強化練(九)跨學科背景知識語篇【2025高考英語大二輪專題強化練專題一四選一閱讀強化練(九)跨學科背景知識語篇考情速遞：英語作為一種交流的工具，不僅僅是一門語言，更是學生了解世界的媒介和手段。因此高考試題尤其是閱讀理解，往往會考查涉及跨學科背景知識的文章，因此考生在備考時要關注其他學科相關知識，做到有備無患。Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2023·泉州高三質檢)DNAtestingisoneofmodernmedicine’smostsignificantbreakthroughs.Today,anyonecanreceivepersonallizedinformationabouttheirgenes(基因)andancestrywithjustalittlesaliva(唾液).Now,aSeattle－basedcompanyisworkingtobringequallydeepanalysistothetrillionsofproteinswithinourbodies.NautilusBiotechnology,acompanyfoundedin2016bySeattle’sSujalPatelandtheSanFranciscoBayArea’sParagMallick,isdevelopingadevicetoidentifyandcount95%ofthedifferenttypesofproteinsinabiologicalsample.Humancellscancontainroughly20，000differenttypesofproteins,withcrucialfunctionsrangingfromdigestiontodiseaseprotection.Eachcellhasavaryingamountofeachprotein.Thecompanywantstomeasurethekeymachinery(機制)insidecellswithalevelofdetailthathasneverbeendonebefore.Existingtools,itsays，canonlymeasureupto8%ofthedifferenttypesofproteinsinbloodsamples.Sowhydopeoplecountproteins?Researchshowshealthycellsanddiseasedcellshavedifferingamountsandformsofeachprotein.Forexample，cancercellsmayhavemoreofProteinAthanProteinB.Knowingthatmighthelpintwoways.First，doctorscouldlookforhigherProteinAlevelstodetectcancerearly.Second，researcherscouldbetterdesigndrugstotargetProteinA.Nautilussayssuchproteinmeasurements，whichareuniquetoeverypersonandchangethroughoutpeople’slives,willnotonlyhelpdoctorsidentifymorespecificformsofdiseasebutalsohelppharmaceutical(制藥的)companiesfindmoreprecisedrugswithfewersideeffects.Whileothercompaniesalsoarebuildingnewproteinanalysismachines,expertsandprospectivecustomershaveexpressedexcitementoverNautilus’sapproach.Mallick,chiefscientistofNautilusandthebrainbehinditstechnology,isconfident.“It’snoteverydaywhenyouget...toworkonsomethingthat’stheopportunitytochangeallofbiology.”【語篇解讀】本文是新聞報道。DNA檢測是現代醫學最重要的突破之一。現在一家總部位于西雅圖的公司正致力于對我們體內數以萬億計的蛋白質進行同樣深入細致的分析，其目的是幫助醫生識別更具體的疾病形式并幫助制藥公司找到副作用更小且對癥治療更精確的藥物。1.WhatistheSeattle－basedcompanydoing?A.Tryingtocounttheamountsofbloodcells.B.ExaminingDNAforpersonalizedinformation.C.Developingadevicetoanalyzepeople’sproteins.D.RevealingmoreaboutourancestrieswithDNAtesting.答案C[細節理解題。根據第二段內容尤其是“isdevelopingadevice...biologicalsample”可知，這家公司正致力于開發一種能夠分析人體中不同類型的蛋白質的設備。]2.Whatmakestheinventionofthedevicepossible?A.Precisedrugsareguaranteed.B.Cellanalysistechniquesdevelopfast.C.Proteinsaremucheasiertobeanalyzed.D.Proteinamountsandformsvaryfromcelltocell.答案D[細節理解題。根據第三段中的“Humancellscancontain...varyingamountofeachprotein.”可知，人類細胞大約含有2萬種不同的蛋白質，且每個細胞每種蛋白質的數量都不同，這就使得開發能夠分析人體中不同類型的蛋白質的設備成為可能。]