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北京市朝陽區高三年級第二學期質量檢測一
英語
2024.4
(考試時間90分鐘滿分100分)
本試卷共10頁。考生務必在答題卡指定區域作答,在試卷上作答無效。
第一部分知識運用(共兩節,30分)
第一節(共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)
閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在
答題卡上將該項涂黑。
Itwashardnottonoticean8-ycar-oldkidstorminginandoutofhisownhouse.4tHcdoesn'thaveafather/'
saidhisneighbor,WilliamDunn."1canprobablydosomethingforhim.”
Thatsomethingwasfishing,a]Dunn'sfatherhadsharedwithhim."Ilbroughtmepeaceandtaught
mehowtobepatient/,hesaid.Hethentookthekidfishingeveryweekend.Graduallyhetookgroupsofkidsoutto
fish.Mostdidn'thavefatherfigures“They'dbeenthroughalot,andtheirliveswere2saidDunn.uBut
whentheywerefishing,allofthatdisappeared.Ontheboat,they'dbelaughingandmakingnewfriends.Theyjust
3.themoment.''
4bythisscene,DunnstartedthenonprofitTakeaKidFishing.Heandthevolunteershaveintroduced
2,500kids—mostwithoutfathers5—tothecalmingpeacefoundonthewaterandtheexcitementof
catchingafish.
Justasimportantasthefishingarethe6Dunnformswiththosekids.Whentheyhavearoughtime,
Dunnwilltalkwiththem,emphasizingself-respectandmental7.Oneofthekids,BellaSmith,saidshe
wouldforgetaboutthepastwhilefishingandconcentrateonsomethingpositive.tkFishingislearning,shesaid."I've
learnedI8abetterlifethanwhatIhad.Whenever1feeldown,Iknowit'stimetogofishing?,
Dunn'sfatherpassedawaythisyear,sofishinghas9newmeaningfbrhim."Ihaveastrongerliking
fbritbecausenowI'mfatherlesstoo.There'snothinglikefeelingthatfirstpullonthelineandseeingakidlightup
withasmile,MsaidDunn.“Ifeel10towitnessthateveryweekend.”
1.
A.caseB.passionC.dutyD.goal
2.
A.difficultB.dramaticC.adventurousD.boring
3
A.rememberedB.regrettedC.recordedD.appreciated
4.
A.EntertainedB.ShockedC.InspiredD.Confused
5.
A.nearbyB.aroundC.aheadD.throughout
6.
A.identitiesB.agreementsC.relationshipsD.opinions
7.
A.toughnessB.dependenceC.sharpnessD.defense
8.
A.requireB.deserveC.leadD.secure
9.
A.leftbehindB.turnedintoC.carriedoutD.takenon
10.
A.curiousB.nervousC.luckyD.hesitant
第二節(共10小題;每小題L5分,共15分)
A
閱讀下面短文,根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫I個恰當的單詞,化給出提示詞的空門
處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。
ZhaoChuangisascienceartistworkinginBeijing.11jobbridgesscienceandartbypaintingand
sculpturingancientextinctspecies.Zhaoreproduceseachelementdescribedinpapersonthehistoryoflifeinan
artisticway,andthe12(blank)inscientificresearcharefilledbyhislogicandimagination.Hispainting
ofaprehistoricflyinganimalbecamethecoverofimportantscientificjournalNaturein2006,ahighlightinhis
career13ascienceartist.
B
閱讀下面短文,根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當的單詞,在給出提示詞的空白
處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。
Harbin,14(know)foritsiceandsnowfestivals,becameverypopularlastwinter.Anincreasing
numberoftouristsrushedtothe“IceCityofChina“toexperiencethebestoficeandsnowculture.Besidesthe
frostydelights,thecitystillhasmuchmore15(offer)allyeararound,includingitstraditionalEuropcan-
stylearchitecture,uniquecuisineandculturalevents.Thecity'sindividualattractionsmake16amust-see
spotnomattertheweather.
C
閱讀下面短文,根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當的單詞,在給出提示詞的空白
處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。
TheTerracottaArmy(兵馬俑)wasfoundin1974nearXi'an.Itisformedofmorethan8,000sculptures,
which17(bury)alongsidetheemperorQinShiHuangmorethan2,200yearsago.Now,researchershave
recreatedtheshoesofonesoldierandanalysisof(hem18(suggest)thatshoeswornbytheterracotta
sculpturesweresurprisinglyflexibleandslipresistant.Iftherecreatedshoes19(true)reflectthereal
ones,theycanhelpbuildabetterpictureof20Qindynastysoldiersworeandhowthismighthaveaided
theminbattles.
