年湖北省七市州高三年級3月聯合統一調研測試英語試卷本試卷共頁。全卷滿分分。考試用時分鐘。祝考試順利注意事項：．答題前，先將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將準考證號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。．選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區域均無效。．非選擇題的作答：用黑色簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對應的答題區域內。寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區域均無效。．考試結束后，請將本試卷和答題卡一并上交。第一部分聽力（共兩節，滿分分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節（共5小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的、、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A．￡19.15．B．￡9.18．C．￡9.15．答案是C．1.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】WhatwillBruceprobablydothisweekend?A.Playfootball.B.Prepareforanexam.C.friends.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Hi,Bruce.Theweekendiscoming.Anyplans?M:Iintendedtoplayfootballwithfriends,butIhaveanEnglishexamnextMondaysoIhavegottoreviewmynotes.第1頁/共27頁2.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】WhatdidNancydolastmonth?A.Sheattendedaceremony.B.Shesentherteacheramail.C.Shewonawritingcompetition.【答案】C【解析】原文】M:Nancy,what’sinthemailbox?W:It’saletterofcongratulationsfrommyteacher.Iwonthefirstprizeinthenationalwritingcompetitionlastmonth.Hepraisesmywritingstyleandalsoinvitesmetoanaward-givingceremony.3.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inthelibrary.B.Inthegym.C.Inthesupermarket.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme.Couldyoupleasetellmethewaytotheschoollibrary?M:Sure.rightwhenyouwalkoutofthisgym,passasupermarketandthelibraryisonyourleft.4.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whichrestaurantwilltheygoto?A.TheChineserestaurant.B.TheFrenchrestaurant.C.TheItalianrestaurant.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:I’mstarving.Whereshouldweeattoday?TheItalianrestaurantnearthepark,theFrenchonenexttotheshoppingmallorthenewChineseonedowntown?M:I’minthemoodforChinese.Thereviewsofthatnewplacesaytheirdumplingsareamazing.W:Great!Let’sgotherethen.5.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whydoesthemanmakethephonecall?A.bookaticket.B.makeanappointment.第2頁/共27頁C.askaboutopeninghours.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Goodmorning,NationalMuseumofChina.M:Hello,couldyoutellmeyouropeninghoursforSundays?W:Sure.areopenfrom9:00inthemorningto4:00intheafternoon.M:Thanks.第二節（共小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的、、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。6.Whataretheymainlytalkingabout?A.PublicB.Onlinesecurity.C.banking.7.Whatistheman’sadviceaboutusingpublicnetworks?A.UseaVPN.B.Setpasswords.C.Saveinformation.【答案】6.B7.A【解析】【原文】W:TherearesomanythreatsontheInternetthesedays.M:Soweshouldprotectourselvesonline.First,alwaysusestrongpasswords.Mixnumbers,letters,andsymbols.W:Gotit.WhataboutpublicIoftenuseitincafes.M:doingsensitivethingslikeonlinebankingonpublicnetworks.Ifyoumust,useaVPN,PrivateNetwork.W:Goodidea.M:Meanwhile,becautiousaboutwhatyoushare.Don’tpostprivatedatalikeyouraddress.8.Whataretheytalkingabout?