3.Inwhichareawillthedevicebehelpful?A.Diseasemonitoringandmachinedesign.B.Diseasedetectionanddrugdevelopment.C.Diseasepreventionandtargetedtreatment.D.Diseasetreatmentandthepreventionofsideeffects.答案B[推理判斷題。根據第四段中的“First，doctorscould...totargetProteinA”可知，這種設備一方面可以幫助醫生尋找更高的蛋白A水平來提早發現癌癥，另一方面有助于研究人員更好地設計針對蛋白A的藥物，即有助于疾病的檢測和藥物的開發。]4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.CombiningDNATestingwithProteinAnalysisB.SettingaNewExampleofMedicalSolutionsC.CreatingOpportunitiesforChangingBiologyD.AnalysingProteinsforNewMedicalBreakthroughs答案D[標題歸納題。文章第一段最后一句話點明了主題，告訴我們一家位于西雅圖的公司正致力于對我們體內數以萬億計的蛋白質進行深入的分析，文章后面幾段圍繞這一話題進行陳述并介紹了這樣做的意義，即為新的醫學突破進行人體蛋白質的分析，故選項D適合作文章的標題。](2023·濟南高三統一檢測)Radiocarbondatinghasrevealedtwofake(偽造的)paintingsinFrance—probablythefirsttimethetechniquehasbeenusedinapoliceinvestigation.Thepaintingsweresupposedlyworksfromaroundtheearlytwentiethcentury.ButateamledbyscientistLucileBeckattheUniversityofParis－Saclaydatedthemtosometimewithinthepast70years.Theuseofradiocarbondatingisgainingpopularity，thankstoadvancesthatrequiresmallersamplesthaneverbefore.Removingtiniersamplesfromartworksisbecomingmorepalatabletomuseumsandownersofpaintings.Ifthereisachancethatapaintingisgenuine—andthereforevaluable—theydon’twantthecollectionoflargersamplestodamageit.Alllivingthingstakeincarbon,includingradioactivecarbon－14,fromtheatmosphereandfood.Whenaplantcommonlyusedtomakecanvas(油畫布)dies,thecarbon－14thatitcontainedcontinuestofalloff.Radiocarbondatingmeasureswhat’slefttoestimatethetimethat’spassed,saysMariaelenaFedi,aphysicistattheNationalInstituteforNuclearPhysicsinFlorence，Italy.Atomic－bomb(原子彈)testing,whichbeganinthe1940sandtookoffinthe1950s,quicklyincreasedtheamountofcarbon－14intheatmosphere.Carbon－14peakedaround1964andwentdownafterapartialbanonnucleartests.Researcherscaneasilyidentifymaterialscontainingmodernbomb－producedradiocarbonbecausetheircarbon－14concentrationsarehigherthanpre－1950slevels.Beck’steamtesteditssamplestoseewhethertheyborethefeatureofthatbomb－producedradioactivecarbon－14.Thecanvasfiberfromthepaintingsclearlycontainedcarbonfromeitherthemid－1950soraftertheyear2000,theresearchersreported.Beckacknowledgedthat,ideally,theteamwoulddofurtherchemicalanalysistosupportitsfindings,buttheresearcherswerelimitedbythetighttime.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。利用碳定年法，法國警方發現了兩幅贗品畫。本文具體介紹了碳定年法的工作原理等相關信息。5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“palatable”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Impressive. B.Acceptable.C.Expensive. D.Difficult.答案B[詞義猜測題。根據第二段中的“Theuseofradiocarbon...thaneverbefore”可知，由于技術進步，碳定年法需要比以往任何時候都更小的樣本，這一方法越來越受歡迎。結合畫線詞所在的句子可知，從藝術品中提取更小的樣本，對博物館和畫作所有者來說正在變得更容易接受。故畫線詞意為“可接受的”。]