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說理議論專題一閱讀理解第三節(jié)題組訓(xùn)練A(2017·四川宜賓二次診斷)Famouspeoplehavealotofinfluencesonculturaltrends,likeitornot.WhenOprahgoesona21-dayvegandiet,itmakesheadlines.WhenAmalClooneywearsaStellaMcCartneydress,salesgowayup.However,onetrendthatseemsharmless—butisactuallyharmful—isthepressureonstarstohavetheirphotostakenwithrareanimals.Famouspeoplewhoareaskedtohavephotostakenwithwildanimalsforamagazinespreadorwhodosowhileonvacationalwayshavegoodintentionsandevenloveanimals.Thismakesthemeasytargetsfortheoftengreedyamusementparksandfakeanimalcenters.Thesebusinesspeoplelovethethoughtofsharingpicturesofastarhuggingababytigerorawhale.Kindpeoplearenaturallydrawntoplacesthatclaimtoofferrareanimalssafetyandareeagertoseeelephantspaint,tohugbabybearsortoswimwithdolphins.However,beingfrequentlyexposedhasshownthatmanyofthesebusinesspeoplearebreeders(飼養(yǎng)動物者),dealersorexhibitorsthatareusingstars’goodwillfortheirownends.InsomeAsiancountries,elephantsarekeptincamps.Afewcampsareworkingtohelpelephantsintrouble,butthevastmajorityarenot,andtrainingmethodsarebarbaric.AssoonasthecamerasaregoneaftersomeonelikePrinceWilliamtakesaphotowithanelephant,thechainsgobackon.Fanstellthestars:Stayawayfromwildanimalphotos,andtheanimalswillbegrateful.Ofcourse,youdon’thavetobefamoustomakeadifference.Whetherrighthereathomeoratanexoticlocaleabroad,everyoneofusmustfightthedesiretotakeaphotowithanelephantorhugababytiger.語篇解讀語篇解讀本文為議論文。為了表達對動物的熱愛,一些名人常與動物一起拍照。這種現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)成為一種文化潮流,但作者認(rèn)為在大部分情況下,這種方式有百害而無一利。1.WhyareOprahandAmalClooneymentionedinParagraph1?A.Tointroducethetopicofthepassage.B.Topromotetheculturalinfluenceonstars.C.Toremindpeoplehowimportantthetrendis.D.Toshowfamouspeople’spressurefromwildanimals.解析推理判斷題。第一段的最后一句作者點出本文的主題,由此可見作者首先提及Oprah及AmalClooney旨在引出主題,故答案為A項。√答案解析23142.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thebusinesspeopleofferchancestostarstogetclosetoanimals.B.Famousstarsusephotoswithrareanimalstomakeadifference.C.Businessmentakeadvantageofstars’goodwilltoearnmoney.D.Thekindandrichpeopleareeasilyattractedtovisitwildanimals.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句中的“...manyofthesebusinesspeoplearebreeders,dealersorexhibitorsthatareusingstars’goodwillfortheirownends.”可知答案為C項(商人利用明星們的善意來賺錢)。其他三項在文中均未被提及,故全部排除。√答案解析23143.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“barbaric”inParagraph3mean?A.Effective. B.Cruel.C.Scientific. D.Kind.解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞前的“...butthevastmajorityarenot...”和其后一句“AssoonasthecamerasaregoneaftersomeonelikePrinceWilliamtakesaphotowithanelephant,thechainsgobackon.”可推知:訓(xùn)練動物的方法是殘忍的(cruel),故答案為B項。√答案解析23144.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thenumberofelephantsandtigersisincreasing.B.Keepingawayfromanimalpicturescanprotectthem.C.Peoplewillbeencouragedtotakephotoswithanimals.D.Thefamousmayhaveanegativeinfluenceonculturaltrends.解析主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可推知本題答案為D項(名人對文化潮流可能會造成負(fù)面影響)。√答案解析2314B(2017·江西九江十校聯(lián)考)Asgraduationdrawsnear,thosewhohaven’tlandedajobyetmaybedesperatetofindone.Perhapssomeofthejobofferstheyhavereceivedarebelowtheirskillandexperiencelevels.Isitbettertotaketheseoffers,orrejectthemandremainunemployed?Recently,DavidPedulla,aUniversityofTexassociologist,conductedastudyabouthowtakingajobbelowyourskilllevelcouldaffectyourfutureemployment.Inthestudy,Pedulladevelopedresumesforimaginaryjobapplicants.Thejobseekershecreatedhadafewthingsincommon.Theyhadacollegedegree,workednearlytwoyearsattheirfirstjob,andabout4.5yearsattheirsecondjob.Whatdifferedwastheirthirdjobinthemostrecentyear.Theyeitherhadafull-timejobthatmatchedtheirskills,apart-timejobbelowtheirskilllevels,orwereunemployed.ThenPedullasubmitted2,420resumesbasedonhisimaginaryjobseekers,alongwithcoverletters,toonlineadsfor1,210realjobs.Eachapplicanthadarealphonenumberthatemployerscouldcontactiftheywereinterestedintalkingwiththeapplicantfurther.Thecallbackratesvariedwidelybasedonhowtheimaginaryjobseekershadspenttheirlastyear.Theapplicantswhohadfull-timejobsthepreviousyearwerecalledback10.4percentofthetime.Thosewhosemostrecentyearofemploymentwasinajobbelowtheirskilllevelswereonlycalledbackabout5percent.Maleapplicantsunemployedforayearwerecalledback4.2percentofthetime,whilethefigureis7.5percentforunemployedfemales.However,Pedullacautionedthattheexperimentonlymeasuredtheinitialinterestofemployersinhisfictionaljobcandidates,notwhethertheemployerswouldhirethemorwhattheywouldbepaidbasedontheirmostrecentjobexperiences.語篇解讀工作與自身水平相稱有多重要?你對于自己的第一份工作有何打算?倉促上崗使不得,每份工作都會影響你未來發(fā)展的軌跡。語篇解讀5.Thepurposeofthefirstparagraphis
.A.toleadinthetopicB.topresentanargumentC.toshockthereadersD.todescribethepresentsituationinjobseeking解析推理判斷題。通讀全文可知這篇文章主要介紹了美國一位社會學(xué)家做的一份“接受低于自身技能水平的工作,可能會影響未來就業(yè)前途”的調(diào)查。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知其目的主要是引出話題。√答案解析67586.WhichstatementisNOTtrueaboutPedulla’sexperiment?A.Theapplicantshadsomethingsincommonattheirfirsttwojobs.B.Theapplicants’resumesandphonenumbersarecreatedbyPedulla.C.Theapplicants’mostrecentjobexperiencesaffectedthecallbackrates.D.Unemployedfemaleapplicantsgotahighercallbackratethanmales.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Eachapplicanthadarealphonenumberthatemployerscouldcontact...”可知B項不符合原文;根據(jù)第三段的第二、三兩句可排除A;根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的第一句可排除C;根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句可排除D。√答案解析67587.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Theapplicantswithahighcallbackratewouldsurelybehired.B.Theapplicants’mostrecentjobexperienceswoulddecidetheirsalaries.C.Therearesomelimitsaboutwhatlessonscanbetakenfromthestudy.D.Itisbettertotakeajobofferbelowone’sskilllevelthantorejectit.解析
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容,尤其是
“However”“cautioned”“onlymeasured”等詞語可推斷出從這個研究中學(xué)到的東西有局限性。√答案解析67588.Inwhichsectionmaythetextappearinanewspaper?A.Career. B.Science.C.Culture. D.Education.解析文章出處題。文章主要介紹了美國得克薩斯大學(xué)的一位社會學(xué)家做的一份“接受低于自身技能水平的工作,會如何影響未來就業(yè)前途”的調(diào)查。故最有可能在職場版面見到這篇文章。
√答案解析6758C(2017·第二次全國大聯(lián)考)Therearemanyusefulthingswecandoeachdaytofeelbetter.Itmaytakesomeeffortsandtimetomakeahabitofdrinking8glassesofwaterdailyorthinkingmorepositively,butitiswellworthit.Whatthingsdoyoudoeverydaytofeelbetter?Probablythehealthiestthingyoucandotofeelbettereachdayistoexerciseearlyinthemorning.Youdon’thavetorunthewholemorningorspendafewhoursinthegym.Evendoingsomeeasyexerciselikewalking,sit-upsorjumpingtheropewillhelpyoufeelbetterinnotime!Again,duetoourbusyschedules,wedon’tgetenoughsleepeachnight.Ifyouhavetroublefallingasleep,avoidwatchingTVorsurfingtheInternetrightbeforebed.Also,trytomakehealthybedtimesnackchoicesanddon’tdrinkteaorcoffeetoolateintheday.Ifyoudrink3glassesofwater,4glassesofcoffeeorteaandaglassofsodaeachdayandthinkthatyoudrinkenoughwater,thinkagain.Yourbodyneedswater(notcoffeeorsoda!)tofunctionproperly.Aimingtodrink7-8glassesofwatereachdaycanmakeyoufeelbetter.Beingpositiveisthekeytoalongerlife.Positivethoughtscanhelpimproveyouroverallhealth.Lifeisfullofstressfulsituationsandit’shardtostaycheerfulwheneverythinggoeswrong,butyourpositiveattitudecanhelpyousolveanyproblemandfightanystressfasterandeasier.Yourpositiveattitudeisespeciallygoodforyourhearthealth.Smile,staypositiveandlivealongerlife!語篇解讀本文介紹了為獲得身心健康和長壽,人們應(yīng)該做的事情和應(yīng)該有的處世態(tài)度。