蝸桿傳動(dòng)wormdrive主講人：劉寶生123蝸桿傳動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)和類型蝸桿傳動(dòng)的主要參數(shù)蝸輪的回轉(zhuǎn)方向判斷ThecharacteristicsandtypesofwormgeartransmissionThemainparametersofwormgeartransmissionDeterminationoftherotationdirectionofthewormgear4失效形式、材料和結(jié)構(gòu)Failuremodes,materials,andstructures目錄CONTENTS蝸桿傳動(dòng)由蝸桿和蝸輪組成，通常由蝸桿(主動(dòng)件)帶動(dòng)蝸輪(從動(dòng)件)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，并傳遞運(yùn)動(dòng)和動(dòng)力。Wormdriveconsistsofawormgearandawormgear,usuallydrivenbythewormgear(drivingcomponent)torotateandtransmitmotionandpower.蝸桿傳動(dòng)wormdrive用來傳遞空間兩交錯(cuò)軸之間運(yùn)動(dòng)的一種嚙合傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu),其兩軸之間的交錯(cuò)角通常等于90°一般蝸桿是主動(dòng)件。蝸桿傳動(dòng)主要是做減速傳動(dòng)，廣泛應(yīng)用于各種機(jī)械設(shè)備和儀表中Ameshingtransmissionmechanismusedtotransmitthemotionbetweentwostaggeredaxesinspace,withastaggeredanglebetweenthetwoaxesusuallyequalto90°.Generally,awormgearisanactivecomponent.Wormdriveismainlyusedforreductiontransmissionandiswidelyusedinvariousmechanicalequipmentandinstruments1蝸桿傳動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)和類型ExperimentalPurposeONE一、蝸桿傳動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)和類型Thecharacteristicsandtypesofwormgeartransmission蝸桿傳動(dòng)wormdrive能得到很大的傳動(dòng)比、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊其在分度機(jī)構(gòu)中的傳動(dòng)比i可達(dá)1000，在動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)中傳動(dòng)比i=10~80。Itcanachievealargetransmissionratioandacompactstructure.Itstransmissionratioiintheindexingmechanismcanreach1000,andinpowertransmission,thetransmissionratioi=10~80.由于蝸桿傳動(dòng)屬于嚙合傳動(dòng)，蝸桿齒是連續(xù)的螺旋齒，與蝸輪逐漸進(jìn)入和退出嚙合，且同時(shí)嚙合的齒數(shù)對(duì)較多，故傳動(dòng)平穩(wěn)、噪聲低。Duetothefactthatwormgeartransmissionbelongstomeshingtransmission,thewormgearteetharecontinuousspiralteeththatgraduallyenterandexitmeshingwiththewormgear,andtherearemanypairsofteethengagedsimultaneously,resultinginsmoothtransmissionandlownoise.在一定條件下，該機(jī)構(gòu)可以自鎖。Undercertainconditions,themechanismcanselflock.優(yōu)點(diǎn)Advantages一、蝸桿傳動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)和類型Thecharacteristicsandtypesofwormgeartransmission蝸桿傳動(dòng)wormdrive缺點(diǎn)Disadvantages:效率低，當(dāng)蝸桿主動(dòng)時(shí)，效率一般為0.7~0.8。Undercertainconditions,themechanismcanselflock.由于齒面相對(duì)滑移速度大，易磨損和發(fā)熱，不適于傳遞大功率。Duetothehighrelativeslipspeedofthetoothsurface,itispronetowearandheatgeneration,makingitunsuitablefortransmittinglargepower.為減小磨損，蝸輪齒圈常用銅合金制造，故其成本較高。Toreducewear,thewormgearringiscommonlymadeofcopperalloy,soitscostisrelativelyhigh.蝸桿傳動(dòng)對(duì)制造安裝誤差比較敏感對(duì)中心距尺寸精度要求較高。