6.Howdoesradiocarbondatingwork?A.Byremovingsamplesfromartworks.B.Byrequiringthesmallersamples.C.Bymeasuringthecarbon－14left.D.Bytestingthecarboninthesample.答案C[細節理解題。根據第三段尤其是該段尾句中的“Radiocarbondatingmeasureswhat’slefttoestimatethetimethat’spassed”可知，碳定年法通過測量剩下的碳14來估算時間。]7.Whatcanwelearnaboutatomic－bombtestinginParagraph4?A.Itproducesmorecarbon－14.B.Ithelpsidentifyfakepaintings.C.Itreducescarbonconcentrations.D.Ithasbeenstoppedcompletely.答案A[細節理解題。根據第四段中的“Atomic－bomb(原子彈)testing...intheatmosphere.”可知，20世紀40年代開始的原子彈試驗迅速增加了大氣中碳14的含量。]8.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.PaintingswaitingtobeidentifiedB.TwofakepaintingsfoundinFranceC.NewtechnologyinpaintingsbecomesahitD.Radiocarbondatingprovesananti－fakehelper答案D[標題歸納題。本文首段主要介紹了利用碳定年法發現兩幅贗品畫這一事件，引出了本文主題，即碳定年法能判定真偽。由此可以推知，D項“碳定年法成了防偽助手”最適合作本文標題。](2023·云南高三質檢)Inabout23years,itmayfinallybetimetolookup.Arecentlydiscoveredasteroid(小行星)hasachanceofhittingtheearthonValentine’sDayin2046.ItwasdiscoveredonFeb.26atanobservatoryinSanPedrodeAtacama,Chile.Whilethethoughtofanasteroidhittingtheearthmaysoundconcerning,NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)sayspeopleshouldn’tbeworried.Theasteroidhasanestimateddiameterofaround160feet,whichisaboutthesamesizeasanOlympicswimmingpoolorthewidthofafootballfield.“We’vebeentrackinganewasteroidnamed2023DWthathasaverysmallchanceofimpactingtheearth.Oftenwhennewobjectsarediscovered,ittakesseveralweeks’datatoreducetheuncertaintiesandadequatelypredicttheirorbitsyearsintothefuture，”NASA’sPlanetaryDefenseCoordinationOffice(PDCO)said.TheasteroidisrankedontheTorinoScaleasLevel1threat.Thescaleisatooltocategorizepotentialearthimpacts,withzerobeingnothreatand10beingsomethingthatcancauseaglobaldisaster.OneontheTorinoScalemeans2023DWisinthenormalorgreenzone.“Currentcalculationsshowthechanceofcollision(碰撞)isextremelyunlikelywithnoneedforpublicconcern，”NASAsaysofthegreenzone.“NewtelescopicobservationswillverylikelyleadtoreassignmenttoLevel0.”Although2023DWdoesn’tposeagreatrisktotheearth,NASAhasbeencontinuingtoworktodefendourplanetfromanyasteroidthatcouldcausedisasters.InSeptember,2022,NASAcrasheditsDoubleAsteroidRedirectionTestspacecraft,orDART,intoanasteroidtoseeifitcouldchangethetrajectoryofthespacerock.NASAlaterconfirmedthemissionwasasuccess,andiscontinuingtoresearchhoweffectivethemethodis,shouldamassiveasteroidbeheadedourway.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。美國國家航空航天局通過目前的計算顯示，2023DW小行星碰撞地球的可能性極低。9.WhatdoesNASA’sPDCOsayabout2023DW?A.Itistooclosetotheearth.B.Itmustbedestroyedinspace.C.Itsorbitisstilluncertainnow.D.Itsorbitshouldbechanged.答案C[細節理解題。第四段說的是美國國家航空航天局的行星防御協調辦公室認為，2023DW新小行星撞擊地球的可能性非常??