第3頁/共27頁A.Anewposter.B.Aschoolevent.C.Awildlifeclub.9.Whatdotheythinkofthepictures?A.Pleasing.B.Alarming.C.Comforting.10.Whatwilltheyprobablydo?A.anotice.B.pictures.C.Joinaclub.【答案】8.A9.B10.C【解析】【原文】W:Hi,didyouseethenewposteraboutanimalprotectionontheschoolnoticeboard?M:itisreallyeye-catching.Thepicturesofthoseendangeredanimalsareheartbreaking.W:Exactly!Theonewiththepolarbearonameltingicebergreallystrikesme.Itreallyshowshowhumanactivitiesareaffectingthem.M:Iagree.Didyounoticethecall-to-actionatthebottom?W:meanthepartaboutsigningupfortheanimalprotectionclub?I’mdefinitelyconsideringit.M:Metoo.Maybewecanalsosharetheposteronsocialmediatospreadtheword.W:That’sabrilliantidea.Morepeopleneedtobeawareofthisurgentissue.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Receptionistandguest.B.Guideandvisitor.C.Bossandsecretary.12.Whatisneededforafreebreakfast?A.Stayingforthreenights.B.Usingthefitnesscenter.C.atouristattraction.13.Whatdiscountwillthemangetatthehotelrestaurant?A.10%.B.15%.C.20%.【答案】A12.A13.C【解析】原文】W:Goodafternoon,welcometoourhotel.M:Hi,I’dliketocheckin.Iheardyouhavesomespecialforguests.Couldyoutellmeaboutthem?W:Certainly.Ifyoubookaroomforthreenightsormore,weafreebreakfast.第4頁/共27頁M:ThatsoundsniceAnythingelse?W:haveafreebusservicetoandfromtheairportandmajortouristattractionsinthecity.Thiscansaveyoualotontransportationcosts.M:Great.I’malsointerestedinthehotel’sdiningoptions.Doyouhaveanydiscountsforguests?W:Asahotelguest,you’llreceivea10%discountforonenight,15%fortwonights,20%forthreeormoreatallofourrestaurants,includingtheoneonthetopfloor.M:Oh,that’swonderful.Whataboutotherfacilitieslikethefitnesscenter?W:Thefitnesscenterisfreetoallguests.alsoprovidefreetowelsandwaterbottlesthere.M:Soundsamazing.IthinkI’llhaveaverycomfortablestayhereforthreenights.14.Whatdoesthemanthinkthehardestpartofvolunteerworkis?A.Committinglonghours.B.Handlingdifficultpeople.C.Seekingpropercooperation.15.Whatistheman’sattitudetowardsdifficultpeople?A.Polite.B.Critical.C.16.Whatrewarddoesthemanmention?A.Impactonotherpeople.B.Possibilityofagoodcareer.C.Increaseofsocialexperience.17.Whatisneededforavolunteerjob?A.Specialskills.B.Strongpassion.C.Professionalknowledge.【答案】14.A15.C16.A17.B【解析】【原文】W:Hi,I’mreallyexcitedtostartmyvolunteerwork,butI’malsoabitworried.I’veheardtherearesomechallenges.第5頁/共27頁M:that’strue.Thebiggestchallengeistimecommitment.Sometimeswehavetoworklonghours,anditcanbereallytiring.W:That’sapity.AndI’malsoconcernedaboutdealingwithdifficultpeople.Whatifwemeetsomepeoplewhoarenotcooperative?M:that’sanotherchallenge.Butwehavetobepatientandtrytounderstandtheirneeds.Maybethey’rejusthavingabadday.W:right.Buthowabouttherewards?M:Therearemanyrewards.Oneofthemostrewardingthingsisseeingthepositiveimpactwemakeonpeople’slives.It’sreallysatisfying.W:Thatsoundsgreat.Doyoualsomakealotoffriendsthroughvolunteerwork?M:Absolutely.I’vemetsomeamazingpeoplehere.sharethesamepassionandsupporteachother.Italsohelpsusgainvaluableexperience,whichcanbereallybeneficialtoourfuturecareers.W:Great.DoyouthinkIneedanyspecialskillstovolunteer?M:Notreally.Mostvolunteerjobsjustrequireenthusiasmandthewillingnesstohelp.W:Thanksforyoursharing.18.Whoisthespeakertalkingto?A.Universitystudents.B.Natureclubmembers.C.Internationaltourists.19.WhenwillthebusgettothereservenextSaturday?A.At7:30．