Grammar:-ingasadverbial

現在分詞作狀語Unit4Stageandscreen現在分詞作狀語①HavingseenquiteafewproductionsofHamletandreadtheplaymanytimes,Iwasfullofconfidence—untilthePekingOperacametotown!②Datingbacktothe18thcentury,PekingOperahasovertwohundredyearsofhistory.③StartingwithanorchestraplayingtraditionalChineseinstruments,theoperabroughtacompletelynewsoundtomyWesternears.④Then,seeingthemaincharacterscomeonstage,Iwassurprised!⑤Usingsuchtechniques,theoperahadtransformedasmallstageintothewholeuniverse.⑥Feelingthestrongemotionsoflove,anger,fearandgriefintheperformance,IcouldeasilyrecognisethethemeofHamlet.

試分析以上動詞-ing形式在句中所起的作用。何為非謂語？容兒喜歡唱歌。Lingronglikes

sing.

Lingronglikessinging.

Lingronglikestosing.動名詞謂語動詞2謂語動詞1不定式todo非謂語動詞是英語語法中的一個重要概念，它指的是在句子中不能單獨作謂語的動詞形式，主要包括不定式、動名詞和分詞（現在分詞和過去分詞）這三種。謂語是句子中表示主語動作或狀態的成分，是句子的核心部分之一，它說明主語做了什么、是什么或處于什么狀態，一般由動詞來充當。Task1

1.Thegirl_____________(dance)intheclassroomnow.

學會判斷何時使用非謂語動詞2.Thegirl___________(dance)intheclassroomnowandshelooksveryconfident.3.Thegirl_________（dance)intheclassroomnowlooksveryconfident.4.Thegirlwho___________(dance)intheclassroomnowlooksveryconfident.isdancingisdancingdancingisdancing語法梳理Task1誰是非謂語動詞動作發出者？Conclusion:現在分詞(doing)作狀語,其動作發出者是主句的_________,呈_____(主/被)動關系。主語主5.Feeling

thestrongemotionsoflove,anger,fearandgriefintheperformance,IcouldeasilyrecognizethethemeofHamlet.1.Dating

backtothe18thcentury,PekingOperahasovertwohundredyearsofhistory.2.Starting

withanorchestraplayingtraditionalChineseinstruments,theoperabroughtacompletelynewsoundtomyWesternears.3.Using

suchtechniques,theoperahadtransformedasmallstageintothewholeuniverse.4.BeforeexperiencingTheRevengeofPrinceZidan,Iwasn'tsureifIwouldenjoyit.2.HavingseenquiteafewproductionsofHamletandreadtheplaymanytimes,Iwasfullofconfidence.1.Seeingthemaincharacterscomeonstage,Iwassurprised！分析句中兩個動作發生的時間順序。seeingwassurprisedTask21.-ing的基本形式（時態）同時或基本同時Havingseenandreadwasfullofconfidence前后發生Conclusion:Doing一般式：與句中的謂語動詞______________________發生；Havingdone完成式:__________句中的謂語動詞發生。同時或基本同時先于doing形式被稱一般式。havingdone形式被稱完成式2.Havingbeenshownaroundthefactory，theyleft.1.Beingrepaired,thecarisn’tavailablenow.分析句中非謂語動詞和邏輯主語之間的關系。beingrepairedisn’tavailableTask32.-ing的基本形式（語態）同時或基本同時，表被動Havingbeenshownleft前后發生，表被動Conclusion:beingdone一般被動式：與句中的謂語動詞______________________發生；與句子主語為

關系。Havingdone完成式:__________主句中的謂語動詞發生；與句子主語為被動關系。同時或基本同時先于beingdone形式被稱一般被動式。havingbeendone形式被稱完成被動式被動Nothavingreceivedthehelmetandboot,Itelephonedtheseller.Nothaving

dreams，hislifeisinamess.現在分詞的否定式：notdoing，nothavingdone。nothavingisTask23.-ing的基本形式（否定）同時或基本同時Nothavingreceivedtelephoned前后發生Conclusion:notdoing一般否定式：與句中的謂語動詞______________________發生；nothavingdone完成否定式:__________句中的謂語動詞發生。同時或基本同時先于notdoing形式被稱一般否定式。nothavingdone形式被稱完成否定式動詞-ing形式作狀語時,在句中表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、結果、方式或伴隨動作,相當于對應的狀語從句或并列句。一、現在分詞作狀語的形式比較項主動語態被動語態一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone①當現在分詞的動作與謂語動詞的動作(幾乎)同時發生時,

用分詞的一般式。Seeingthebeautifulsight,thechildrenfelthappy.看到美麗的景色,孩子們很高興。seeing與felt同時發生②當現在分詞的動作發生在謂語動詞的動作之前時,用分詞的完成式。

Havingwrittentheletter,Johnwenttothepostoffice.(havingwritten發生在went之前)

寫完信后,約翰去了郵局。二、現在分詞作狀語的基本功能1.作時間狀語Puttingonhisclothes(=Afterheputonhisclothes),Billwentoutinahurry.穿上衣服后,比爾匆忙離開了。通常放在句首,相當于when、while、after等引導的時間狀語從句。Arrivingattheparty(=Whenshearrivedattheparty),shefoundallthepeoplegone.到達聚會點時,她發現所有的人都走了。句型轉換①WhenAliceturnedaround,shesawasmilingface.→

,Alicesawasmilingface.

②Afterwaitinginthequeueforhalfanhour,Joeyrealisedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.→

inthequeueforhalfanhour,Joeyrealisedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.