；當發現新天體時，他們往往會通過幾周的數據減少這些新天體的不確定性，并充分預測它們未來幾年的軌道。由此可知，該部門認為2023DW新小行星的軌道尚不確定。]10.Howis2023DWrankedontheTorinoScale?A.AsLevelzerothreat.B.AsLeveltenthreat.C.Inthenormalzone.D.Inthethreateningzone.答案C[細節理解題。根據第五段中的“TheasteroidisrankedontheTorinoScaleasLevel1threat.”和“OneontheTorinoScalemeans2023DWisinthenormalorgreenzone.”可知，2023DW小行星在都靈等級中被列為1級威脅，且都靈等級中的1表示2023DW處于正常區域。由此可知，2023DW在都靈等級中被列入正常區域。]11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“trajectory”meaninthelastparagraph?A.Size. B.Weight.C.Angle. D.Path.答案D[詞義猜測題。根據上文可知，美國國家航空航天局通過研究該天體的軌道來預測并減少其對地球造成的威脅。由此可知，畫線詞意為“軌道”。]12.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AnAsteroidWasDiscoveredatanObservatoryinChileB.AnAsteroidIsComingOurWay,UnlikelytoHitUsC.ASpaceRockHasJustPassedtheEarthD.ASpacecraftHasBeenCrashedRecently答案B[標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講了美國國家航空航天局通過目前的計算顯示，2023DW小行星碰撞地球的可能性極低。故B項最適合作文章的標題。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2023·福建三校聯考)It’sinterestinghowourcontactsinfluenceourtomorrow’sday.Peopleweareinrelationshipswith__1__us.Whenwechange,weinevitablychangeourlifestylesandattitude.Let’sseewhetheryourfriends__2__yourfutureandifso,theninwhatwaystheydoso.Whenwe__3__someoneforthefirsttime,wearetryingtofindoutmoreabouteachother.Thefirst__4__youmakeonotherscounts.Butyour__5__contactwitheachotherformsthegeneralopinionofthepersonyouare__6__with.Ifyouareapositivepersonwhohasa(n)__7__personality,donotbeshytodemonstrateittostrangers.Strangersbecomeourfriendsandifyouignorethisfactand__8__tobewhoandwhatyoureallyarenot,thenyoumay__9__alotofgoodfriendships.Also,bewiseandlearnto__10__therightsortofpeople.Thisisimportantforyourfuture.Friendsusuallymeetatplacesorgooutside.Notonlydoyoulearnabouttheirpersonalitiesandcharacters,youalso__11__whathobbiestheyhave.Yourfriends’interestsmaybecomeyourinterests.Ifyoumakefriendswithsomeonewhosemainactivityis__12__，youwillmost__13__wanttoworkouttoo.Ifyourcircleoffriends__14__peoplewholeadapassivelifestyleanddonottakecareofthemselves,itisverypossiblethatyouwillsoonerorlaterturnintoa(n)__15__person.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了朋友的生活態度會潛移默化地影響我們的生活態度，對我們的未來產生影響。1.A.change B.improveC.need D.prevent答案A[change改變；improve改進；need需要；prevent阻止。根據上文“It’sinterestinghowourcontactsinfluenceourtomorrow’sday.”可知，我們與他人的聯系會影響我們的生活，由此可知，與我們有關系的人會改變我們，且與下文“Whenwechange”中的“change”呼應。]2.A.determine B.designC.shape D.concern答案C[determine決定；design設計；shape塑造；concern涉及。根據上文“Whenwechange,weinevitablychangeourlifestylesandattitude.”可知，我們與他人的聯系會改變我們的生活方式和態度，進而塑造我們的未來，由此可知，句中指朋友可能會在某種程度上塑造我們的未來。]3.A.forget B.chooseC.blame D.meet答案D[forget忘記；choose選擇；blame責怪；meet遇見。