第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節,38分)
第一節(共14小題;每小題2分,共28分)
閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將
該項涂黑。
A
You'veracedtothesupermarketonlytorealiseyou'velefttheshoppinglisthome.Youneedtomemorisewhich
groceriestopickupbeforeyoufbrget.Thankfully,there'samemoryaidthat'sperfectfbrthejob:thepeg-word
method.
Whatisthepeg-wordmethod?
Ilemploysasetofpre-determinedwords,regardedaspegwords,fortheto-be-rememberedinformation.Peg
wordsactasastructuretohelpyourememberparticularitems.Essentially,you'rehanginginfbrmaticnyouneedto
recallonthesepegs,whichallowsittoberecalledquicklyandeasily.
Initially,tousethismethod,youwillhavetorememberthepegwordsaswellasthenumbers:
one=buntwo=shoelhree=lreefbur=doorfive=hive
six=slicksseven=heaveneight=galenine=vinelen=hen
Thenextstepistocreateassoc:ationsbetweentheinformationyouneedtorememberandtheitemlinkedwith
thecorrespondingnumber.Ifthefirstitem,forinstance,ismilk,thenyouneedtovisualisethemilkandabun(小圓
面包)together.Themoreunusualyoucanmakeyourimage,themorelikelyyouaretorememberit.Inthiscase,
youcouldimagineabundrinkingaglassofmilk.
Whyisituseful?
Asthecaseshows,itismostusefulwhenitcomestorememberinglistsandyoucanrecallthelisteditemseasily
inorder.Anotherwaytousethismemoryaidistomemoriseimportantnumbers,likephonenumbersordates.For
instance,youneedtorememberthatWilliamShakespearewasbornintheyear1564.First,changethatnumberto
bun-hive-sticks-door.Thenimagineastorytohelpyouremembertheseries:
WilliamShakespeareputabuninabeehivetocoatitinhoney,buthedidn'tlikehowstickyitbecamesohe
threwitatadoor.
Thepeg-wordmelhodhasbeenwildlyrecognizedasahelpfulmemoryaid.Formoreinformation,pleasevisit
/.
21.Howcanweapplythepeg-wordmethodtorecallanitem?
A.Listoutdifferentmeaningsoftheitem.
B.Visualisetheitemandmemorizeitsimage.
C.Choosetheitem'spegwordandrememberit.
D.Createavisuallinkbetweentheitemanditspegword.
22.Whatisthebestwaytorememberthenumber347withthepegwordsinthetable?
A.Ahendrinksfromabottleofwine.
B.Aloadofeggsgrowlikefruitonatree.
C.Atreegrowsthroughthedoortoheaven.
D.Anappleshootsoutofabunandhitsthedoor.
23.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?
A.Tointroduceahelpfulmemorytool.
BToadvertiseabraintrainingprogram.
C.Tohighlight(heimportanceofpegwords.
D.Toanalyzethenecessityoftrainingmemory.
B
Mybirthwasalittlemoredramaticthanthestandardwayababyenterstheworld.Iwasbornmissingmyleft
hand.Indeed,mylimb(手臂)differencecouldhavebeenadisasterifithadn'tbeenfbrwhathappenednext.Anurse
placedmeinmymother'sarmsandinstructed,tkYouwilltakeherhome.Youwillloveherandtreatherasnormal.”
Thatisexactlywhathappened.Iplayedsports,actedintheater,excelledinschoolandhadplaydateswithfriends.
WhileIdidgetsomestaresand"polite“questionsaboutmydisability,IwaskickybecauseIwasn'tmadefunoffor
it.
However,thatfactthatIwasdifferenthitmehardmyfirstdayofhighschool.Iwas13,anagewhenkidsare
alreadyveryself-consciousandtheneedtofitinisintensified.Irememberoneoftheotherkidsontheschoolbus
staredjustalittletoolongatmyleftarm.Ifeltasuddenurgetohidemyhand,soIslippeditintomypocket.Itold
myselfthatI'djusthideitthatoneday,whileIwastryingtomakefriends.Butonedayofhidingturnedintoaweek,
amonth,andyears-25ofthemtobeexact.
