2023-2024學年度第二學期北京育才學校高一英語學科期中考試試卷（總分：150分，考試時間：120分鐘）本試卷分第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）和第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）兩部分。第Ⅰ卷Ⅰ.聽力理解（共三節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)：（共5小題；每小題1.5分，共7.5分）聽下面5段對話，每段對話后有一道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。每段對話你將聽一遍。1.Whenwillthemeetingstart?A.At4:10.B.At4:00.C.At3:30.2.Whatisthemandoing?A.Makinganappointment.B.Askingforhelp.C.Offeringadvice.3.Wheredoesthisdialogueprobablytakeplace?A.Intheoffice.B.Atthebank.C.Attheairport.4.WhatisthewomanprobablygoingtodoonSunday?A.Doherwork.B.Watchamovie.C.Attendaparty.5.Whydoesthemancomebacktothetheater?A.Tolookforsomething.B.Tobuyaticket.C.Toseeaplay.第二節(jié)（共10小題，每小題1.5分，共15分）聽下面4段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有5秒鐘的時間閱讀每小題。聽完后，每小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白你將聽兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6至7題。6.Whatistheman’sproblem?A.Hehascaughttheflu.B.Hehastroublesleeping.C.Hehasgotastomachache.7.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Eatmorefreshfruits.B.Haveenoughwaterandrest.C.Takethemedicineonceaday.聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.Whatisthewoman?A.Acollegestudent.B.Asecretary.C.Anassistant.9.Whydoesthemanthinkthewomanistherightpersonforthejob?A.Shecanworkfulltime.B.Sheisthefirstonetoapply.C.Shehassimilarworkexperience.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatisthedialoguemainlyabout?A.Apark.B.Aposter.C.Anactivity.11.Whatiseverymemberrequiredtowear?A.Whiteshoesandblacktrousers.B.AwhiteT-shirtandbrownshoes.C.AbrownT-shirtandblacktrousers.12.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Motherandson.C.Classmates.聽第9段材料，回答第13至15題。13.WhatistheweatherlikeinNorthChinatoday?A.B.C.14.WhatwillthetemperaturebeinBeijingtomorrow?A.-1℃.B.2℃.C.6℃.15.Whatisthespeaker’ssuggestiontothetravelersinthesoutheast?A.Goskiing.B.Takewarmclothes.C.Confirmtheflight.第三節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，共7.5分）聽下面一段對話，完成第16至20五道小題，每小題僅填寫一個詞。聽對話前，你將有20秒鐘的時間閱讀試題，聽完后你將有60秒鐘的作答時間。這段對話你將聽兩遍。請將答案寫在答題卡上。RoomRentingPreferenceAone-bedroom16Facilities（設施）A17andastoveDistancetoCityUniversityAten-minute18Rent$200a19Daytovisit20Ⅱ.完形填空（共20小題，每小題1.5分，共30分）Itwasmyfirstyearteachinginaspecialneedsclass,andIwasn’tsurewhattoexpectatouryearlySpecialOlympicssportsmeeting.My___1___hadsomechallenges,fromlearningdisabilitiestocerebralpalsy（大腦性麻痹）.Markwasonewiththelatter.Restrictedtoa___2___,hehadtofighthisspasms（抽筋）justtocontrolhismovements.___3___,healwayshadapositiveattitudeandgreetedeveryonewithahugesmile.Hisclassmates___4___himandalwaystookthetimetomakesurehewasincludedingroupactivities,especiallyMike,AndyandLucas,threeboyswhoweregoodat___5___Obviously,Markwantedtobelikethem,unrestrictedbythelimitationofhis___6___andwatchingthemmovingontheplayingfieldseemedtofillhimwith___7___Whenthedaycame,Mike,AndyandLucas___8___wellintheirsportsevents,andgavethenormallycalmaudiencesomethingtocheerabout.Marksatinhiswheelchaironthesidelines,___9___themon.Thefinaleventofthedaywasthe400meterrace.