根據句中“wearetryingtofindoutmoreabouteachother”和生活常識可知，應該是當我們第一次遇見某人時，我們會想了解更多關于對方的信息。]4.A.impression B.commentC.decision D.promise答案A[impression印象；comment評論；decision決定；promise承諾。根據上文“Whenwe________someoneforthefirsttime”可知，當我們第一次遇見某人時，會給對方留下第一印象。由此可知，句中指你給別人的第一印象很重要。]5.A.second B.furtherC.formal D.active答案B[second第二的；further進一步的；formal正式的；active積極的。根據句中“generalopinion”和生活常識可知，對方對你的普遍看法應該是在你與對方進一步接觸的過程中形成的。]6.A.arguing B.cooperatingC.communicating D.dealing答案C[argue爭論；cooperate合作；communicate交流；deal處理。根據上文“Let’sseewhetheryourfriends________yourfuture”可知，句中探討的是朋友對你未來的影響，朋友是與你交流的人，由此可知，句中指進一步接觸形成了你的交流對象對你的普遍看法。]7.A.curious B.extraordinaryC.charming D.inspiring答案D[curious好奇的；extraordinary卓越的；charming迷人的；inspiring鼓舞人心的。根據句中“Ifyouareapositiveperson”可知，一個積極的人應該會具有鼓舞人心的個性。]8.A.refuse B.pretendC.manage D.prepare答案B[refuse拒絕；pretend假裝；manage管理；prepare準備。根據句中“whatyoureallyarenot”可知，句中指有時我們會假裝自己是某種人，但實際上我們并不是那種人。]9.A.preserve B.ruinC.gain D.miss答案D[preserve保護；ruin毀滅；gain獲得；miss錯過。根據句中“________tobewhoandwhatyoureallyarenot”和生活常識可知，在其他人面前不表現出真實的自己會導致我們錯過很多美好的友誼。]10.A.pick B.admitC.support D.believe答案A[pick選擇；admit承認；support支持；believe相信。根據句中“therightsortofpeople”可知，朋友會影響我們的未來，由此可知，我們應該學會選擇合適的人做朋友。]11.A.findout B.careaboutC.workout D.thinkabout答案A[findout發現；找出；careabout關心；在意；workout鍛煉；想出；thinkabout考慮。根據句中“whathobbiestheyhave”可知，在與朋友相處的過程中，我們可以發現他們有什么愛好。]12.A.reading B.travellingC.sports D.relaxation答案C[reading閱讀；travelling旅行；sports體育運動；relaxation放松。根據句中“wanttoworkouttoo”可知，朋友之間相互影響，由此可知，應該是朋友喜歡運動，你才會受到影響，想要鍛煉。]13.A.obviously B.likelyC.actually D.hopefully答案B[obviously明顯地；likely可能；actually事實上；hopefully有希望地。根據上文“Yourfriends’interestsmaybecomeyourinterests.”中的“may”可知，你朋友的興趣可能會成為你的興趣，句中強調可能性，由此可知，如果你朋友喜歡運動，你很可能也想鍛煉身體。]14.A.expect B.helpC.include D.recognize答案C[expect期待；help幫助；include包括；recognize承認。根據句中“yourcircleoffriends”和“peoplewholeadapassivelifestyle”可知，句中指你的朋友圈里包括一種人，這種人過著消極的生活。]15.A.active B.caringC.greedy D.lazy答案D[active積極的；caring樂于助人的；greedy貪婪的；lazy懶惰的。根據句中“peoplewholeadapassivelifestyleanddonottakecareofthemselves”可知，過著消極的生活，不照顧自己的人是懶惰的人，由此可知，在這樣的朋友的影響下，你很有可能遲早會變成一個懶惰的人。]A篇Para.1：personalizedadj.針對個人的；為個人特制的Para.3：crucialadj.至關重要的；關鍵性的B篇Para.1：techniquen.技巧，工藝；技術，技能investigationn.(正式的)調查，偵查；科學研究，學術研究Para.3：atmospheren.大氣，大氣層；空氣estimatev.估計takein吸收；領會；欺騙falloff減少；降低Para.4：takeoff突然成功；(飛機)起飛；突然大受歡迎，迅速流行C篇Para.1：chancen.可能性Para.3：estimatedadj.估計的，預計的diametern.直徑Para.4：trackv.跟蹤adequatelyadv.充分地Para.5：rankv.把……分等級potentialadj.潛在的，可能的Para.6：observationn.觀察Para.7：posevt.造成A篇譯文：NautilusBiotechnology是由西雅圖的SujalPatel和舊金山灣區的ParagMallick于2016年創立的一家公司，該公司正在研發一種設備，用于識別和計數生物樣本中95%的不同類型的蛋白質。強化練(六)句意猜測題與代詞指代題解題提示：1.句意猜測題要注意鎖定語句、前后尋找，意義吻合是解題提示。