WhenIwas38yearsold,tiredofhidingandlonely,Imetsomeonespecialandinvitedhimin.Thecombination
ofmefinallyfeelingreadytounhideandhiswillingnesstogothroughtheunhidingprocesswithmewasexactly
whatIneeded.Forthefirsttimeinmylife,Iallowedsomeonetoreallyholdmylimb,lookatit,touchit,loveit—
loveme.Isawmylimbdifferenceassomethinguniqueaboutme,somethingthatshouldbeshown,nothidden.
Itwasatransformationalexperience,andIlearnedtolovemetoo.ItchangedhowIlivedmyentirelifeand
mademehappier.IalsodiscoveredcindjoinedtheLuckyFinProject,anorganisationdevotedtopeoplewithalltypes
ofdisabilities.
Hidingthings,especiallyfromlovedones,istiringandlonely,anditpreventsusfromgettinghelpandsupport.
It'stimetochangethat.
24.Whatwastheauthor'schildhooclike?
A.Shehadnosocialinteractionswithfriends.
B.Shewasraisedwithcareandtreatednormally.
C.Shefacedsomechallengesinschoolactivities.
D.Shewasupsetabouttheattentiontoherdifference.
25.Whathappenedtotheauthorwhenshewas13yearsold?
A.Shebegantoignoreherdisability.
B.Shesufferedprejudicefromsomekids.
C.Shestartedhidingherselfawayfromfriends.
D.Shebecamesensitiveduetoherself-awareness.
26.Howdidtheauthorchangewhenshestoppedhiding?
A.Shestartedtoopenupandbeherself.
B.Shemetsomeonewhocuredherdisability.
C.Shewasfedupwiththecompanyofothers.
D.Shereducedinvolvementinthedisabilitygroup.
27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?
A.Misfortuneisagoodteacher.
B.Disabilityisnotabarriertosuccess.
C.Self-acceptancecanleadtoself-love.
D.Nothingbeatsthefeelingofbeingloved.
C
Thestreetsandroofsofcitiesallabsorbheat,makingsomeurbanareashotterthanruralones.These“urban
heatislands”canalsodevelopundergroundascityheatspreadsdownward,andsubwaytracksandothersubsurface
infrasiructurc(基礎設施)alsoconstantlyradiatewarmthintothesurroundingearth.
AnewstudyofdowntownChicagoshowsundergroundhotspotsmaythreatentheverysamestructuresthatgive
offtheheatinthefirstplace."Withoutanyonerealizingit,thecityofChicago'sdowntownwasdeforming,''says
studyauthorRottaLoria,anenvironmentalengineer.
Humansaren'ttheonlypotentiallyaffected.uForalotofthingsinthesubsurface,it'skindof'outofsight,out
ofmind',"saysGrantFerguson,ageologist.Buttheundergroundworldisfullofcreatures(hathaveadaptedto
subsurfaceexistencesuchasinsectsandsnails.Asthetemperaturerisesbecauseofclimatechangeandunderground
urbandevelopment,scientistsarekeepingeyesonthepotentialimplicationsforundergroundecosystems.
Butthequestionofhowundergroundhotspotscouldaffectinfrastructurehasgonelargelyunstudied.Because
materialsexpandandcontractwithremperaturechange,Rottasuspectedthatheatcomingfromundergroundcould
becontributingtowearandtearonvariousstructures.Tounderstandhowundergroundtemperaturedifferencehas
affectedtheground'sphysicalproperties,heusedacomputermodeltosimulate(模擬)theundergroundenvironment
from(he1950stonow—and(hento2050.Hefoundthatbythemiddleofthiscentury,someareasmayliftupward
byasmuchas0.50inchorsettlebyasmuchas0.32inch,dependingon(hesoilmakeupoftheareainvolved.Though
thesemaysoundlikesmalldisplacements,Rottasaystheycouldcausecracksinthefoundationsofsemebuildings,
causingbuildingstofall.
KathrinMenberg,ageoscientistinGermany,saysthesedisplacementpredictionsarefarbeyondherguesses
andcouldbelinkedtothesoft,clay-hcavysoils.uClaymaterialisparticularlysensitive/'shesays,“Itwouldbeabig
issueinallcitiesworldwidethatarcbuiltonsuchmaterial.”
