題組5

說理議論專題一閱讀理解第三節題組訓練A(2017·四川宜賓二次診斷)Famouspeoplehavealotofinfluencesonculturaltrends，likeitornot.WhenOprahgoesona21-dayvegandiet，itmakesheadlines.WhenAmalClooneywearsaStellaMcCartneydress，salesgowayup.However，onetrendthatseemsharmless—butisactuallyharmful—isthepressureonstarstohavetheirphotostakenwithrareanimals.Famouspeoplewhoareaskedtohavephotostakenwithwildanimalsforamagazinespreadorwhodosowhileonvacationalwayshavegoodintentionsandevenloveanimals.Thismakesthemeasytargetsfortheoftengreedyamusementparksandfakeanimalcenters.Thesebusinesspeoplelovethethoughtofsharingpicturesofastarhuggingababytigerorawhale.Kindpeoplearenaturallydrawntoplacesthatclaimtoofferrareanimalssafetyandareeagertoseeelephantspaint，tohugbabybearsortoswimwithdolphins.However，beingfrequentlyexposedhasshownthatmanyofthesebusinesspeoplearebreeders(飼養動物者)，dealersorexhibitorsthatareusingstars’goodwillfortheirownends.InsomeAsiancountries，elephantsarekeptincamps.Afewcampsareworkingtohelpelephantsintrouble，butthevastmajorityarenot，andtrainingmethodsarebarbaric.AssoonasthecamerasaregoneaftersomeonelikePrinceWilliamtakesaphotowithanelephant，thechainsgobackon.Fanstellthestars：Stayawayfromwildanimalphotos，andtheanimalswillbegrateful.Ofcourse，youdon’thavetobefamoustomakeadifference.Whetherrighthereathomeoratanexoticlocaleabroad，everyoneofusmustfightthedesiretotakeaphotowithanelephantorhugababytiger.語篇解讀語篇解讀本文為議論文。為了表達對動物的熱愛，一些名人常與動物一起拍照。這種現象已經成為一種文化潮流，但作者認為在大部分情況下，這種方式有百害而無一利。1.WhyareOprahandAmalClooneymentionedinParagraph1?A.Tointroducethetopicofthepassage.B.Topromotetheculturalinfluenceonstars.C.Toremindpeoplehowimportantthetrendis.D.Toshowfamouspeople’spressurefromwildanimals.解析推理判斷題。第一段的最后一句作者點出本文的主題，由此可見作者首先提及Oprah及AmalClooney旨在引出主題，故答案為A項?！檀鸢附馕?3142.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thebusinesspeopleofferchancestostarstogetclosetoanimals.B.Famousstarsusephotoswithrareanimalstomakeadifference.C.Businessmentakeadvantageofstars’goodwilltoearnmoney.D.Thekindandrichpeopleareeasilyattractedtovisitwildanimals.解析細節理解題。根據第二段最后一句中的“...manyofthesebusinesspeoplearebreeders，dealersorexhibitorsthatareusingstars’goodwillfortheirownends.”可知答案為C項(商人利用明星們的善意來賺錢)。其他三項在文中均未被提及，故全部排除?！檀鸢附馕?3143.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“barbaric”inParagraph3mean?A.Effective. B.Cruel.C.Scientific. D.Kind.解析詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞前的“...butthevastmajorityarenot...”和其后一句“AssoonasthecamerasaregoneaftersomeonelikePrinceWilliamtakesaphotowithanelephant，thechainsgobackon.”可推知：訓練動物的方法是殘忍的(cruel)，故答案為B項?！檀鸢附馕?3144.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thenumberofelephantsandtigersisincreasing.B.Keepingawayfromanimalpicturescanprotectthem.C.Peoplewillbeencouragedtotakephotoswithanimals.D.Thefamousmayhaveanegativeinfluenceonculturaltrends.解析主旨大意題。根據第一段最后一句可推知本題答案為D項(名人對文化潮流可能會造成負面影響)?！檀鸢附馕?314B(2017·江西九江十校聯考)Asgraduationdrawsnear，thosewhohaven’tlandedajobyetmaybedesperatetofindone.Perhapssomeofthejobofferstheyhavereceivedarebelowtheirskillandexperiencelevels.Isitbettertotaketheseoffers，orrejectthemandremainunemployed?Recently，DavidPedulla，aUniversityofTexassociologist，conductedastudyabouthowtakingajobbelowyourskilllevelcouldaffectyourfutureemployment.Inthestudy，Pedulladevelopedresumesforimaginaryjobapplicants.Thejobseekershecreatedhadafewthingsincommon.Theyhadacollegedegree，workednearlytwoyearsattheirfirstjob，andabout4.5yearsattheirsecondjob.Whatdifferedwastheirthirdjobinthemostrecentyear.Theyeitherhadafull-timejobthatmatchedtheirskills，apart-timejobbelowtheirskilllevels，orwereunemployed.ThenPedullasubmitted2,420resumesbasedonhisimaginaryjobseekers，alongwithcoverletters，toonlineadsfor1,210realjobs.Eachapplicanthadarealphonenumberthatemployerscouldcontactiftheywereinterestedintalkingwiththeapplicantfurther.Thecallbackratesvariedwidelybasedonhowtheimaginaryjobseekershadspenttheirlastyear.Theapplicantswhohadfull-timejobsthepreviousyearwerecalledback10.4percentofthetime.Thosewhosemostrecentyearofemploymentwasinajobbelowtheirskilllevelswereonlycalledbackabout5percent.Maleapplicantsunemployedforayearwerecalledback4.2percentofthetime，whilethefigureis7.5percentforunemployedfemales.However，Pedullacautionedthattheexperimentonlymeasuredtheinitialinterestofemployersinhisfictionaljobcandidates，notwhethertheemployerswouldhirethemorwhattheywouldbepaidbasedontheirmostrecentjobexperiences.語篇解讀工作與自身水平相稱有多重要？你對于自己的第一份工作有何打算？倉促上崗使不得，每份工作都會影響你未來發展的軌跡。語篇解讀5.Thepurposeofthefirstparagraphis