___10___wasinvitedtoeitherwalkorrun,accordingtotheirability,aroundthe___11___lengthofthetrack.WhenMike,AndyandLucasreachedthefinishline,they___12___andturnedtolookbehindthem.Atthe___13___ofthecrowd,determinednottobeleftbehind,wasMark.Allhisclassmateshad___14___him.Hewasaloneonthetrackwithoverhalfthedistanceleftto___15___Mike,AndyandLucaslookedateachother,andasilent___16___passedbetweenthem.Slowly,theyjogged___17___towardstheirfriend,cheeringhimon___18___hehaddoneforthemmomentsbefore.Theprogresswas___19___,butintheendthethreestarrunnersandMarkcrossedthefinishlinetogethertotheenthusiasticcriesoftheirteachersandclassmates.SeeingthelookonMark’sfaceashecrossedthefinishline,handsupraisedandlaughing,Icametounderstandwhat___20___theSpecialOlympics,andthedeterminedathleteswhocompete,soextraordinary.Yearslater,I’mstillcheeringthemon.1.A.partners B.friends C.students D.classmates2.A.bed B.machine C.wheelchair D.desk3.A.So B.However C.Otherwise D.Therefore4.A.protected B.satisfied C.respected D.loved5.A.sports B.practice C.studies D.expression6.A.interests B.body C.habits D.mind7.A.wonder B.trust C.stress D.reset8.A.trained B.played C.operated D.prepared9.A.bringing B.holding C.cheering D.moving10.A.Someone B.Nobody C.Anybody D.Everyone11.A.entire B.different C.average D.equal12.A.fell B.paused C.rushed D.rested13.A.center B.front C.end D.top14.A.left B.ignored C.passed D.helped15.A.continue B.jog C.walk D.cover16.A.demand B.thought C.action D.relief17.A.back B.along C.again D.on18.A.while B.although C.since D.as19.A.boring B.great C.slow D.relaxing20.A.leaves B.finds C.keeps D.makes【答案】1.C2.C3.B4.D5.A6.B7.A8.B9.C10.D11.A12.B13.C14.C15.D16.B17.A18.D19.C20.D【解析】【分析】本文是記敘文。文章講述了作者的得了大腦性麻痹癥的學生很渴望像其他的學生一樣，但是他盡管身體的殘疾但是非常的樂觀，在運動會上其他的同學陪伴著他跑完了全程?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的學生們有一些挑戰(zhàn)，從學習障礙到腦癱。A.partners合作者；B.friends朋友；C.students學生；D.classmates同學。結合上下文可知作者是老師，在特殊奧運會上，應該是他的學生遇到一些挑戰(zhàn)。故選C?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：限制在一個輪椅,他抗擊痙攣來控制自己的活動。A.bed床；B.machine機器；C.wheelchair輪椅；D.desk桌子。根據“Markwasonewiththelatter.”得知，馬克患有大腦麻痹癥，他的身體受到輪椅的束縛。故選C。【3題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：他總是有一個積極的態(tài)度，以一個巨大的微笑迎接每個人。。A.So因此，所以。B.However然而。C.Otherwise否則。D.Therefore因此。根據“hehadtofighthisspasms（抽筋）justtocontrolhismovements.”得知開始，他不得不和身體的抽搐做斗爭以便控制自己的行動，但是，他總是有一個積極的態(tài)度，這里表轉折。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他的同學很愛他，總是花時間幫助他，確保他能夠參加小組活動。A.protected受保護的。B.satisfied使?jié)M意的。C.respected尊敬的。D.loved熱愛的。根據“andalwaystookthetimetomakesurehewasincludedingroupactivities”得知，他的同學很愛他。故選D?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：邁克，安迪和盧卡斯三個男生都擅長運動。A.sports運動；B.practice練習；C.studies學習；D.expression表達。根據“yearlySpecialOlympicssportsmeeting.”得知，這篇文章講的參加運動會，故可知這里的三個男生都擅長運動。故選A。【6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：顯然，馬克想要像他們一樣，不受自己身體的限制，看著他們在賽場上移動，他似乎充滿了驚奇。A.interests興趣；B.body身體；C.habits習慣；D.mind想法。根據“hehadtofighthisspasms（抽筋）justtocontrolhismovements.”很顯然，馬克想和那三個男生一樣，不受身體的限制。故選B?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：顯然，馬克想要像他們一樣，不受自己身體的限制，看著他們在賽場上移動，他似乎充滿了驚奇。A.wonder驚奇；B.trust信任；C.stress壓力；D.reset設置，清零。