Likeclimatechangeabovethesurface,undergroundchangesoccurgradually.4iTheseeffectstookdecadesto
developJFergusonsays,addingthatincreasedundergroundtemperatureswouldlikewisetakealonglimetodissipate
onIheirown."Wecouldbasicallyturneverythingo①andit'sgoingtoremainthere,thetemperaturesignal,fbrquite
awhilc.^^
ButFergusonsaysthiswastedheatenergycouldalsobereused,presentinganopportunitytobothcoolthe
subsurfaceandsaveonenergycosts.Still,thisassumptioncouldfailasabovegroundclimatechangecontinuesto
boostundergroundwamiing.Howeverslowly,thisheatwillgatherbeneathourfeet.'it'slikeclimatechange,“Rotta
Loriasays.uMaybewedon'tseeitalways,butit'shappening.M
28.TheauthorquotesRottaLoriainParagraph2mainlyto.
A.makeapredictionB.highlightafinding
C.drawaconclusionD.raiseanassumption
29.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?
A."Urbanhealislands”extendundergroundtospareecosystems.
B.Surfaceclimatechangecontributestothereuseofundergroundheat.
C.Undergroundtemperaturesmirrortheground'sphysicalcharacteristics.
D.Buildingsmaycollapseasapotentialconsequenceofundergroundheat.
30.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“dissipate“inParagraph6probablymean?
A.Show.B.Stay.C.Develop.D.Disappear.
31.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?
A.Undergroundclimatechangeisasilentdanger.
B.Humansfailtonoticethedramaticclimatechange.
C.Coolingthesubsurfacehelpscontrolurbanheatrises.
D.Researchingundergroundheathelpssaveonenergycosts.
D
Havewereachedthepeakoftheculturewar?Lookingatinysocialmediafeeds,itseemsthatpolarised
thinkingandmisinformationhaveneverbeenmorecommon.HowamIsupposedtofeelwhenusersIonce
admirednowdrawonquestionableevidencetosupport(heirbeliefs?
Perhapsitistimefbrusalltoadoptalittle“existentialhumility”.IcameacrossthisideainapaperbyJeffrey
GreenatVirginiafromCommonWealthUniversityandhiscolleagues.Theybuildonadecadeofresearch
examiningthebenefitsof^intellectualhumility“moregenerally—ourabilitytorecognisetheerrorsinour
judgementandremainawareofthelimitsofourknowledge.
Youcangetaflavourofthisresearchbyratingyouragreementwiththefollowingstatementsrangingfrom1
(notatalllikeme)to5(verylikeme):Iquestionmyownopinionsbecausetheycouldbewrong;Irecognisethe
valueinopinionsthataredifferentfrommyown;inthefaceofconflictingevidence,Iamopentochangingmy
opinions.
Peoplewhoscorehighlyonthisassessmentarelesslikelytoformknee-jerkreactionsonatopic,andtheyfind
iteasiertoconsiderthestrengthsorweaknessesofalogicalargument.Theyarelesslikelytobeinfluencedby
misinformation,sincetheytendtoreadthearticleinfull,investigatethesourcesofanewsstoryandcompareits
reportingtootherstatements,beforecomingtoastrongconclusionaboutitstruth.
Developing''intellectualhumility^^wouldbeanexcellentideainallfields,butcertainsituationsmaymakeit
particularlydifficulttoachieve.Grecnatpointsoutthatsomebeliefsaresocentraltoouridentitythatanychallenge
canactivateanexistentialcrisis,asifourwholeworldviewandmeaninginlifeareunderthreat.Asaresult?we
becomemoreinsistentinouropinionsandseekanywaytoprotect(hem.Thismayreducesomeofourfeelingsof
uncertainty,butitcomesatthecostofmoreanalyticalthinking.
Forthesereasons,Greenatdefines44existentialhumility''asthecapacitytoentertainthethoughtofanother
worldviewwithoutbecomingsodefensiveandclosed-minded.Sohowcouldweachieveit?Thiswillbethe
subjectoffutureresearch,buttheemotionofawe(afeelingofgreatrespectandadmiration)mayofferone
possibility.Onestudyfoundthatwatchingawe-inspiringvideosaboutspaceandtheuniverseledtohumbler
thinking,includingagreatercapacitytoadmitweaknesses.