Wormdriveissensitivetomanufacturingandinstallationerrors,andrequireshighprecisionincenterdistancedimensions.一、蝸桿傳動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)和類型Thecharacteristicsandtypesofwormgeartransmission蝸桿傳動(dòng)wormdrive蝸桿傳動(dòng)常用于傳遞功率在50kW以下，滑動(dòng)速度在15m/s以下的機(jī)械設(shè)備中。Wormdriveiscommonlyusedinmechanicalequipmentthattransmitspowerbelow50kWandslidingspeedbelow15m/s.一、蝸桿傳動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)和類型Thecharacteristicsandtypesofwormgeartransmission2.類型typesof按蝸桿形狀A(yù)ccordingtotheshapeoftheworm圓柱蝸桿Cylindricalworm環(huán)面蝸桿Toroidalworm錐蝸桿Conicalworm按蝸桿螺旋線方向Accordingtothedirectionofthewormspiral:左旋蝸桿Left-handedwormgear右旋蝸桿Right-handedworm按蝸桿頭數(shù)Accordingtotheshapeoftheworm單頭蝸桿Singleheadedworm多頭蝸桿Multiheadworm一、蝸桿傳動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)和類型Thecharacteristicsandtypesofwormgeartransmission圓柱蝸桿:阿基米德蝸桿,漸開線蝸桿Cylindricalworm:Archimedeanworm,involuteworm阿基米德蝸桿制造簡(jiǎn)單、應(yīng)用廣泛Archimedeanwormiseasytomanufactureandwidelyused環(huán)面蝸桿傳動(dòng):嚙合的齒對(duì)多，承載能力是普通圓柱的2-4倍，傳動(dòng)效率高達(dá)85%-90%。Toroidalwormgeartransmission:Withmultiplemeshingteeth,theload-bearingcapacityis2-4timesthatofaregularcylinder,andthetransmissionefficiencyisashighas85%-90%.圓柱蝸桿傳動(dòng)cylindricalwormdrive環(huán)面蝸桿傳動(dòng)envelopingwormdrive錐蝸桿傳動(dòng)spiroidgearing按蝸桿形狀A(yù)ccordingtotheshapeoftheworm錐蝸桿傳動(dòng):結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、工藝性好，傳動(dòng)比為10-60。承載能力高，傳動(dòng)效率高。Conewormtransmission:compactstructure,goodmanufacturability,transmissionratioof10-60.Highloadcapacityandhightransmissionefficiency.一、蝸桿傳動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)和類型Thecharacteristicsandtypesofwormgeartransmission2.類型typesof按蝸桿螺旋線方向Accordingtothedirectionofthewormspiral:右手定則:手心對(duì)著自己四個(gè)手指順著蝸桿軸線方向擺正，若螺旋線方向與右手拇指指向一致，則為右旋，否則為左旋。Righthandrule:Alignthepalmofthehandwithone'sfourfingersalongtheaxisoftheworm.Ifthespiraldirectionisconsistentwiththedirectionoftherightthumb,itisright-handed;otherwise,itisleft-handed.右旋蝸桿dextrorotation左旋蝸桿counter-clockwise一、蝸桿傳動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)和類型Thecharacteristicsandtypesofwormgeartransmission2.類型typesof按蝸桿頭數(shù)Accordingtotheshapeoftheworm蝸桿螺旋線Wormhelix蝸桿頭數(shù)(z1):蝸螺旋線的數(shù)目通常Z1=1~4，頭數(shù)越多傳動(dòng)效率越高，制造越困難。Numberofwormheads(z1):ThenumberofwormspirallinesisusuallyZ1=1-4,andthemoreheadsthereare,thehigherthetransmissionefficiencyandthemoredifficultitistomanufacture.單頭蝸桿

Singleheadedworm雙頭蝸桿