根據“Markwantedtobelikethem,unrestrictedbythelimitation”得知，馬克看著他們在運動場上運動，內心充滿了驚奇。選A?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：麥克，安迪還有盧卡斯在他們的項目上做的非常好，引得觀眾們瞬間歡呼起來。A.trained訓練；B.played參加競賽；C.operated操作；D.prepared準備。根據“Marksatinhiswheelchaironthesidelines,”麥克，安迪還有盧卡斯參加了比賽項目。選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：馬克坐在邊線上，也和他們一起歡呼。A.bringing帶來；B.holding持有；C.cheering歡呼；D.moving移動。根據“gavethenormallycalmaudiencesomethingtocheerabout.”：馬克坐在邊線上，也和觀眾們一起歡呼。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查不定代詞詞義辨析。句意：最后一個項目是400米賽跑，每個人都被邀請盡他們自己努力，在整個跑道上行走或者跑步。A.Someone有人；B.Nobody無人；C.Anybody任何人；D.Everyone每個人；根據“accordingtotheirability,”，每個人都被邀請去走或者跑步。選D?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：最后一個項目是400米賽跑，每個人都被邀請盡他們自己的努力，在整個跑道上行走或者跑步。A.entire整個；B.different不同；C.average平均；D.equal平等。根據“Thefinaleventofthedaywasthe400meterrace.”，每個人都被邀請在整個跑道上行走或者跑步。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當麥克，安迪還有盧卡斯到達終點線的時候，他們停下來，轉過身去看看他們后面的人。A.fell掉下；B.paused暫停；C.rushed急忙；D.rested休息。根據“andturnedtolookbehindthem”得知，當麥克，安迪還有盧卡斯到達終點線的時候，他們停下來。選B?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在人群的末端，是馬克，他也決心不落后。A.center中間；B.front前面；C.end末端；D.top頂部。根據“Hewasaloneonthetrackwithoverhalfthedistanceleftto”可知，在人群的末端，是馬克。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：所有的同學都超過了他。A.left離開；B.ignored忽略；C.passed通過；D.helped幫助。根據“Hewasaloneonthetrackwithoverhalfthedistanceleftto”得知，所有的同學都超過了他。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：馬克一個人在跑道上完成他剩下的距離。A.continue繼續(xù)；B.jog慢跑；C.walk步行；D.cover覆蓋，走完。根據“Hewasaloneonthetrackwithoverhalfthedistanceleftto”得知，馬克一個人在跑道上完成他剩下的距離，由于馬克是坐在輪椅上，故排除B,C。coveradistance行走一段距離，固定結構，故選D?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：麥克，安迪還有盧卡斯互相看了看，他們默認了一個相同的想法。A.demand要求；B.thought想法；C.action行動；D.relief救濟。根據“Slowly,theyjogged17towardstheirfriend,”得知，麥克，安迪還有盧卡斯他們默認了一個相同的想法。故選B。17題詳解】考查詞義辨析詞義辨析。句意：他們向他們的朋友馬克跑去。A.back后面；B.along沿著；C.again再次；D.on繼續(xù)。根據“Hewasaloneonthetrackwithoverhalfthedistanceleftto”得知，他們向他們的朋友馬克跑去，馬克在他們的身后，應該是向后跑去。故選A。【18題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：他們?yōu)轳R克加油，正如馬克之前為他們加油一樣。A.while當…時候；B.although盡管；C.since自從，因為；D.as正如。根據“hehaddoneforthemmomentsbefore.”得知，像馬克之前為他們加油一樣。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：進展緩慢，但最后三位明星選手和馬克在老師和同學的熱烈呼喊下一起沖過了終點線。A.boring令人厭煩的；B.great偉大的；C.slow緩慢的；D.relaxing放松的。根據前文，馬克是坐在輪椅上，所以他們的進度是慢的。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：看到馬克跨過終點線時臉上的表情，舉手大笑，我明白了什么是殘奧會，以及那些頑強拼搏的運動員們，如此非凡。。A.leaves離開；B.finds發(fā)現；C.keeps保持；D.makes制作，促成。結合第一段，通過這件事情，“我”明白了什么是殘疾人奧運會。make表示“使成為”。what引導賓語從句，在賓語從句中作主語。這里作者理解了什么促成了奧運會，故選D。Ⅲ.閱讀理解（共40分）第一節(jié)：閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ATEENZONEANNOUNCEMENTSAttheNewtonPublicLibraryREGISTERFORASUMMEROFSTORIESSignupandreceiveyourreadinglogattheCirculationDesk.Recordbooksyoureadoverthesummerandhaveaparentsignnexttoeachtitle.Thetopfivereaderswillreceiveprizessuchasgiftcards,magazinesubscriptions,andmovietickets.TEENZONERESOURCESLooktotheTeenZone’s“ReadyReference”comerforallthehelpyouneedtolocateinformationontheInternet.Ms.Frye,thelibrarian,willsharetipsonkeywordsearchestofindinterestinginformationaboutcertainbooks.Youmusthaveasignedparentpermissionslipbeforeusingthecomputers.Accessislimitedto30minutesandisonafirst-come,first-servedbasis.EVENTSPoetrySessionMonday,June166:00-8:00P.M.Teenpoetscanbeliterarycelebritiesforanightbyreadingtheiroriginalworkatthisspecialevent.Friendsandfamilymembersareencouragedtoattendandshowtheirsupport.Afeworiginalpoemsmaybeselectedforpublicationinthenextlibrarynewsletter.FoodanddrinkswillbeprovidedLearnOrigamiWednesday,June43:00-4:00P.M.ThisclassprovidesbooksandinstructionintheancientJapaneseartoffoldingcolourfulsquaresofpaperintoshapes,suchasbirds,insects,orflowers.EcoCraftswithJasleenWednesday,June113:00-4:00P.M.Makeearth-friendlycraftsfromrecyclablematerials.Withguidancefromatalentedteacherandbooks,youwillmakenewcreationsfromeverydayitems.Startrecyclingtoday,andbringitemstosharewiththegroup.MagazineandBookArtWednesday,June183:00-4:00P.M.ThelibraryneedstobeautifythewallsoftheTeenZone.Wewillbetransformingartworkfromoldbooksandmagazinesintouniquemasterpiecestoframeandhangonthewalls.Putyourcreativespinonsomephotographs,andhelpensurethattheTeenZoneremainsthehighlightofthelibrary.Note:Registrationisrequiredforalltheevents.RegisterattheCirculationDeskorbycalling1-800-290-5992.Spaceislimited,soreserveyourspotsoon!21.TosearchforinformationonlinefromTEENZONERESOURCES,youhaveto.A.askMs.Fryeforthepassword B.registerattheCirculationDeskC.getpermissionfromyourparent D.bringyourbooksandreadinglog22.Ifyouareinterestedinmakingdifferentshapeswithpaper,youcancometo.A.PoetrySession B.LearnOrigamiC.EcoCraftswithJasleen D.MagazineandBookArt23.TeenZoneisaplacewhereyoucan.A.watchmovies B.meetmanyworld-famouspoetsC.exchangeartworks D.havenewexperiencewithbooks【答案】21.C22.B23.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹青少年區(qū)給學生們提供各種不同的圖書資源和活動，讓學生們有不一樣的收獲。【21題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據文中“TEENZONERESOURCES”部分的“Youmusthaveasignedparentpermissionslipbeforeusingthecomputers.（在使用電腦之前，你必須有家長簽署的同意書。）”可知，在TEENZONERESOURCES查詢信息需要有父母的簽字許可。故選C?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據文中“LearnOrigami”部分的內容“ThisclassprovidesbooksandinstructionintheancientJapaneseartoffoldingcolourfulsquaresofpaperintoshapes,suchasbirds,insects,orflowers.（這門課程提供書籍和指導，教學生如何將五顏六色的方形紙折疊成鳥、昆蟲或花朵等形狀。）”可知，如果你對用紙做出不同的形狀感興趣，你可以來“LearnOrigami”。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文中REGISTERFORASUMMEROFSTORIES部分的句子“SignupandreceiveyourreadinglogattheCirculationDesk.Recordbooksyoureadoverthesummerandhaveaparentsignnexttoeachtitle.Thetopfivereaderswillreceiveprizessuchasgiftcards,magazinesubscriptions,andmovietickets.（在借閱處注冊并接收你的閱讀日志。記錄下你在夏天讀過的書，并在每本書名旁邊都有家長的簽名。前五名讀者將獲得禮品卡、雜志訂閱和電影票等獎品。）”可知，學生們可以從青少年區(qū)獲取一些關于圖書的新體驗。故選D。BForsomepeople,musicisnofunatall.Aboutfourpercentofthepopulationiswhatscientistscall“amusic”.Peoplewhoareamusicarebornwithouttheabilitytorecognizeorreproducemusicalnotes.Amusicpeopleoftencannottellthedifferencebetweentwosongs.Amusicscanonlyhearthedifferencebetweentwonotesiftheyarefarapartonthemusicalscale.Asaresult,songssoundlikenoisetoanamusic.Manyamusicscomparethesoundofmusictopiecesofmetalhittingeachother.Lifecanbehardforamusics.Theirabilitytoenjoymusicsetsthemapartfromothers.Itcanbedifficultforotherpeopletoidentifywiththeircondition.Infact,mostpeoplecannotbegintograspwhatitfeelsliketobeamusic.Justgoingtoarestaurantorashoppingmallcanbeuncomfortableorevenpainful.Thatiswhymanyamusicsintentionallystayawayfromplaceswherethereismusic.However,thiscanresultinwithdrawalandsocialisolation.