B.At8:00．C.At8:15．20.Whyistheeventorganised?A.advertiseaclub.B.introduceanadventure.C.expandbiologicalknowledge.【答案】18.B19.C20.C【解析】【原文】Hi,everyone!Iamthrilledtoannouncethatourschool’snatureclubisorganizingabird-watchingtriptothebeautifulLakesideNatureReserve.ThetripisscheduledfornextSaturday,May18th.willmeetattheschoolmainentranceat7:30inthemorning.Pleasebeontimeasthebuswilldepartpreciselyat8:00a.m.It第6頁/共27頁willtakeaquartertogetthere.Duringthistrip,you’llhavetheuniqueopportunitytoobservevariousbirdspeciesintheirnaturalhabitats.makethemostofit,remembertobringapairofbinoculars,whichwillhelpyouspotthebirdsclearly.comfortablewalkingshoesandsuitableclothingaswe’llbeonfootforasignificantpartoftheday.Thiseventisnotonlyabouthavingfuninnaturebutalsoaneducationalexperiencethatenrichesyourunderstandingoftheecosystemandknowledgeofbiologyinseniorhighschool.Lookforwardtoseeingyoualljoinusforthismemorablebird-watchingadventure.第二部分閱讀（共兩節，滿分分）第一節（共小題；每小題分，滿分分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的、、、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AStretching34milesdownthewestcoastofcentralItaly,theAmalfiCoastisdottedwith500-foot-tall(懸崖)and100beaches,aswellas13adorablemulticolouredseasidetowns.in*aSummerispeakseasonfortheAmalfiCoast,andratesarehighduringthistime.DomesticandinternationaltravelersfloodtotheAmalfiCoastduringJulyandAugust,resultingindelays,packedbeachesandseriouslycrowdedstreets.itinspringandfall,whencrowdsarelargelygoneandtemperaturesarethemostcomfortable.*ThoughthebestwaytogetaroundtheAmalfiCoastisbycar,thecostofrentals,taxisandprivatecarsaddsupfast.TheSitabusservicesthewholeoftheAmalfiCoastandratesaslowas2.20euros.*渡船BoattoursintheAmalfiCoastarealuxuryformostpeople,butifyoutaketheferry,whichisatmost20eurosforaone-wayjourney,youcouldsavealot.*Duetothegeographyofthecoast,beachesarecomposedofpebbles(卵石)insteadofsand.Makesuretobringtheproperfootwear.*Theseasidetownsarebuiltintoandmainstreetsunabletoaccommodatecars.So,thebestwaytogetaroundthemisonfoot.21.ForwhatreasonshouldtouristsavoidvisitingtheAmalficoastinsummer?A.Highrates.B.Hotweather.C.Emptystreets.D.Poorservice.22.WhatmakesAmalfibeachesunique?A.Theirlocation.B.Theirquantity.C.Theirhistory.D.Theircomposition.第7頁/共27頁23.Whatisthebestwaytogetaroundtheseasidetowns?A.Boating.B.Driving.C.D.Cycling.【答案】21.A22.D23.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要講的是關于意大利AmalfiCoast的旅游指南。【21題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章第二段的“SummerispeakseasonfortheAmalfiCoast,andratesarehighduringthistime.(夏季是AmalfiCoast的旺季，在此期間費率很高)”可知，游客應該避免在夏季前往AmalfiCoast，因為夏季是旅游旺季，費用高。故選A。【22題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章倒數第二段“Beachesaredifferenthere.Duetothegeographyofthecoast,beachesarecomposedofpebbles(卵石)insteadofsand.Makesuretobringtheproperfootwear.