TurningaroundHavingwaited2.作原因狀語通常放在句首,相當于as、because、since、nowthat等引導的原因狀語從句。Beingill(=Ashewasill),hecouldnotwalkanyfarther.因為生病,他再也無法行走了。Beinganxiousabouthischild’ssafety(=Becausehewasanxiousabouthischild’ssafety),hecouldn’tfallasleep.因為擔心孩子的安全,他無法入睡。句型轉換①Becausehedidn’tfinishhisjob,Jackwasaskedtogotothemanager’soffice.→

hisjob,Jackwasaskedtogotothemanager’soffice.

Havingnotfinished②Becausehedidn’tknowwhichconcerttogoto,hedecidedtoaskforTom’sadvice.→

whichconcerttogoto,hedecidedtoaskforTom’sadvice.

Notknowing3.作條件狀語通常放在句首,相當于if、unless等引導的條件狀語從句。Usinganewmethod(=Ifweuseanewmethod),wecanfinishourtaskaheadoftime.如果我們使用一種新方法,我們就能提前完成任務。Goingstraightdowntheroad,youwillfindthecanteen.(=Unlessyougostraightdowntheroad,youwon’tfindthecanteen.)沿著這條路一直走,你就會找到食堂。(1)完成句子①

(仔細看地圖),youwillfindthecinemaeasily.

②

(再往湯里加上一點鹽),wecangetagoodtaste.

LookingatthemapcarefullyAddingalittlemoresalttothesoup(2)句型轉換③Ifyoutakeyourfather’sadvice,youcanfinishthetaskonschedule.→

yourfather’sadvice,youcanfinishthetaskonschedule.

Taking4.作讓步狀語通常放在句首,相當于although、though等引導的讓步狀語從句。Knowingallthis(=Althoughtheyknewallthis),theystillmademepayforthedamage.盡管知道了一切情況,他們還是要我賠償損失。KnowingwhereIlive(=ThoughheknowswhereIlive),henevercomestoseeme.盡管知道我住在哪里,他也從來沒有來看過我。句型轉換①Thoughhisparentslackmoney,theymanagedtosendhimtouniversity.→

,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.

Lackingmoney②Althoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes,hestilldidn’tlearntheserulesbyheart.→

,hestilldidn’tlearntheserulesbyheart.

Havingbeentoldmanytimes5.作結果狀語通常位于句末且前面有逗號,相當于一個并列分句。HerparentsmovedtoBeijing,leavingthehousetoher(=andleftthehousetoher).她的父母搬去了北京,把房子留給了她。句子語法填空①Ibuiltallmyhopesonhispromises,only_______

(find)thathewasnotanhonestperson.②Thebooksoldmorethan500,000copiesayear,thus

(make)itoneofthebestsellersatthattime.

tofindmaking動詞-ing形式作結果狀語,表示自然而然的結果;而動詞不定式作結果狀語則表示出乎意料的結果,且常與only連用。6.作方式或伴隨狀語用來說明動作發生的背景或狀況。一般情況下,現在分詞的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時進行,其動作發出者就是句子的主語。謂語動詞是主要動作,分詞是伴隨動作。方式狀語或伴隨狀語位于句首、句中或句末均可。Hewaswalkingalongthestreet,lookingthiswayandthat.他在街上走著,左顧右盼。Theyallstoodthere,watchingcloselyasthemagiciandidthetricks.他們都站在那里,密切注視著魔術師的表演。句型轉換①MaLiangusedastick,anddrewahorseonthegroundintenminutes.

→

astick,MaLiangdrewahorseonthegroundintenminutes.

Using②Mymotherputthefoodoutinthebackyardandenjoyedthestarsinthenightsky.→Mymotherputthefoodoutinthebackyard,

thestarsinthenightsky.

enjoying1.

(cover)anareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.(2022年新高考全國Ⅰ卷,語法填空)

考查非謂語動詞。設空處在句中作非謂語,cover和句子的邏輯主語theGPNP之間為邏輯上的主動關系,應用現在分詞形式作狀語,句首首字母大寫。故填Covering。Covering2.Heflew4,700kilometresfromXi’antoKashgaron20Sept.,

(plan)tohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.(2022年全國甲卷,語法填空)

planning考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知,句中已有謂語動詞flew,所以動詞plan應用非謂語動詞形式,plan與主語He之間為邏輯上的主謂關系,應用現在分詞,表主動。故填planning。3.Thestaffisfriendlyandhelpful,

(provide)

youwithamapofthecitywhenyouarrive,and

(offer)adviceifyourequiresome.(2021年新高考全國Ⅰ卷,閱讀A)

考查非謂語動詞。句子的謂語動詞是is,所以設空處應填非謂語動詞形式;而provide與offer和句子主語staff之間是主動關系,故用現在分詞作狀語。providingoffering4.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatly

(reduce)waterfowlhabitat(棲息地).(2021年新高考全國Ⅰ卷,閱讀C)

考查非謂語動詞。前面的動作導致后面順其自然的結果,應用現在分詞作結果狀語。故填reducing。reducing5.Later,theylearnttoworkwiththeseasons,plantingattherighttimeand,indryareas,

(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.(2020年浙江7月卷,語法填空)

考查非謂語動詞。句子的謂語動詞是learnt,所以設空處應填非謂語動詞形式;而make和句子主語they之間是主動關系,應用現在分詞作狀語。故填making。makingⅠ.句子語法填空1.Thepolicearesparingnoefforttosearchforthemissingman,

(give)hisfamilyarayofhope.

2.Tomcame,

(dash)intotheroomwithsomefilmticketsinhishand.

givingdashing3.

(spend)allhismoney,theboyhadtogivehismotheracall.

4.Thecarcrashhappened,

(injure)morethan5people.

5.While

(cross)thestreet,youmustbeverycareful.

Havingspentinjuringcrossing6.Winter

(come),itgetscolderandcolder.