.A.toleadinthetopicB.topresentanargumentC.toshockthereadersD.todescribethepresentsituationinjobseeking解析推理判斷題。通讀全文可知這篇文章主要介紹了美國一位社會學家做的一份“接受低于自身技能水平的工作，可能會影響未來就業前途”的調查。根據第一段的內容可知其目的主要是引出話題?！檀鸢附馕?7586.WhichstatementisNOTtrueaboutPedulla’sexperiment?A.Theapplicantshadsomethingsincommonattheirfirsttwojobs.B.Theapplicants’resumesandphonenumbersarecreatedbyPedulla.C.Theapplicants’mostrecentjobexperiencesaffectedthecallbackrates.D.Unemployedfemaleapplicantsgotahighercallbackratethanmales.解析細節理解題。根據第四段第二句“Eachapplicanthadarealphonenumberthatemployerscouldcontact...”可知B項不符合原文；根據第三段的第二、三兩句可排除A；根據倒數第二段的第一句可排除C；根據倒數第二段的最后一句可排除D。√答案解析67587.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Theapplicantswithahighcallbackratewouldsurelybehired.B.Theapplicants’mostrecentjobexperienceswoulddecidetheirsalaries.C.Therearesomelimitsaboutwhatlessonscanbetakenfromthestudy.D.Itisbettertotakeajobofferbelowone’sskilllevelthantorejectit.解析

推理判斷題。根據最后一段的內容,尤其是

“However”“cautioned”“onlymeasured”等詞語可推斷出從這個研究中學到的東西有局限性?！檀鸢附馕?7588.Inwhichsectionmaythetextappearinanewspaper?A.Career. B.Science.C.Culture. D.Education.解析文章出處題。文章主要介紹了美國得克薩斯大學的一位社會學家做的一份“接受低于自身技能水平的工作，會如何影響未來就業前途”的調查。故最有可能在職場版面見到這篇文章。

