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Unit1

1.Mostcountriestakeacensuseverytenyearsorsoinordertocountthepeople

andtoknowwheretlicyarcliving.

2.Acountn-withagrowingpopulationisacountr\-thatisbecomingmore

populous.

3.Aperson,sraceispardydeterminedbyskincolorandtypeofhairaswell

asotherphysicalcharacteristics.

4.ThemajorityofrheU.S.populationisofEuropeanorigin..

5.Tliegeographicaldistribution.ofacountry'spopulationgivesinformation

aboutwherethepeoplearcliving.

6.ThetotalpopulationoftheUnitedStatesismadeupofmanydifferentkinds

ofpeople.

7.Inotherwords,thepopulationcomprisespeopleofdifferentracesandages.

8.TheaverageageoftheU.S.population,whichisarelativelylargeone,has

beengettingprogressivelyhigherrecently.

9.Metropolitanareasaremoredenselypopulated:hanruralareas.Thatis,they

havemorepeoplepersquaremile.

10.Theuseofanribioacshasgreatlydecreasedthedeathratethroughoutmuch

oftheworld.

11.Acountrywhosebirthrateishigherthanitsdeathratewithavean

increasingpopulation.

12.Ontheaverage,womenhaveahigherlifeexpectancythanmendo.

Unit2

1.Throughouthistory,peoplehavemoved,orimmigrated,tonewcountriestolive.

2.Naturaldisasterscantakemanyforms:thosethatarccharacterizedbyashortage

ofrainorfoodarecalleddroughts.andfaminesrespectively.

3.Sometimespeopleimmigratetoanewcountrytoescapepoliticalorreligious

persecution.

4.Ratherthanimmigrants,theearlysettlersfromGreatBritainconsidered

themselvescolonists;theyhadlefthometosettlenewlandfbrthemother

country.

5.TheSo-calledGreatImmigration,whichcanbedividedintothreestages,ortime

periods,beganabout1830andlastedtillabout1930.

6.TheIndustrialRevolution,whichbeganintheeighteentlicentury,caused

widespreadunemploymentasmachinesreplacedworkers.

7.ThescarcityoffarmlandinEuropecausedmanypeopletoimmigratetotheUnited

States,wherefarmlandwasmoreabundant.

8.12ndintheUnitedStateswasplentifulandavailablewhenthecountrywas

expandingwestward.Infact,theU.S.governmentofferedfreepublicland

tocitizensin1862.

9.ThefailureoftheIrishpotatocropinthemiddleofthenineteenthcentury

causedwidespreadstarvation.

10.TheGreatDepressionofthe1930sandWorldWar11contributedtothenoticeable

decreaseinimmigrationafter1930.

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11.Tlicfirstlaw山ai

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2.Proofofthisdisiuicgratioiiincludedevidencethatwomenwerenotcomplciely

contentwiththeirdomesticrole.

3.Tothecontrary,theverynatureofthefamilyhaschangeddrasticallyin

thelastfiftyyears.

4.Tobesure,thefamilyisaverysensitivebarometerforwhatishappeningin

thesociety.

5.Dcmographically,thepredominantconfigurationofthefamilywasthetraditional

one.

6.Tliecountr\ridealizedthefamilyintheseyears：thereWasacommitmentto

thefamilyandareverenceforit.

7.Threecharacteristicsstandoutinthisperiod：ccnfbrmitytosocialnorms,

greatermaledominationofthefamily,andclear-cutgenderroles.

8.Thesedecadeswerecharacterizedbyalackofconfcrmin-tosocialnormsand

includedthesexualrevolutionandthewomen'sliberationmovement.

9.Anotherimportantmovementwasthedriveforself-expressionandself

fulfillment.

10.Tlienewconfigurationofdiefamilyhadtoincludefamiliesofcohabiting

couples.withorwithoutchildren.

11.Thenumberofsingle-parenthouseholdstripled,andthenumberofunmarried

couplesquadrupled.

12.Theyseeacontinuingdeclineindivorceratessincethe1980sbutalsoadecline

inbirthratesafteraninitialincreaseinthe1980s.13.Thereisanattemptto

balanceworkwithfamilyobligations,andconcernseemstobeshiftingfrom

individualismtothenewfamilism.14.Placesofworkmayoffermoreflexibleworking

hoursandorkskoJaycare.

15.Foritspart,thegovernmentcouldmandateparentalleaveandfamily

allowances.

Unit5

1.TheU.S.governmentcannotaskforinformationonreligiousaffiliationona

mandatorybasis.

2.Onesurveydonein2002showsthat76percentofthetotalpopulationidentified

themselvesasChristian,with52percentidentifyingthemselvesasProtestantand

24percentasCatholic.

3.ThenumberofAmericansbelongingtochurchesorotherreligious

organizationsissurprisinglyhighcomparedtoothermodernizednations.

4.Thisisnottosuggestthatreligiousvaluesarenotimportantintheseother

nations.

5.FreedomofworshipisguaranteedbytheFirstAmendmenttotheConstitution.

6.TheFirstAmendmentalsoestablishestheseparationofchurchandstate.

7.TheimportanceofreligioninAmericanhistoryshouldnotbeunderestimated.

8.I’dliketotalkabouttheincreasingrolereligionhasplayedinfairlyrecent

history.

9.Religionhadseemedtobeindecline,buttherewasareligiousrevivalinthe

1970sthatsurprisedmanypeople.

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10.TliereligiousrevivalwasauiscrvaLivcinnatureand,atfirst,largelyconfined

toissuesintheprivatesphereoflife.

11.Theseissues,however,wereverycontroversialinnatureandbecamequite

politicizedinashorttime.

2.Perhapsthe“riseofthereligiousrigt''isatemporaryphenomenoninAmerican

life.

13.SomepeoplepredictthatAmericansociet\-willbecomeincreasinglysecularand

lessreligiousinthefuture；otherspredictamoreauthoritarianpolitical

atmospherebasedonconservativereligiousbelief.

Unii7

1.IunderstandwhyaforeignermightreactskepticallytoU.S.culture,especially

ifthepersoncomesfromamoreethnicallyandraciallyhomogeneoussociety.

2.Itseemsnaiveorevenperversetodenytheexistenceofaculturethathas

suchgreatimpactonothercultures,forbetterorworse.3.Ameltingpot,

literallyap