(這里的海灘不一樣。由于海岸的地理位置，海灘是由鵝卵石而不是沙子組成的。一定要帶合適的鞋子)”可知，Amalfi海灘的不同之處在于它們由鵝卵石而非沙子組成。故選D。【23題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章最后一段“So,thebestwaytogetaroundthemisonfoot.(在這些地方四處走動的最好的方式是步行)”可知，游歷Amalfi的城鎮的最佳方式是步行，故選C。BEmma,ayounglibrarianwithaheartwarmingsmileandasteadycommitmenttoherwork,harbouredadeep-seatedfear:publicspeaking.WhenshewasinvitedtodelivertheopeningspeechattheannualSerenityBookFestival—aneventtoosignificanttodecline—heranxietyrose.Oliver,abrightandconsiderateboywhofrequentedthelibrary,quicklysensedEmma’sdepression.Havingalwaysadmiredherwarmthanddevotion,Oliverapproachedherwithagentlesmile.“Whydon’tweovercomeourfearlikeheroesinthem?”hesuggestedkindly,pointingtothebooksontheshelf.Movedbytheboy’scourage,Emmaagreedsoftly,“Alright,let’sgiveitatry!”eachpractice,Emmagraduallygainedtheconfidencetoboldlyfaceherfear.Asthefestivalapproached,Emmapracticedbeforesmallgroups,thenlargerones,steadilyimproving.Butaweekprior,shereceivedanunexpectedletterfromheroldteacher,Mr.Langston,whoexpressedhisintentiontoattendandeagerlyanticipatedherspeech,addingtoherpressure.Noticingherconcern,Oliverremindedherhowmuchshehadimproved.Theydidafinalpracticeinfrontofthelibrarywhoseencouragementboostedher第8頁/共27頁confidencesignificantly,calminghernervesforthebigday.Thedayofthefestivalarrived.Steppingontothestage,Emmafeltherheartbeatingwildly.Shetookadeepbreathandbegantospeak.Oliver,sittinginthefrontrow,watchedwithpride.Hissmilewidenedasheheardconfidenceinhervoice.Theaudiencelistenedattentively.WhenEmmaconcludedwitharequestforeveryonetolearnfrombooks,therewasamomentofsilence—thenthecrowderuptedintoapplause.ofjoyfilledhereyes,notjustfromrelief,butfromtheoverwhelmingsupportandrecognitionfrombothOliverandtheaudience.Emmatookafinalhowastheapplausedieddownfeelingawarmthinherheart.Sheknewshecouldfacewhatevercamenext.24.WhatwastheproblemwithEmma?A.Ittroubledhertohostanevent.B.Shewasafraidtospeakinpublic.C.Shefounditdifficulttostaycalm.D.Itwashardforhertofundthefestival.25.WhatdoweknowaboutMr.Langston’sletter?A.ItmadeEmmamuchmoreanxious.B.ItencouragedEmmatobeconfident.CIttaughtEmmathetechniquesofspeaking.D.ItinvitedEmmatothecelebrationofthefestival.26.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesEmma?A.Humbleandcapable.B.Carefulandsuccessful.C.Anxiousandambitious.D.Determinedandcommitted.27.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheLibrarian’sSecret:AofHiddenFearsB.Emma’sSpeech:AJourneyfromFeartoApplauseC.Oliver’sAdvice:AStoryofFriendshipandSupportD.TheSerenityBookFestival:ACelebrationofLiterature【答案】24.B25.A26.D27.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了圖書管理員Emma害怕公眾演講，但在男孩Oliver的鼓勵和幫助第9頁/共27頁下，她克服恐懼，在圖書節開幕式演講中獲得了觀眾的掌聲。【24題詳解】細節理解題。根據第一段中“Emma,ayounglibrarianwithaheartwarmingsmileandasteadycommitmenttoherwork,harbouredadeep-seatedfear:publicspeaking.(艾瑪是一位年輕的圖書管理員，她笑容溫暖，工作認真負責，但內心深處卻藏著一種深深的恐懼：公開演講)”可知，Emma的問題是害怕在公眾場合講話。故選B項。【25題詳解】細節理解題。根據第三段中“Butaweekprior,shereceivedanunexpectedletterfromheroldteacher,Mr.Langston,whoexpressedhisintentiontoattendandeagerlyanticipatedherspeech,addingtoherpressure.