√答案解析6758C(2017·第二次全國大聯考)Therearemanyusefulthingswecandoeachdaytofeelbetter.Itmaytakesomeeffortsandtimetomakeahabitofdrinking8glassesofwaterdailyorthinkingmorepositively，butitiswellworthit.Whatthingsdoyoudoeverydaytofeelbetter?Probablythehealthiestthingyoucandotofeelbettereachdayistoexerciseearlyinthemorning.Youdon’thavetorunthewholemorningorspendafewhoursinthegym.Evendoingsomeeasyexerciselikewalking，sit-upsorjumpingtheropewillhelpyoufeelbetterinnotime!Again，duetoourbusyschedules，wedon’tgetenoughsleepeachnight.Ifyouhavetroublefallingasleep，avoidwatchingTVorsurfingtheInternetrightbeforebed.Also，trytomakehealthybedtimesnackchoicesanddon’tdrinkteaorcoffeetoolateintheday.Ifyoudrink3glassesofwater,4glassesofcoffeeorteaandaglassofsodaeachdayandthinkthatyoudrinkenoughwater，thinkagain.Yourbodyneedswater(notcoffeeorsoda！)tofunctionproperly.Aimingtodrink7－8glassesofwatereachdaycanmakeyoufeelbetter.Beingpositiveisthekeytoalongerlife.Positivethoughtscanhelpimproveyouroverallhealth.Lifeisfullofstressfulsituationsandit’shardtostaycheerfulwheneverythinggoeswrong，butyourpositiveattitudecanhelpyousolveanyproblemandfightanystressfasterandeasier.Yourpositiveattitudeisespeciallygoodforyourhearthealth.Smile，staypositiveandlivealongerlife!語篇解讀本文介紹了為獲得身心健康和長壽，人們應該做的事情和應該有的處世態度。語篇解讀9.Intheauthor’sopinion，whichcanbenefitusmostinorderthatwefeelbetter?A.Sleepingenough.B.Drinkingenoughwater.C.Thinkingmorepositively.D.Takingmorningexercises.解析細節理解題。根據第二段第一句可知。√答案解析101191210.WhichofthefollowingagreeswithwhatissaidinParagraph3?A.Drinkingteaorcoffeemakesussleepless.B.Drinkingteabeforebedmakesithardertofallasleep.C.WatchingTVorsurfingtheInternetleadstolesssleep.D.Ourbusyschedulescausemoredifficultyinfallingasleep.解析推理判斷題。根據第三段最后兩句“Ifyouhavetroublefallingasleep，avoidwatchingTVorsurfingtheInternetrightbeforebed.Also，trytomakehealthybedtimesnackchoicesanddon’tdrinkteaorcoffeetoolateintheday.”可知選B。√答案解析101191211.Whyiswaternecessarytoourbody?A.Becauseitcanmakeusfeelbetter.B.Becauseitcanhaveourbodyworksmoothly.C.Becauseitcandomoregoodtoourbodythancoffee.D.Becauseitcanhelpavoidfeelingthirsty.解析細節理解題。根據第四段第二句“Yourbodyneedswater(notcoffeeorsoda！)tofunctionproperly.”可知選B?！檀鸢附馕?01191212.Whatdoweneedmostwheneverythinggoeswrong?A.Thinkingpositively.B.Thinkingoutwiseways.C.Havingarightattitude.D.Stayingcheerful.解析推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“it’shardtostaycheerfulwheneverythinggoeswrong，butyourpositiveattitudecanhelpyousolveanyproblemandfightanystressfasterandeasier”可知選A?！