“Iusedtohateparties,”saysMargaret,aseventy-year-oldwomanwhoonlyrecentlydiscoveredthatshewasamusic.BystudyingpeoplelikeMargaret,scientistsarefinallylearninghowtoidentifythisunusualcondition.Scientistssaythatthebrainsofamusicsaredifferentfromthebrainsofpeoplewhocanappreciatemusic.Thedifferenceiscomplex,anditdoesn’tinvolvedefectivehearing.Amusicscanunderstandothernonmusicalsoundswell.Theyalsohavenoproblemsunderstandingordinaryspeech.Scientistscompareamusicstopeoplewhojustcan’tseecertaincolors.Manyamusicsarehappywhentheirconditionisfinallydiagnosed(診斷).Foryears,Margaretfeltembarrassedaboutherproblemwithmusic.Nowsheknowsthatsheisnotalone.Thereisanameforhercondition.Thatmakesiteasierforhertoexplain.“WhenpeopleinvitemetoaconcertIjustsay,‘No,thanks.I’mamusic,’”saysMargaret.“IjustwishIhadlearnedtosaythatwhenIwasseventeenandnotseventy.”24.Whichofthefollowingistrueofamusics?A.Theycaneasilytelltwodifferentsongsapart.B.Theirsituationiswellunderstoodbymusicians.C.Listeningtomusicisfarfromenjoyableforthem.D.Theyloveplaceswheretheyarelikelytohearmusic.25.Accordingtoparagraph3,apersonwith“defectivehearing”isprobablyonewho______.A.hasahearingproblem B.canhearanythingnonmusicalC.dislikeslisteningtospeeches D.lacksacomplexhearingsystem26.Inthelastparagraph,Margaretexpressedherwishthat______.A.shewereabletomeetotheramusics B.herproblemcouldbeeasilyexplainedC.shewereseventeenyearsoldratherthanseventy D.herproblemwithmusichadbeendiagnosedearlier27.Whatisthepassagemainlyconcernedwith?A.Identificationandtreatmentofamusics. B.Somepeople’sinabilitytoenjoymusic.C.Amusics’strangebehaviour. D.Musicaltalentandbrainstructure.【答案】24.C25.A26.D27.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。講述了一群特殊的人——“音盲”（沒有樂感的人），對他們而言，音樂如同噪音一般，沒有任何樂趣。沒有欣賞音樂的能力給他們的生活帶來了諸多不便，不過，令人高興的是，他們的這種狀況目前已得到診斷?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段“Forsomepeople,musicisnofunatall.Aboutfourpercentofthepopulationiswhatscientistscall“amusic”.(對有些人來說，音樂對他們說沒有任何樂趣而言。大約4%的人口是科學家所說的“音盲”)”可知，C項“聽音樂對他們來說遠非享受”符合對音盲的描述，故選C?！?5題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據劃線詞后文“Amusicscanunderstandothernonmusicalsoundswell.Theyalsohavenoproblemsunderstandingordinaryspeech.Scientistscompareamusicstopeoplewhojustcan’tseecertaincolors.(樂盲者可以很好地理解其他非音樂性的聲音。他們在理解普通言語方面也沒有問題?？茖W家們把音樂比作看不見某些顏色的人)”可推知，“defectivehearing”指一個人聽力有障礙，下文說明了樂盲者不涉及聽力問題，即，有聽力缺陷。故選A。【26題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段中“IjustwishIhadlearnedtosaythatwhenIwasseventeenandnotseventy.(我真希望我是在十七歲而不是七十歲的時候學會這么說的)”可知，Margaret表達了她的愿望，希望自己在音樂方面的問題能早點得到診斷。故選D?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。文章第一段“Peoplewhoareamusicarebornwithouttheabilitytorecognizeorreproducemusicalnotes.Amusicpeopleoftencannottellthedifferencebetweentwosongs.