(但在演講前一周，她收到了老教師蘭斯頓先生的一封意外來信，他表示打算參加并熱切期待她的演講，這增加了她的壓力)”可知，蘭斯頓先生的信讓Emma更加焦慮了。故選A項。【26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段中“Emma,ayounglibrarianwithaheartwarmingsmileandasteadycommitmenttoherwork,harbouredadeep-seatedfear:publicspeaking.(艾瑪是一位年輕的圖書管理員，她笑容溫暖，工作認真負責，但內心深處卻藏著一種深深的恐懼：公開演講)”、第二段中“eachpractice,Emmagraduallygainedtheconfidencetoboldlyfaceherfear.(通過每一次練習，Emma逐漸獲得了勇敢面對恐懼的信心)三段中“Theydidafinalpracticeinfrontofthelibrarywhoseencouragementboostedherconfidencesignificantly,calminghernervesforthebigday.(他們在圖書館工作人員面前進行了最后一次練習，他們的鼓勵大大增強了她的信心，讓她在大日子到來時平靜下來)”和第四段中“Theaudiencelistenedattentively.WhenEmmaconcludedwitharequestforeveryonetolearnfrombooks,therewasamomentofsilence—thenthecrowderuptedintoapplause.(沉默了一會兒，然后人群爆發出掌聲)”可知，Emma克服了對公開演講的恐懼，通過堅持和不斷練習，贏得了觀眾的掌聲，這展現了她為實現目標的堅決(determined)和堅定(committed)。故選D項。【27題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第一段“Emma,ayounglibrarianwithaheartwarmingsmileandasteadycommitmenttoherwork,harbouredadeepseatedfear:publicspeaking.(責，但內心深處卻藏著一種深深的恐懼：公開演講)”可知Emma一開始害怕公眾演講；再根據第四中段中“Thedayofthefestivalarrived.Steppingontothestage,Emmafeltherheartbeatingwildly.Shetookadeepbreathandbegantospeak.Oliver,sittinginthefrontrow,watchedwithpride.Hissmilewidenedasheheardconfidenceinhervoice.Theaudiencelistenedattentively.WhenEmmaconcludedwitharequestforeveryoneto第10頁/共27頁learnfrombooks,therewasamomentofsilence—thenthecrowderuptedintoapplause.(節日當天到了。艾瑪走上舞臺，感到心跳得厲害。她深吸了一口氣，開始說話。奧利弗坐在前排，驕傲地看著他們。當他聽到她的聲音充滿信心時，他的笑容更燦爛了。聽眾聚精會神地聽著。當艾瑪結束時，她要求每個人都從書本中學習，大家沉默了一會兒，然后人群爆發出掌聲)”可知，Emma最終克服恐懼在演講中獲得了掌聲。所以文章主要講述了Emma從害怕公眾演講到獲得掌聲的過程。B選項“Emma’sSpeech:AJourneyfromFeartoApplause(艾瑪的演講：從恐懼到掌聲的旅程)”能概括文章的主要內容，最適合做文章標題。故選B項。COurcultureisaddictedtocollectivegoalsettingandtheideathatformingnewhabitsduringspecifictimesoftheyearwillleadtosuccessfuloutcomes.Butitturnsoutthere’snorealevidencethatitisthecase.Infact,researchsuggeststhatonlytwopeopleintenstickwiththeirNewresolutionslongterm.“IamawareofnoresearchshowingthatstartingfreshinJanuaryorOctoberoranyothermonthmakesyoumorelikelytostickwithanewbehaviour,”saysabehaviouralpsychologistattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Therealityisthat,whenitcomestoestablishingnewhabits,therereallyisanidealtimetodoit—butitmightnotbewhenyouthink.callssuchidealmoments“turningpoints”—suchasanupcominghighschoolreunioncausingyoutowanttoloseafewpounds,orover-drafting(透支)yourbankaccountandrealizingitistimetoimproveyourcareer.Hesayssuchmomentstendtoprovidelastingfeelingsofmotivationbecausetheyarerootedinsomethingmeaningfulandmorein-depththanjustgoingalongwitheveryoneelse.Regardlessofwhatpromotesyourmotivation,saysitiscriticaltotakeactionassoonasyoufeelthedesirebecauseyoumayonlyhaveashortwindowofopportunitytomakedecisionsaboutwhatyouwanttodobeforeyouroldhabitsgetintheway.Forinstance,writeoutadailyschedulethatincludestimeforyournewhabitandpostitwhereyou’llseeiteachmorning.mightalsojoinagymwhileyourmotivationishightolockyourselfintoamonthlypaymentthatwillkeepyoumotivatedtousethemembershipevenafteryourinterestingettinginshapebeginstocool.Anotherstrategyforsuccessfulhabitformationisbreakingdownbiggergoalsintosmaller,morespecificones.Soinsteadofsaying“I’mgoingtolose10poundsamonth”,setagoaltolimityourdailycalorieintakeandgettothegymfor30minutesaday.28.WhatisattitudetowardmakingNewresolutions?A.Doubtful.B.Approving.C.Casual.D.Objective.29.Whichofthefollowingexamplescanbecalleda“turningpoint”?