double-threadworm2蝸桿傳動(dòng)的主要參數(shù)ExperimentalPrinciplesTWO二、蝸桿傳動(dòng)的主要參數(shù)Themainparametersofwormgeartransmission中間平面Mid-Plane1.中間平面Mid-Plane通過蝸桿軸線并與蝸輪軸線垂直的平面是中間平面。Theplanepassingthroughtheaxisofthewormgearandperpendiculartotheaxisofthewormgearisthemiddleplane..中間平面是蝸桿的軸面，是蝸輪的端面。Themiddleplaneistheaxissurfaceofthewormgearandtheendfaceofthewormgear.二、蝸桿傳動(dòng)的主要參數(shù)Themainparametersofwormgeartransmission2.正確嚙合條件ConditionforCorrectMeshing蝸桿的軸面模數(shù)mx1和蝸輪的端面模數(shù)mt2相等，且為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值。Theaxialmodulusmx1ofthewormgearandtheendfacemodulusmt2ofthewormgearareequalandstandardvalues.Mx1=mt2=m蝸桿的軸面齒形角αx1和蝸輪的端面齒形角αt2相等，且為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值。ThetoothprofileangleofthewormgearshaftsurfaceαEndfacetoothprofileangleofx1andwormgearαT2isequalandisthestandardvalue.αx1=αt2=α=20°蝸桿分度圓導(dǎo)程角λ與蝸輪的螺旋角β相等，且旋向相同。WormindexingcircleleadangleλSpiralanglewithwormgearβEqualandwiththesamedirectionofrotation.λ=β二、蝸桿傳動(dòng)的主要參數(shù)Themainparametersofwormgeartransmission3.傳動(dòng)比gearratioZ1——蝸桿的螺旋線頭SpiralheadofwormgearZ2——蝸輪的齒數(shù)ThenumberofteethofthewormgearN1——蝸桿的轉(zhuǎn)速ThespeedofthewormgearN2——蝸輪的轉(zhuǎn)速Thespeedofthewormgear

二、蝸桿傳動(dòng)的主要參數(shù)Themainparametersofwormgeartransmission4.中心距centre-to-centrespacing切制蝸輪的滾刀，其分度圓直徑、模數(shù)和其他參數(shù)必須與該蝸輪相配的蝸桿一致，齒形角與相配的蝸桿相同。Thehobforcuttingwormgearsmusthavethesamediameter,modulus,andotherparametersoftheindexingcircleasthematchingwormgear,andthesametoothprofileangleasthematchingwormgear.對(duì)一定模數(shù)m的蝸桿的分度圓直徑d1作了規(guī)定，即規(guī)定了蝸桿直徑系數(shù)q。Thediameterd1ofthedividingcircleforacertainmodulusmofthewormisspecified,thatis,thecoefficientqofthewormdiameterisspecified.q=d1/m中心距centre-to-centrespacinga=0.5(d1+d2)=0.5m(q+z2)≠0.5m(Z1+Z2)3蝸輪的回轉(zhuǎn)方向判斷DeterminationoftherotationdirectionofthewormgearTHREE三、蝸輪的回轉(zhuǎn)方向判斷Determinationoftherotationdirectionofthewormgear圖1右旋蝸桿傳動(dòng)Figure1Right-handedWormDrive(1)左旋蝸桿用左手，右旋蝸桿用右手Left-handedwormwithlefthand,right-handedwormwithrighthand(2)四指彎曲方向一一蝸桿回轉(zhuǎn)方向Fourfingerbendingdirection-wormrotationdirection（3）拇指所指相反方向一一蝸輪上嚙合點(diǎn)線速度方向Oppositedirectionindicatedbythethumb-directionoflinearvelocityatthemeshingpointonthewormgear圖2左旋蝸桿傳動(dòng)Figure2Left-handwormdrive4失效形式、材料和結(jié)構(gòu)Failuremodes,materials,andstructuresFOUR四、失效形式、材料和結(jié)構(gòu)Failuremodes,materials,andstructures開式傳動(dòng)(磨損)Opendrive(worn)1.主要失效形式Mainfailuremodes閉式傳動(dòng)(膠合或點(diǎn)蝕)Closedtransmission(Gluingorpitting)由于蝸桿傳動(dòng)中蝸桿與蝸輪齒面間的相對(duì)滑動(dòng)速度較大，效率低，摩擦發(fā)熱大，其主要失效形式為蝸輪齒面產(chǎn)生膠合、磨損、點(diǎn)蝕等。Duetotherelativelyhighslidingspeedbetweenthewormgearandthewormgeartoothsurfaceinwormgeartransmission,lowefficiency,andhighfrictionandheatgeneration,themainfailureformsareadhesion,wear,andpittingonthewormgeartoothsurface.