(有音樂天賦的人天生就沒有識別或重現音符的能力。喜歡音樂的人常常不能分辨兩首歌的不同)”告訴讀者大約4%的人是“音盲”；第二段講述歌曲對于沒有樂感的人來說聽起來像噪音，以及由此給他們的生活帶來的不便；第三段分析了原因，是因為他們的大腦與能欣賞音樂的人的大腦不同造成的，但這又不同于有聽力障礙的人；最后一段以Margaret為例，說明他們的這種狀況最終得以診斷。可知這篇文章主要講的是有些人不能欣賞音樂。故選B。CRewardmethodsareaneverydayoccurrenceinourclassrooms.Morethanever,agreatnumberofincentive(激勵)programshavebeencreatedtohelpteachersmanagebehavior,andmotivatelearners.However,thereisevidencethatinthelongrun,rewardsystemsdon’twork.Manypeoplebelievethatrewardscanhelpstudentsdevelopareasontodobetter.However,thisapproachfailstoaddresswhychildrenareunabletobesuccessfulinthefirstplace.Whenastudentwhodislikesmathfrequentlybehavesbadlyinclass,asimpleandeasywaytodealwiththebehaviormightbetoofferhimarewardfornotmisbehaving.Yetthiswoulddonothingtosolvehisrealproblem—whichishisattitudetowardsmath.Ontheotherhand,rewardscan’tlastforever.Sowhathappenswhentheystop?Manyexperimentssuggestoncetherewardsstop,peoplegobacktobehavingastheydidbefore.Somepeoplemightcounterthat.Itmaybetruethatstudentswon’tpositivelyworkoncewestoprewardingthem,butatleasttheywillhaveworkedmorethantheyotherwisewouldhave!Unfortunately,thereisanothermoresurprisingconsequenceofrewardsthatweneedtoconsider:Ratherthancreatemotivation,theycanactuallydecreasemotivation.Inaclassicstudy,somekindergartenerswhoenjoyeddrawingwithmarkerswereobservedinaclassroomwithdifferentactivitiesavailable.Theywerebrokenintotwogroups.Everyoneinthefirstgroupwastoldthatheorshecouldwinanattractivecertificatebydrawingapicturewithmarkers.Eachwaseagertogetthecertificateanddrewapicture.Childreninthesecondgroupwerealsoencouragedtodrawbutdidn’tgetacertificate.Afteradelayofabouttwoweeks,whenthemarkersagainappearedintheclassroombutnocertificatewaspromised,thechildreninthefirstgroupusedthemarkersabouthalfasmuchaschildreninthesecondgroup.Apparently,rewardsactuallymadethemenjoydrawingless.Whatwereallywantisforstudentstotakeresponsibilityfortheirownlearning.Whenmuchofthefocusisonperformanceoutcome,itcanstopthedevelopmentofself-motivation.The‘self-determinationtheory’claimsallhumanbeingswillsucceedwhenourbasic,inborn,andemotionalneedsaremet.Byprovidingappropriatesupportandopportunities,wecanhelptomeettheneedsofallstudentsandthereforeincreasetheirmotivation.28.Theauthormainlyarguesthat________.A.studentsshouldberesponsiblefortheirlearningB.incentiveprogramshelptosolverealproblemsC.motivationplaysanimportantroleinlearningD.rewardmethodsforstudentsareineffective29.Theunderlinedword“counter”inParagraph4probablymeans________.A.suspectB.opposeC.detailD.confirm30.InParagraph5,theauthorusestheexampletoshowthat________.A.rewardskeepinterestB.childrenenjoyawardsC.childrenarechangeableD.rewardsreducemotivation31.Theauthorpersuadesreaderstoaccepthisargumentmainlyby________.A.questioningtheresultsofclassicstudiesB.comparingstrengthswithweaknessesC.pointingouttheproblemswithrewardsystemsD.givingexamplesofbadly-behavedstudents【答案】28.D29.B30.D31.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，議論了現在的獎勵機制對于孩子的影響具體表現在哪些方面，同時還介紹了一種正確的獎勵機制?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段中的“However,thereisevidencethatinthelongrun,rewardsystemsdon’twork.”可知，這個獎勵機制在長遠來看是沒有效果的，故D選項是正確的。