第11頁/共27頁A.Fallingillfromheavywork.B.Fulfillingalong-helddream.C.Exercisingonaregularbasis.D.ReceivingNewwishes.30.Whatplaysaleadingroleinreachingone’sgoalaccordingtoA.Motivation.B.Determination.C.Opportunity.D.Action.31.Whatisthistextmainlyabout?A.Strategiesforsettingacollectivegoal.B.Proceduresforfindingaturningpoint.C.Approachestodevelopinganewhabit.D.MethodsofmakingaNewwish.【答案】28.A29.A30.D31.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了培養新習慣的理想時機及有效方法。【28題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第二段的““IamawareofnoresearchshowingthatstartingfreshinJanuaryorOctoberoranyothermonthmakesyoumorelikelytostickwithanewbehaviour,”saysabehaviouralpsychologistattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.(110)對制定新年計劃持懷疑態度。故選A。【29題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第三段的“callssuchidealmoments“turningpoints”—suchasanupcominghighschoolreunioncausingyoutowanttoloseafewpounds,orover-drafting(透支)yourbankaccountandrealizingitistimetoimproveyourcareer.(伍德稱這些理想時刻為“轉折點”——比如即將到來的高中同學聚會讓你想)生病”這種情況可能會促使人們改變生活方式等，可被稱為“轉折點”。故選A。【30題詳解】Regardlessofwhatpromotesyourmotivation,saysitiscriticaltotakeactionassoonasyoufeelthedesirebecauseyoumayonlyhaveashortwindowofopportunitytomakedecisionsaboutwhatyouwanttodobeforeyouroldhabitsgetintheway.(第12頁/共27頁種欲望，立即采取行動是至關重要的，因為在你的舊習慣阻礙你之前，你可能只有很短的機會來決定你想做什么)”可知，根據的說法，在實現目標的過程中，采取行動起著主導作用。故選D。【31題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結合第一段中“Ourcultureisaddictedtocollectivegoalsettingandtheideathatformingnewhabitsduringspecifictimesoftheyearwillleadtosuccessfuloutcomes.(我們的文化沉迷于設定集體目標，并認為在一年中的特定時期養成新習慣將會帶來成功的結果)”以及最后一段中“Anotherstrategyforsuccessfulhabitformationisbreakingdownbiggergoalsintosmaller,morespecificones.(成功養成習慣的另一個策略是將更大的目標分解成更小、更具體的目標)”可知，本文主要講述了如何成功養成新習慣的方法和策略。故選C。DThere’sasmallfattythymus(胸腺),anorganlocatedinourupperchest,justbehindthebreastbone.Thisorganisoftensaidtobea‘waste’inadulthood.However,areviewstudysuggeststhethymusisnotnearlyasuselessasexpertsoncethought.Inchildhood,thethymusisknowntoplayacriticalroleindevelopingtheimmune(免疫的)system.Whenthethymusisremovedatayoungage,patientsshowlong-termreductionsinTcells,whichareatypeofwhitebloodcellthatfightsagainstgerms(細菌)anddisease.Kidswithoutathymusalsotendtohaveadamagedimmuneresponsetovaccines.Bythetimeapersonhitsadolescence,thethymusshrivelsupandproducesfarfewerTcellsforthebody.Itcanseeminglyberemovedwithoutimmediateharm,andbecauseitsitsinfrontoftheheart,itisoftentakenoutduringheartsurgery.Forsomepatientswiththymuscancerorautoimmunediseases,theyneedsurgerytoremovethethymus.Butthethymusisn’talwaysaproblem.Usingpatientdatafromastatehealthcaresystem,researchersinBostoncomparedtheoutcomesofpatientswhohadundergoneheartsurgery:morethan6,000people(thecontrolgroup)whodidnothavetheirthymusremovedand1,146peoplewhodidhavetheirthymusremoved.Thosewhounderwentathymusremovalwerealmosttwiceaslikelyascontrolstodiewithin5years,evenafteraccountingforsex,ageandrace.Patientswhohadtheirthymusremovedwerealsotwiceaslikelytodevelopcancerwithin5yearsofsurgery.Whytheseassociationsexistisunknown,butresearcherssuspectalackofthymusissomehowmessingwiththehealthyfunctionoftheadultimmunesystem.thesefindingssupportaroleforthethymuscontributingtonewT-cellproductioninadulthoodandtoadulthealth,”theauthorsconclude.Theirresults,theysay,stronglysuggestthatthethymusplaysafunctionallyimportantroleinourcontinuedhealth.第13頁/共27頁32.Whyisthethymusimportantinchildhood?A.Itgeneratesblood.B.ItproducesTcells.C.Itdamagesvaccines.D.Itrepairsimmunefunctions.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shrivelsup”inparagraph3mean?A.Separates.B.Survives.C.D.Disappears.34.What’sthepurposeofparagraph4?A.analysedata.B.reachaconclusion.C.provideevidence.D.illustratethepurpose.35.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Studiesonthethymusstillneedimproving.B.Preservingthethymusbenefitsadulthealth.C.Heartpatientsshouldhavethethymusmaintained.D.Removingthethymusstimulatestheimmunesystem.【答案】32.B33.C34.C35.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了胸腺在童年時對免疫系統發育很重要，青春期會萎縮，研究表明移除胸腺會影響成年健康，說明其在成年健康中也有重要作用。【32題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段中“Whenthethymusisremovedatayoungage,patientsshowlongtermreductionsinTcells,whichareatypeofwhitebloodcellthatfightsagainstgerms(細菌)anddisease.(當胸腺在年輕時被切除時，患者的T細胞會長期減少，T細胞是一種對抗細菌和疾病的白細胞)”可知，胸腺在童年時重要是因為它能產生T細胞。故選B項。【33題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據第三段中“Whenthethymusisremovedatayoungage,patientsshowlongtermreductionsinTcells,whichareatypeofwhitebloodcellthatfightsagainstgerms(細菌)anddisease.(當胸腺在年輕時被切除時，患者的T細胞會長期減少，T細胞是一種對抗細菌和疾病的白細胞)”可知，胸腺有助于T細胞的產生。根據劃線詞所在中“Bythetimeapersonhitsadolescence,thethymusshrivelsupandproducesfarfewerTcellsforthebody.(T細胞也少得多)”中“producesfarfewerTcells”可推知，T細胞的產生少了很多是由于胸腺功能的減弱。故劃線短語shrivelsup的意思是“變弱”，與C項“”同義。故選C項。第14頁/共27頁【34題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第四段“Usingpatientdatafromastatehealthcaresystem,researchersinBostoncomparedtheoutcomesofpatientswhohadundergoneheartsurgery:morethan6,000people(thecontrolgroup)whodidnothavetheirthymusremovedand1,146peoplewhodidhavetheirthymusremoved.Thosewhounderwentathymusremovalwerealmosttwiceaslikelyascontrolstodiewithin5years,evenafteraccountingforsex,ageandrace.Patientswhohadtheirthymusremovedwerealsotwiceaslikelytodevelopcancerwithin5yearsofsurgery.(波士頓的研究人員利用一個州醫療系統的患者數據，比較了接受心臟手術的患者的結果：6000多名(對照組)未切除胸腺的人和名切除了胸腺的人。即使考慮了性別、年齡和種族因素，切除胸腺的人在5年內死亡的可能性幾乎是對照組的兩倍。切除胸腺的患者在手術后5年內患癌癥的可能性也是對照組的兩倍)”可推知，這一段通過對比兩組患者的數據，為“胸腺對成年健康有重要作用”這一觀點提供了證據。故選C項。