2.解答代詞指代題時一定要遵循就近原則，找出離代詞最近的名詞、詞組或句子等。Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2023·大連高三雙基測試)Citieshavebeendescribedasessentialtoclimatechangesolutions,buttheycanalsoraisethekindsofecologiststhatwillbringusintoamorecomprehensivebiologicalfuture.AsablackwildlifebiologistfromPhiladelphia,Istoodoutamongmycoworkers.Mypresenceinecologyhaschallengedassumptionsaboutnotonlywhatabiologistlookslike,butalsowhereabiologistcomesfrom.IntheU.S.,ecologywasconductedinrurallandscapes,butIhadnohistoryofcamping,fishing，huntingorhiking.IhadyettorecognizethatPhiladelphia,withitsfourseasonsandtherichnessofsquirrels(松鼠),rowhousesandfestivals,wasactuallymyfirstecologicalclassroom.ThereIwitnessedwildcatseatingbirdsandrats,peopleshootingbatsfromtheirhomesandsnakesbeingkilledbylawnmowers(割草機).Thisisasmuchecologyinactionasanythingwewitnessinfieldsandforests.Urbanwildanimalsexhibitmanyfeaturesandbehaviorsthatsetthemapartfromtheirruraltwins：Theymaybebigger,eatmorediversefood,areactiveatdifferenttimesoftheday,movedifferentlyandhavedifferentpersonalities.Somebiologistsarguetheyareeven“smarter”.Besides,urbanwildlifebalancesmorerisks—suchasroadchemicalpoisonsanddiseasesfromdomesticanimals—withrewards.Someofthoserewardscomefromhumansprovidingfoodandsomefromthedistributionofourparksandwaterbodies.Inourprofessionallivesasbiologists,livingwithsuchwildanimalscanmakeusmoretolerantofspeciesdiversity,whichcanbenefitthenaturalworld.Natureisnolongeronlyprimitivewildernessbutincludessoundsofhumanlaughterandgarbagetrucks.Weexpectmorebiologistsfromurbansettingsbecauseurbanenvironmentsnaturallytrainkeenobserverswhoarethefutureofecology.【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。“我”是一位來自費城的黑人野生生物學家，在同事中脫穎而出。“我”觀察到費城的野生動物不僅更能適應環境，還使得生物學家對生物多樣性更加包容。1.Whichmadetheauthorstandoutamonghiscoworkers?A.Hisnationality.B.Hiscitybackground.C.Hisinterestinoutdooractivities.D.Hisloveforanimals.答案B[細節理解題。根據第二段中的“Asablackwildlife...whereabiologistcomesfrom.”可知，作者是來自費城的黑人野生生物學家。由此可知，作者的城市背景讓其在同事中脫穎而出。]2.Whatdoestheunderlined“they”inparagraph3referto?A.Urbanwildanimals. B.Ruralanimals.C.Domesticanimals. D.Wildlifebiologists.答案A[代詞指代題。根據第三段第一句話的內容可知，城市野生動物有不同于農村野生動物的特征和行為，它們的體形可能更大，吃的食物更多樣化，在一天中的不同時間活動，行動方式不同，性格也不同。結合畫線詞所在句可知，“they”指代上句的主語“Urbanwildanimals”。]3.Whatdoweknowabouturbanwildanimals?A.Theyhavetroubleingettingfood.B.Theyenjoysaferlivingconditions.C.Theydobetterinfightingdiseases.D.Theyaremoreadaptabletoenvironment.答案D[細節理解題。根據第三段中的“urbanwildlife...animals—withrewards”可知，城市野生動物還要平衡更多的風險，例如道路化學毒物和家畜疾病，由此可知，城市野生動物更能適應環境。]4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.UrbanWildAnimalsSurviveB.BenefitsofCityConservationC.CitiesBuildBetterBiologistsD.ABlackBiologistfromPhiladelphia答案C[標題歸納題。