檀鸢附馕?011912D(2017·山東淄博二模)EversinceDonaldTrumpwaselectedthepresidentoftheUS，theentireTrumpfamilyhasbeenputunderamicroscope.InChina，thespotlighthasbeenmainlyfocusedonTrumpandhisdaughterIvanka.SheisdescribedonWeChatasanextremelyinfluentialrolemodelwithstrikingbeauty，asuccessfulcareer，andahappyfamily.Sheleadsadreamlifethatamilliongirlswouldlongfor.Yes，shewasbornwithasilverspooninhermouth.Butshegotwheresheisbyherself.There’salwaysgoingtobearticlesthatsaypeoplebornintowealthyfamiliesarebetter-lookingandhaveabetterfamilybackgroundthanyou，butthesepeopledoworkharderthanyou.Thereisatendencyinthemedianowadaystoencourageelitism(精英主義).Theyaretryingtobrainwashyoungpeopleintothinkingthattheyshouldinvestanenormousamountoftimeandmoneyinbodybuildingandappearanceimprovement，evenplasticsurgery.Theymakeyoubelievethatifyoudoastheysay，youcanimprovethequalityofyourlifeandjointheupperclass.Butwhat’sthedownsideofbeingaverageorcommon？Doyoureallyneedtogotothegymfivedaysaweekunlessyouareagymcrazy？Doyoureallyneedtobreakyourneckandsacrificetoearnyourfirstpotofgoldonlytoworryconstantlyabouthowtofitinhighsocietylater?Don’tlettheideaofelitismgettoyou.Everybodyhasarighttothelifetheywant.Humanbeingsshouldnotbejudgedasasuccessorfailurebasedonwhethertheyareapartoftheupperclassornot.Aslongasyouleadahappyandcomfortablelife，whybothertochaseafterotherpeople’sshadows？Chooseyourownlifepathandgoforit.語篇解讀語篇解讀本文為議論文。本文由美國新當選總統特朗普的女兒伊萬卡的“完美人生”引發人們的思考——人們是否必須成為“精英”并過“精英生活”？13.WhichofthefollowingaboutIvankaisNOTmentionedinthetext?A.Shewasborninawealthyfamily.B.Shemadeitduetoherfather.C.Shehasasuccessfulcareer.D.Sheisprettybeautiful.解析細節理解題。根據第二段中的“strikingbeauty”“asuccessfulcareer”及“wasbornwithasilverspooninhermouth”可排除A、C、D三項。B項(她是靠她的父親成功的)與第二段最后一句“Butshegotwheresheisbyherself.”不符，故答案為B項。√答案解析14151314.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthetendencyinthemediaaboutelitism?A.Unconcerned. B.Doubtful.C.Negative. D.Approving.解析觀點態度題。根據文章最后兩段可推知作者對媒體鼓勵“精英主義”這一趨勢持否定態度，故答案為C項。√答案解析14151315.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.RunAfterStars’ShadowsB.ElitismandtheUpperClassC.TrumpandHisDaughterIvankaD.FollowYourOwnCourseinLife解析標題歸納題。作者在文章最后一句點出了本文的主題(選擇你自己的路并走下去)，故答案為D項?！檀鸢附馕?41513Ⅰ.單詞梳理1.Freezingwinteris

(harm)toorangetrees.2.Theireffortstoimprovetheproductionhavebeenvery

(effect).3.Hehadjustattendedhisdaughter’s

(graduate).4.He

(desperate)sawherdisappearintothecrowd.5.

(recent)theyhavediscoveredacomet(彗星).6.Hestated

(positive)thathehadneverseentheman.以上語篇訓練之素材提煉再拓展harmfuleffectivegraduationdesperatelyRecentlypositively7.Althoughmyuncleisold，helooksverystrongand

(health).8.Hehadno

(choose)buttoacceptit.9.Theoldmanwaslostin

(think)anddidnothearuscomein.10.Helives

(main)onhismonthlyincome.healthychoicethoughtmainly_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________對……有影響/起作用在度假中有共同之處，有相似之處渴望得到……beinterestedintalkwithinnotimeaglassofⅡ.短語提煉A.英漢互譯1.haveaninfluenceon/upon