四、失效形式、材料和結(jié)構(gòu)Failuremodes,materials,andstructures2.設(shè)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則designcriteria閉式傳動(dòng):按蝸輪的齒面接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì);之后校核蝸輪的齒根彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度，并進(jìn)行熱平衡計(jì)算。Closedtransmission:designedaccordingtothecontactfatiguestrengthofthewormgeartoothsurface;Afterwards,verifytherootbendingfatiguestrengthofthewormgearandperformthermalbalancecalculations.開式傳動(dòng):通常只計(jì)算蝸輪的齒根彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度Opentransmission:usuallyonlythebendingfatiguestrengthofthetoothrootofthewormgeariscalculated四、失效形式、材料和結(jié)構(gòu)Failuremodes,materials,andstructures3.常用材料Commonmaterials高速重載:20Cr、20CrMnTi，滲碳淬火Highspeedheavy-duty:20Cr,20CrMnTi,carburizedandquenched蝸桿worm中速中載:45鋼、40Cr、35SiMn，表面淬火Mediumspeedmediumload:45steel,40Cr,35SiMn,surfacequenched一般用途:45鋼調(diào)質(zhì)處理Generaluse:45steelquenchingandtemperingtreatment常用材料為碳鋼和合金鋼Commonmaterialsarecarbonsteelandalloysteel四、失效形式、材料和結(jié)構(gòu)Failuremodes,materials,andstructures3.常用材料Commonmaterials錫青銅:適用于滑動(dòng)速度較高的高速蝸桿傳動(dòng)，耐磨性最好，價(jià)格較高，強(qiáng)度較低;Tinbronze:suitableforhigh-speedwormgeartransmissionwithhighslidingspeed,withthebestwearresistance,highprice,andlowstrength;蝸桿worm鋁青銅:有足夠的強(qiáng)度，雖耐磨性比錫青銅差，價(jià)格便宜一般用于滑動(dòng)速度5m/s<Vs≤10m/s的傳動(dòng);Aluminumbronze:hassufficientstrength,althoughitswearresistanceisinferiortotinbronze,itisgenerallyusedfortransmissionswithslidingspeedsof5m/s<Vs≤10m/satacheaperprice;灰鑄鐵:對(duì)于Vs≤5m/s的低速傳動(dòng)。Greycastiron:Forlow-speedtransmissionswithVs≤5m/s.四、失效形式、材料和結(jié)構(gòu)Failuremodes,materials,andstructures無退刀槽蝸桿(銑制)Wormwithoutbacklashgroove(milling)有退刀槽蝸桿(車削)

Wormwithrecessiongroove(turning)4.蝸桿和蝸輪的結(jié)構(gòu)StructureofWormandWormGear（1）蝸桿結(jié)構(gòu)Wormstructure蝸桿的直徑不大，常和軸做成一個(gè)整體(蝸桿軸)，當(dāng)蝸桿的直徑較大時(shí)，可以將軸與蝸桿分開制作。Thediameterofthewormisnotlargeandisoftenintegratedwiththeshaft(wormshaft).Whenthediameterofthewormislarge,theshaftcanbemadeseparatelyfromtheworm.有退刀槽蝸桿結(jié)構(gòu)的剛度較無退刀槽蝸桿差。Thestiffnessofawormstructurewithabackgrooveisworsethanthatofawormwithoutabackgroove.四、失效形式、材料和結(jié)構(gòu)Failuremodes,materials,andstructures4.蝸桿和蝸輪的結(jié)構(gòu)StructureofWormandWormGear整體式渦輪Integralturbine(2)蝸輪結(jié)構(gòu)Wormgearstructure整體式蝸輪:Integralwormgear:主要用于鑄鐵蝸輪或者小直徑的青銅蝸輪Mainlyusedforcastironwormgearsorsmalldiameterbronzewormgears四、失效形式、材料和結(jié)構(gòu)Failuremodes,materials,andstructures4.蝸桿和蝸輪的結(jié)構(gòu)StructureofWormandWormGear(2)蝸輪結(jié)構(gòu)Wormgearstructure整體式蝸輪:Integralwormgear:主要用于鑄鐵蝸輪或者小直徑的青銅蝸輪Mainlyusedforcastironwormgearsorsmalldiameterbronzewormgears組合式蝸輪:Combinati