【29題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據劃線詞“Itmaybetruethatstudentswon’tpositivelyworkoncewestoprewardingthem,butatleasttheywillhaveworkedmorethantheyotherwisewouldhave!”可知，一旦我們停止對學生的獎勵，學生們就不會積極地工作，所以此處的解釋應該是“反駁”，故B選項正確。【30題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第五段中“Apparently,rewardsactuallymadethemenjoydrawingless.”可知，通過這個例子是說明獎勵會減少動力。故D選項正確?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段中“Whenmuchofthefocusisonperformanceoutcome,itcanstopthedevelopmentofself-motivation.”可知，作者通過指出獎勵機制的不足來讓讀者接受他的觀點。故C選項正確。DInthefaceofthetensionsandpressuresweallfaceeverysingleday,asenseofhumorcanbehelpful.Theabilitytolaughisveryimportanttoourfullestdevelopmentandtoour“mentalhealth”.Andifwecanlaughatourselves,we’reevenfurtheralongtheroadtoself-fulfillment.Considerthefollowingexample.Gordonishopingtobecomeaprofessionalsinger.Hehasagoodvoice,andhasperformedinpublicmanytimes.Buthe’sverysensitiveabouthisabilities.Forinstance,ifhisvoicecoachsuggestshepracticeaparticularsongafewmoretimesuntilhegetsitright,Gordonfallsapart,absolutelycertainthatthecoachisimplyingthatheisn’tanygoodandhehasnofutureinmusic.Hementionedhissensitivityinhispaperforapsychologyclass.Thepsychologyprofessorcalledhimin,outwardlytotalkaboutthepaper,buthopingtogivetheboyachancetoopenupabouttheproblem.Theteacherrarelytoldherstudentswhattheyoughttodo,butshefeltGordonshouldknowthatsuchextremesensitivitywouldmakeitdifficultforhimintheentertainmentfield,wherestagepersonnel,andfellowperformersoftenareveryhardonnewtalent.SheaskedGordonifhefelthehadmadenecessarypreparationstofollowthroughinsuchacompetitiveanddifficultbusiness.Gordongotangrywiththeteacher,pointingabravefingerather,andtoldhershewas“deadwrong”abouthim.Further,Gordonaskedwhatshecouldpossiblyknowaboutmusicandthepressuresoftheprofession.TheteacherstoodupandturnedGordonaround,rightinthemiddleofasentence,askinghimtocontinue,buttowatchhimselfinthemirroronthebackoftheofficedoorashetalked.Gordontriedtogoon,pointingandgesticulating,butsuddenlyhesawhisexpressioninthemirror,thenwhenheturnedtofacethepsychologist,henoticedasmilebeginningtoformontheteacher’sface.Attheverytopofhis“outburst,”Gordonburstoutlaughing.Hestoppedhisaggressivetalkandaskedtheteacherifhelookedthatridiculousallthetime.Seeinghimself“objectively”madeGordonrealizethathowridiculousitwastotakehimselfsoseriously.Inoureverydaylife,theabilitytocatchourselvesbeingsoserious,bearingalltheburdensoftheworld,andtryingtosavethehumanracehelpsusrelievesomebuilt-uptensionthroughlaughter.Laughterisanecessarypartofmentalhealth.Laughterisoneofthewaysinwhichwerelaxandrecreatetheselfhood.Thethingswefindinhumormayvary,buttheexperiencesofhumor,pleasure,andenjoymentareextremelyimportantandmustbefostered.32.Fromthefirsttwoparagraphs,wecanlearnthatGordon________.A.hasbrokenupwithhiscoachB.hasfailedtobeaprofessionalsingerC.keepspracticingandhopesforthebestD.feelsverysensitivetootherpeople’scomments33.WhydidthepsychologisttalkwithGordon?A.Todiscusshispaperwithhim.B.Tohelphimrealizehisproblem.C.Topointouthisrudebehaviors.D.Toofferadviceonreducingpressure.34.Howdoestheauthorsupporthisideas?A.Byofferinganalyses.B.Byprovidingresearchresults.C.Bygivinganexample.D.Bystatinganargument.35.Whatismainlydiscussedinthepassage?A.Meansoflaughter. B.Benefitsofhumor.C.Thecauseofsensitivity. D.Theimportanceofhealth.【答案】32.D33.B34.C35.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文，全文論述了幽默感和大笑對保持我們心理健康的益處?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據文中第二段“Forinstance,ifhisvoicecoachsuggestshepracticeaparticularsongafewmoretimesuntilhegetsitright,Gordonfallsapart,absolutelycertainthatthecoachisimplyingthatheisn’tanygoodandhehasnofutureinmusic.”可知，如果他的歌唱老師建議他把一首歌再練習好幾遍，直到唱對，他就會很崩潰，確信老師是在向他暗示他一無是處，在音樂上沒有未來，所以他對別人對他說的話非常敏感，故選D?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據文中第三段“Hementionedhissensitivityinhispaperforapsychologyclass.Thepsychologyprofessorcalledhimin,outwardlytotalkaboutthepaper,buthopingtogivetheboyachancetoopenupabouttheproblem.”，可知，他的心理教授把他叫去，表面上是討論論文，實際上是希望給這個男孩一個機會去把這個問題說開，故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段Inthefaceofthetensionsandpressuresweallfaceeverysingleday,asenseofhumorcanbehelpful…Considerthefollowingexample.可知，作者主要運用Gordon的例子來論證幽默感和大笑的好處，故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，第一段作者開門見山，告訴我們：大笑對我們有益處，接著舉了一個Gordon的例子來論證這個觀點，最后一段再次回歸主題：大笑對我們保持心理健康是必要的，故選B?！久麕燑c睛】文章的細節(jié)理解題可以細化為：（1）一一對應型。答案與題目在表達形式和意義上直接吻合，一一對應，一目了然。屬于淺層次的閱讀試題，分數比例較少。（2）語言轉述型。這是一類間接事實細節(jié)題，答案與題目在表達形式和意義上充分運用了詞義之間的轉述關系，即正確選項是原文有關詞語和句子的另類表達。屬于中檔難度題，分數比例較大。（3）語意理解型。這是一類深層事實細節(jié)理解題，答案與題目之間存在著一定的邏輯聯系，這種聯系需要建立在事實的基礎上通過上、下文來進行判斷、分析、歸納和整合，才能得出正確答案。屬于較高難度的事實細節(jié)題。（4）是非辨別型。這是一類綜合事實細節(jié)題，出題形式常常是“三正一誤”(三項正確，只有一項不符合原文內容)或“三誤一正”（三項錯誤，只有一項符合原文內容)。（5）事實排序型。這是一類運用多項事實進行排序的事實細節(jié)題，要求根據動作發(fā)生的先后順序、時間順序或者句子之間的邏輯關系，找出時間發(fā)生，發(fā)展的正確順序。例如:本篇文章中的第2小題，屬于文章細節(jié)理解中（2）語言轉述型，原文中的句子是“professorcalledhimin,outwardlytotalkaboutthepaper,buthopingtogivetheboyachancetoopenupabouttheproblem.”，題目是“WhydidthepsychologisttalkwithGordon?”，間接對應了選項B中“tohelphimrealizehisproblem”對原文句子的轉述表達，即“tohelphimrealizehisproblem”是“togivetheboyachancetoopenupabouttheproblem”的另一種表達。閱讀理解第二節(jié)：7選5（共10分，每題2分）Whenwewerechildren,weweretaughtthesimplestlessonstobeabletobuildgoodrelationshipswithothers.____36____However,thequestionis:whatmakesagoodrelationship?BewillingtoshareOnceyouareinagoodrelationship,youarenotjustthinkingaboutyourself.Youlearntosharewhatyouhave.____37____Youshouldalsoshareyourthoughts,yourideas,yourdreamsandevenyourfrustrations.LearntocarePeopleinagoodrelationshiparekindtoeachother.Theymakeeffortstoshowhowtheyvalueeachothers'space.Theybothtakethetimetoknowwhatmatterstotheotherandalsogivetimetotryouteachothers'interests.___38___.Learntoplayfair_____39_____EachoneisallowedtomovefreelyasanindividualHowever,eachactionisdonewithconsiderationoftheotherone'sfeelings.Nooneisabovetheother._____40_____Ahealthyunionisboundbycooperation.Thepeopleinvolvedworkasateamtoachieveonegoal.Eachonehelpsandsupportstheothertosucceedintheirindividualendeavors.Theyappreciateeachotherandtheygrowtogetherandasindividualsaswell.A.LearntocooperateB.learntoworkhardtowardsyourgoalC.Agoodrelationshipisatwo-waytraffic.D.Thisdoesnotjustincludematerialthings.E.Everyoneknowsthatthere