforated（穿孔的）plasticball.Thefoundersaresaidto

havenamedthegameafterafamilydogcalledPickles.

MostofpicklebalTscoreplayers—thosewhoplaymorethaneighttimesperyear—areoverage65,butthe

gameisgettingyounger,withthestrongestgrowthamongplayersunder55,accordingtoUSAPicklcball.Butwith

somanynewplayers,theUSisstrugglingtokeepupwiththedemandforcourts.Thecountryhasonlyabout

10,000placestoplay,byUSAPicklebalTscount,bulthatcontinuestogrowbyseveraldozeneverymonth.

Pickleballisalsofastbecomingaspectatorsport（觀賞性運動）.Itsfirstprofessionaltournament,the

ProfessionalPicklebailAssociation（PPA）Tour,wasformedin2018andtheprofessionalplayersarebeingableto

reallybecomecelebritiesandspotlights.Traditionalbroadcasters,interestinthesportisgrowing.Sofar,pickleball

fanscanwatchamateurandprofessionalmatchesonsportsorsocialchannels,mostlyonline.

“Theabilityforasporttofindanaudiencequicklyviasocialmediaisunprecedented（前所未有的）,“says

BenShields,wholecturesatMIT'sSloanSchoolofManagementandstudiesthesportsindustry.Shieldsaddsthat

picklcballstillneedsafamousstartodrawinwideraudiences,ashasbeenthekeytosuccessforothersports

opularityofPickleball

C.TheRiseandFallofPicklcballD.TheRulesofPlayingPicklcball

Passage（8）

（2024?湖南長沙?統考■模）ByteDance'sDouyinhasbeentrialingafooddeliveryservicesinceDecemberas

itlookstoexpanditsbusinessbeyondadvertising.Itpot