語篇解讀9.Intheauthor’sopinion,whichcanbenefitusmostinorderthatwefeelbetter?A.Sleepingenough.B.Drinkingenoughwater.C.Thinkingmorepositively.D.Takingmorningexercises.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知。√答案解析101191210.WhichofthefollowingagreeswithwhatissaidinParagraph3?A.Drinkingteaorcoffeemakesussleepless.B.Drinkingteabeforebedmakesithardertofallasleep.C.WatchingTVorsurfingtheInternetleadstolesssleep.D.Ourbusyschedulescausemoredifficultyinfallingasleep.解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句“Ifyouhavetroublefallingasleep,avoidwatchingTVorsurfingtheInternetrightbeforebed.Also,trytomakehealthybedtimesnackchoicesanddon’tdrinkteaorcoffeetoolateintheday.”可知選B。√答案解析101191211.Whyiswaternecessarytoourbody?A.Becauseitcanmakeusfeelbetter.B.Becauseitcanhaveourbodyworksmoothly.C.Becauseitcandomoregoodtoourbodythancoffee.D.Becauseitcanhelpavoidfeelingthirsty.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Yourbodyneedswater(notcoffeeorsoda!)tofunctionproperly.”可知選B。√答案解析101191212.Whatdoweneedmostwheneverythinggoeswrong?A.Thinkingpositively.B.Thinkingoutwiseways.C.Havingarightattitude.D.Stayingcheerful.解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“it’shardtostaycheerfulwheneverythinggoeswrong,butyourpositiveattitudecanhelpyousolveanyproblemandfightanystressfasterandeasier”可知選A。√答案解析1011912D(2017·山東淄博二模)EversinceDonaldTrumpwaselectedthepresidentoftheUS,theentireTrumpfamilyhasbeenputunderamicroscope.InChina,thespotlighthasbeenmainlyfocusedonTrumpandhisdaughterIvanka.SheisdescribedonWeChatasanextremelyinfluentialrolemodelwithstrikingbeauty,asuccessfulcareer,andahappyfamily.Sheleadsadreamlifethatamilliongirlswouldlongfor.Yes,shewasbornwithasilverspooninhermouth.Butshegotwheresheisbyherself.There’salwaysgoingtobearticlesthatsaypeoplebornintowealthyfamiliesarebetter-lookingandhaveabetterfamilybackgroundthanyou,butthesepeopledoworkharderthanyou.Thereisatendencyinthemedianowadaystoencourageelitism(精英主義).Theyaretryingtobrainwashyoungpeopleintothinkingthattheyshouldinvestanenormousamountoftimeandmoneyinbodybuildingandappearanceimprovement,evenplasticsurgery.Theymakeyoubelievethatifyoudoastheysay,youcanimprovethequalityofyourlifeandjointheupperclass.Butwhat’sthedownsideofbeingaverageorcommon?Doyoureallyneedtogotothegymfivedaysaweekunlessyouareagymcrazy?Doyoureallyneedtobreakyourneckandsacrificetoearnyourfirstpotofgoldonlytoworryconstantlyabouthowtofitinhighsocietylater?Don’tlettheideaofelitismgettoyou.Everybodyhasarighttothelifetheywant.Humanbeingsshouldnotbejudgedasasuccessorfailurebasedonwhethertheyareapartoftheupperclassornot.Aslongasyouleadahappyandcomfortablelife,whybothertochaseafterotherpeople’sshadows?Chooseyourownlifepathandgoforit.語篇解讀語篇解讀本文為議論文。本文由美國新當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)特朗普的女兒伊萬卡的“完美人生”引發(fā)人們的思考——人們是否必須成為“精英”并過“精英生活”?13.WhichofthefollowingaboutIvankaisNOTmentionedinthetext?A.Shewasborninawealthyfamily.B.Shemadeitduetoherfather.C.Shehasasuccessfulcareer.D.Sheisprettybeautiful.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“strikingbeauty”“asuccessfulcareer”及“wasbornwithasilverspooninhermouth”可排除A、C、D三項。B項(她是靠她的父親成功的)與第二段最后一句“Butshegotwheresheisbyherself.”不符,故答案為B項。√答案解析14151314.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthetendencyinthemediaaboutelitism?A.Unconcerned. B.Doubtful.C.Negative. D.Approving.解析觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后兩段可推知作者對媒體鼓勵“精英主義”這一趨勢持否定態(tài)度,故答案為C項。√答案解析14151315.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.RunAfterStars’ShadowsB.ElitismandtheUpperClassC.TrumpandHisDaughterIvankaD.FollowYourOwnCourseinLife解析標(biāo)題歸納題。作者在文章最后一句點出了本文的主題(選擇你自己的路并走下去),故答案為D項。√答案解析141513Ⅰ.單詞梳理1.Freezingwinteris
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