【35題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段中作者的話“thesefindingssupportaroleforthethymuscontributingtonewTcellproductioninadulthoodandtoadulthealth(這些發現共同表明，胸腺在成年期對新T細胞的產生和成年健康都有作用)”和“Theirresults,theysay,stronglysuggestthatthethymusplaysafunctionallyimportantroleinourcontinuedhealth.(作用)”可知，作者認為胸腺很重要。由此推知，作者可能會同意保留胸腺有益于成年健康這一觀點。故選B項。第二節（共5小題；每小題分，滿分分）Choosingthebestdietforyoucanoftenseemascomplexasrocketscience.Itrequiresamajorcommitmentoftime,willpowerandinsomecases,money.____36____Below,expertswalkyouthroughtheprocessofpickingthedietthatbestmeetsyouruniquegoalsandneeds.Assessingyourindividualgoalsandanyspecifichealthconcernsisanimportantstepofchoosingtherightdietforyourhealthandlifestyle.____37____canreflecthowtheymadeyoufeel,bothphysicallyandmentally.Meanwhile,youshouldalsotakeyourpresenteatinghabitsintoaccount.Whichpositivehabitsdoyoualreadyhaveandwishtocontinue?Startingadietcanbedrivenbyarangeofmotivatingfactors.____38____will,however,probablypictureweightlossasthedrivingone,becauseoftherepeatedmarketingfromtheweight-lossindustry.Newdietfoodsarecontinuallyintroduced,oftenpromisingquickandeasyresults.Butfindingadietthat’srightforyouismorethanweightloss.第15頁/共27頁____39____Theyencouragetheconsumptionofwholeorminimallyprocessedfoods,whichincludeavarietyoffruitsandvegetables,qualityprotein,wholegrainsandhealthyfats.Theyemphasiselimitingaddedsugarsandsalt.Theyallowflexibilitysothatfamiliescaneattogetheroryoucangoouttodinnerwithoutworryingaboutwhattoeat.Changewon’thappenovernight,andyourdietisonlyonecomponentofabalancedandsustainableapproachtolong-termlifestylechanges.____40____Rapidandextremechangesmaybedifficulttosustainandcouldhavenegativeasaresult.A.Howdoesadietwork?B.Butwheredoyoubegin?C.somethingnewcanberealistic.D.Thefirstthingtoconsideristotakealookatyourpastdiets.E.Settingrealisticexpectationsneedstoallowforgradualadaptation.F.Whatgooddietshaveincommonisthattheyareallaboutbalance.G.Theyincludeweightloss,diseasepreventionandsavingmoneyandthelike.【答案】36.B37.D38.G39.F40.E【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了選擇最適合自己的飲食計劃的過程，包括評估個人目標和健康關注點、考慮過去的飲食習慣、理解減肥并非唯一動機、好飲食的共同點在于平衡以及設定現實的期望等。【36題詳解】根據上文“Choosingthebestdietforyoucanoftenseemascomplexasrocketscience.Itrequiresamajorcommitmentoftime,effort,willpowerandinsomecases,money.(為自己選擇最佳的飲食方案常常看似像火箭科學一樣復雜。這需要投入大量的時間、精力、意志力，在某些情況下，還需要花錢。)”可知，Below,expertswalkyouthroughtheprocessofpickingthedietthatbestmeetsyouruniquegoalsandneeds.(你了解選擇最能滿足你獨特目標和需求的飲食方案的過程。)”則指出專家會帶你了解選擇最適合自己獨特B“Butwheredoyoubegin?(但你從哪里開始呢？)”能夠很好地銜接上下文，引出下文關于如何選擇合適飲食的內容。故選B。【37題詳解】根據下文“Youcanreflecthowtheymadeyoufeel,bothphysicallyandmentally.(你可以回想它們讓你在第16頁/共27頁身體和精神上的感受。)”可知，下文指出我們可以回想食物給自己帶來的感受。選項D“Thefirstthingtoconsideristotakealookatyourpastdiets.(首先要考慮的是回顧一下你過去的飲食)”中的“diets”和下文的“they”保持一致；同時內容上符合語境，先回顧過去的飲食，然后再思考感受。故選D。【38題詳解】根據上文“Startingadietcanbedrivenbyarangeofmotivatingfactors.(開始一種飲食可能由一系列激勵因素驅動。)G“Theyincludeweightloss,diseasepreventionandsavingmoneyandthelike.(它們包括減肥、疾病預防和省錢等等。)”中的“they”指的是上文提到的“factors”；而內容上具體說明了這些激勵因素，起到了承上啟下的作用。故選G。【39題詳解】空處為段首句，為本段主要內容。根據下文“Theyencouragetheconsumptionofwholeorminimallyprocessedfoods,whichincludeavariety