根據最后一段的尾句“Weexpectmore...thefutureofecology”，再結合全文內容可知，本文從一位來自費城的黑人野生生物學家的角度闡述了城市環境能培養更好的野生生物學家的觀點。](2023·南京六校聯考)Howdoconsumerspay?Spendingoncreditcards?Down.Spendingondebitcards(借記卡)?Wayup.Debitcardshavebeentheheroformanypaymentcompaniesthisyear.AtVisaandMastercard,theUSdebit－carddollarpaymentandpurchasevolume(量)rose23%yearoveryearinthequarterendedinSeptember.Thesamewithcreditcardswasdown8%.Investorsshouldunderstandthedriversofthistomakeitclearwhetherthisvolumeislong－lasting.Paymentfirmsarereportingthatpeoplearemoreoftenusingcontactlesstap－to－paywhentheyshopinstores.Theseareoftenpurchasesforrelativelysmallerdollaramounts,whichtendtobeputondebitcards.Thereisalsomorecarduseinonlineshoppingforeverydaythingslikegroceries,whichareoftendebitpurchases.Economicstressplaysarole,too.Someconsumersmayhavebeencutofffromcreditcards.Otherssimplyliketousecreditcardslessduringtimesofeconomicuncertainty.Governmentstimulus(促進因素)isalsoadriver:Manystimuluspaymentsaremadeondebitcards.Sincecreditcards’stronghold—cross－bordertravel—isn’tcomingbacksoon,strengthindebitcardswillbeimportant.VisaandMastercardaretryingtopushdebitcardsintomoreareas,forexample,bylinkingtheirinstant－paymentdebitnetworkswithappstohelpmovemoneyfasterbetweendigitalaccounts.Anotherthingthatmaydrivedebit－cardusageamongyoungercustomersisthatmorefinancial－technologycompaniesareofferingthem.Mostpaymentproviderswon’tmindifthedebithabitstickssolongaspeopleareusingtheirnetworksinsomeform.Butitcouldbecomealong－termdragforbanksandlenders.Fornow,lendersandinvestorsmaybeOKwithlimitingtheircreditrisk,buteventuallytheywillreallyneedthosehigh－profitcardloans(貸款)togrowinalow－interest－rateworld.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文，主要介紹了今年人們支付時，用借記卡的比率在上升，而使用信用卡的比率比往年有所下降。5.Whydoestheauthorputforwardthequestionsinparagraph1?A.Topresenthisidea. B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Tomakeanargument. D.Tomakeacomparison.答案B[寫作意圖題。綜觀全文及第二段的“Debitcardshavebeentheheroformanypaymentcompaniesthisyear.”可知，這些問題是為了引出本篇文章的主題，也就是說今年借記卡成了許多支付公司的主角。]6.Inwhichsituationmaypeopleusecreditcardsmore?A.Whenpayingforatripabroad.B.Whenpayinginstoreswithoutcontact.C.Whenspendingsmallerdollaramounts.D.Whenshoppingintimesofeconomicuncertainty.答案A[細節理解題。根據第五段的“Sincecreditcards’stronghold—cross－bordertravel—isn’tcomingbacksoon...”可知，跨境旅游消費主要用信用卡。]7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inparagraph6referto?A.Customers.B.Debitcards.C.Paymentproviders.D.Financial－technologycompanies.答案B[代詞指代題。根據畫線詞所在句可知，更多的金融公司提供借記卡。]