Perhapswecouldallbenefitfromintenuptingourdespairwithawe-inspiringcontent.Altheveryleast,we
cantrytoquestionourpreconceptionsbeforeofferingourviewsonsocialmediaandbealittlelessreadyto
criticizewhenothersdisagree.
32.Regardingtheculturewaronsocialmedia,theauthoris.
A.embarrassedB.concernedC.panickedD.stressed
33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
A.Existentialhumilityreducesthethreattoidentity.
B.Peoplewithintellectualhumilitylendtojumptoconclusions.
C.Awecouldpromoteexistentialhumilitybyencouragingmodestthinking.
D.Thehigheryouscoreontheassessment,themoreyousticktoyourvalues.
34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.OvercomeanExistentialCrisisB.ShowaLittleHumility
C.ThePathtoScreeningInformationD.TheApproachtoAchievingHumility
第二節(共5小題;每小題2分,共10分)
根據短文內容,從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂
黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
Inmostadults,learningandthinkingbegintodeclineasearlyasage3().Peoplestarttoperformslightlyworse
intestsofcognitiveabilitiessuchastherateatwhichsomeonedoesamentaltask.35
Thesechangesareoftenconsiderednormalaging.Buttheymayinsteadrepresentsomethingmorelikethe
“summerslide”thatsomeschoolchildrenexperienceinacademicprogressduringsummerbreak.Recentresearch
suggeststhatapauseoflearningisindeedaproblemcausingcognitivereduction.36
Inathree-monthintervention,theresearchersprovidedanencouraginglearningenvironmentfor24olderadults.
Theytookatleastthreeclassestolearnthreenewskills.Theyalsodiscussedissuesrelatedtolearningbarriersand
inoiivation.Overthecoursetheseparticipants*cognitivescoresformemoryandflexibilitysignificantlyimproved.
Inafollow-upstudy,theresearchersdiscoveredamazinglythattheyhadimprovedfurther:37Inother
words,givingtheseseniorsamulticcurseroutineseemedtobringuptheirabilitiestolevelssimilartothoseofcollege
students.
Theresearchersarcstillinvestigatingwhycognitivescorescontinuedtoclimbaftertheprogram'send,butone
possibilityisthattheexperienceencouragedtheseolderparticipantstocontinuelearningandpracticingnewskills.
Olderadultsareoftenassumedtobeonadownwardslidewithunrecoverableloss."Useitorloseit/thesaying
goes.38Decline,aswesooftenseeit,maynotbecertain.Thal'swhyweneedtocreateenrichedlearning
environmentsforadultsaftertheirformaleducationandjobtrainingend.
39Educatorsknowhowtoeducatechildrenandadolescents,andwecanadaptthatknowledgeto
developlearningopportunitiesforadults.Societiescouldalsoprovideresourcesandpathstowardlifelonglearning
toensurethateveryonecanbenefitLet'sshifttheconversationaboutadultsfromavoidinglossanddeclineto
learningandgrowing.
A.But(hisdeclinecanbeaddressed.
BTheslidebecomessharperintheirmid-60s.
C.Interruptedlearningmaynotonlyaffectchildren.
D.Thequestionnowishowsocietycanmaximizeadultschancestokeeplearning.
E.Theircognitiveabilitiesafteroneyearwereclosetothoseofadults50yearsyounger.
F.Olderadultresearchtendstoemphasizeskilllearningonlyafterdailyfunctionsstarttodecline.
G.However(heresearchsuggeststheycanincreasebothskillsandcognitiveabilitiesoveralongterm.
第三部分書面表達(共兩節,32分)
第一節(共4小題;第40、41題各2分,第42題3分,第43題5分,共12分)
閱讀下面短文,根據題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題卡指定區域作答。
Gesturesrefertothecommunicationwherevisiblebodilyactionsareusedtocommunicateimportantmessages.
Theyincludemovementofhands,face,orotherpartsof(hebody.Gesturesbenefitourlivesalot.Takelanguage
learning.
Insomelanguages,certainsyllables涪節)withinwordsarepronouncedwithmarkedlymoreweightthan
others,calledlexicalstress.LanguagessuchasEnglishcommonly
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