8.Whatcanweinferaboutthecreditcardsfromthelastparagraph?A.Theywillhavelowinterestrates.B.Theywillcauseriskstothebanks.C.Theywillimprovethebanks’income.D.Theywilldocustomersnogoodinthelongrun.答案C[推理判斷題。根據最后一段的“buteventuallytheywillreallyneed...inalow－interest－rateworld.”可知，信用卡可以為銀行創造相對高的收益。](2023·長沙高三月考)Everyonewhoknewanythingaboutanimalswarnedmeagainstgettingarabbitinmyearly20s，butIignoredthem，andendedupwiththree.Itturnsoutthatallthepeoplewhoareagainstrabbitshaveapoint：Rabbitsgetsickallthetime,andthereareveryfewvets(獸醫)whospecializeintheircare.Myyearswithrabbitshavebeenfulloffeeding,hurriedtripstothevet，sleeplessnightsandbeggingforadviceontheInternet.Nowthatmyanimalsareoldandweaknow,Icleartheirwasteandcleantheirlegswitharabbit－friendlyshampoo(洗滌劑).Ispendalotoftimeonthefloor,becausealthoughmyrabbitsarehardtosatisfysocially,theyalsohatetobepickedup.Iamoftenaskedthequestion：Whyrabbits?Whynotadog,oracat?Itrytodescribewhatit’sliketobewiththem.IhadneverfeltarealdutytowardsanythinguntilIhadmyrabbits.Myanswersneversatisfyanyone.I’mnotsureaboutthequestion,either—itsooftenimpliesinstrumentalvalue,asifthecorrectreplymightbe“Theymakegoodcompanions”or“They’renicetolookat”.Idon’thavetherightkindofreason.Idon’tbelieveintheusevalueofanylivingthing.Like__humans，animals__just__are—that’s__it.Usuallywedonotlookatotherpeopleandthinkabouthowtomakethemworkforus.Yetsomuchofourwayofseeingtheworldisfoundedontheassumptionthatanimalsaremeanttoserveapurpose.Thisseemswrong.Afteralltheseyearswithmyrabbits,theonlythingIknowisthatthereisnolessontobelearnedorvaluetobeacquired.There’sjustanefforttobemade,andasfarasI’mconcerned,that’swhatlifeis.【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。作者通過養兔子的經歷明白了生活的真諦：生活是需要不斷努力的。9.Whydopeopleopposekeepingrabbits?A.It’sveryboring.B.Itcostsafortune.C.It’sratherdemanding.D.Itmakesthehousemessy.答案C[推理判斷題。根據第一段中的“allthepeoplewhoareagainstrabbitshaveapoint...care”可知，兔子經常生病，專門治療兔子的獸醫很少，再結合第一段最后一句可推知，養兔子要求過于苛刻。]10.Whichwordcanbeusedtodescribetheauthor?A.Considerate. B.Knowledgeable.C.Sociable. D.Energetic.答案A[推理判斷題。根據第二段可知，作者照顧他的兔子時非常細心，考慮很周到。]11.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph4?A.Animalsshouldbetreateddifferently.B.Animalsshouldn’tbejudgedonsomepurpose.C.Thevalueofanimalsshouldn’tbeignored.D.Humansshouldliveinharmonywithanimals.答案B[句意猜測題。根據第三段和第四段內容可知，作者經常會被問到為什么養兔子而不是養狗或貓，他認為這一問題常常暗示工具價值，人們看待世界的方式大多建立在動物起到某一作用這一假設上，作者認為這是不正確的。由此可以推知，畫線句表達的意思是人們不應該基于某種作用來評判動物。]12.Whateffectdoesraisingrabbitshaveontheauthor?A.Hekeepsbeingtruetohimself.B.Hereflectsonhislifemoredeeply.C.Helearnstovalueothers’opinion.D.Herealizesthemeaningoflife.答案D[推理判斷題。根據最后一段可知，養兔子的經歷讓作者意識到努力才是生活的意義。]Ⅱ.語法填空(2023·蘇北四市高三調研)Consistingofabambooframeanda1._____________(delicate)paintedpape