初中定語從句講解

2016-09-25

一、定義：在復合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導定語從句的引導詞分為：關系代詞who,whom,whose,which,that等，和關系副詞where,when,why等，關系代詞和關系副詞在定語從句中擔任句子成份，不可省略。

1.由who引導的定語從句中，who用作主語，如：Thisistheboywhooftenhelpsme.

2.由whom引導的定語從句中，whom用作賓語，如：Themanwhomyouarewaitingforhasgonehome.

3.由whose引導的定語從句中，whose用作定語，如：Doyouknowthegirlwhoseskirtiswhite?

4.由which引導的定語從句中，which用作主語或謂語動詞的賓語或介詞的賓語。

如：Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop（車間）.

Theriverwhichisinfrontofmyhouseisveryclean.

Thisisthepenwhichyouwant.

注意 ：

whom,which用作介詞賓語時，介詞可放在whom、which之前，也可放在從句原來的位置上；但在含有介詞的動詞固定詞組中，介詞只能放在原來的位置上。

如：Heistheverypersonwhomwemusttakegoodcareof.

引導非限制性定語從句時，必須用關系代詞which，不用that。

如：Ihavelostmybag,whichIlikeverymuch.

(3)關系代詞在句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數必須和先行詞保持一致。

5.由that引導的定語從句中，that可以指人或物，在從句中作主語或謂語動詞的賓語，但不能放在介詞后面作介詞賓語，即介詞后只能用which,不能用that.

如：ThebookthatIboughtyesterdaywaswrittenbyLuXun.

注意：在下面幾種情況下必須用that引導定語從句。

先行詞是不定代詞something,nothing,anything，everything等,

如：AllthatwehavetodoistopractiseEnglish.

先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，

如：ThefirstletterthatIgotfromhimwillbekeptinmycase.

先行詞被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修飾，

如：Ihaveeatenupallthefoodthatyougaveme.

先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾時,

如:HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkwith.

先行詞既有人又有物時，

如:Theytalkaboutpersonsandthingsthattheymet.

當句中已有who時,為避免重復，

如：Whoisthemanthatisgivingustheclass?

由when,where,why引導的定語從句，

如:Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhewaslate.

Thisistheplacewherewehavelivedfor5years.

I'llneverforgetthedaywhenImetMrLiforthefirsttime.

注意：先行詞是表示地點時，如果從句的謂語動詞是及物的，就用that(which)，如果從句的謂語動詞是不及物的，就用where引導。Thisisthehousewhich/thathehaslivedinfor15years.(wherehehaslivedfor15year.)

限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句：

（1）限制性定語從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分，主句和從句之間不用逗號隔開，引導限制性定語從句的關系代詞有：who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich等，這些關系代詞都不可省。

非限制性定語從句是對主句先行詞的補充說明，沒有這種從句，不影響主句意思的完整性，一般用逗號將其與主句隔開，關系代詞用which,不用that;指人時可用who.

Eg:Ihavetwobrothers,whobotharebothstudents.

如何簡化定于從句

定語從句簡化為形容詞或形容詞短語作后置定語。

Eg:Mygrandfatherlivesinavillagewhichisfarawayfromhere.

→Mygrandfatherlivesinavillagefarawayfromhere.

定語從句簡化為現在分詞或現在分詞短語作前置或后置定語。

Eg:ThemanwhoisstandingunderthetreeisourEnglishteacher.

→ThemanstandingunderthetreeisourEnglishteacher.

Isawthehousethatwasburning（燃燒）atthattime.

→Isawthehouseburningatthattime.

定語從句簡化為過去分詞短語作后置定語。

Eg:Iliketoeatthecakeswhicharemadebymymother.

→Iliketoeatthecakesmadebymymother.

定語從句簡化為不定式作后置定語。

Eg:Sheisalwaysthefirstpersonthatcomestoschool.主動

→Sheisalwaysthefirstpersontocometoschool.

Thereportwhichwillbegiventomorrowisveryimportanceforus.被動

→Thereporttobegiventomorrowisveryimportanceforus.

定語從句簡化為what從句。

Eg:Icouldn’trememberthewordsthathesaid.

Icouldn’trememberwhathesaid.

練習、I單選題

1.Thesilk_______ismadeinHangzhousellswell.

A.thatB.whoC.whatD./

2.Theman_______todayleftthismessageforyou.

A.calledB.hascalledC.whomcalledD.whocalled

3.Doyoulivenearthebuilding______colorisyellow?

A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.its

4.Hehelpedhisfatheronthefarm______theylived.

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where

5.I’moneoftheboys_____neverlateforschool.

A.thatisB.whoisC.whoareD.whoam

6.All_____shouldbedonehasbeendone.

A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whatever

7.Jacktoldmeeverything_______heknewaboutit.

A.whatB.thatC.whichD.who

8.Myfatherworksinthefactory______thistypeoftruckismade.

A.inwhereB.inwhichC.fromwhichD.ofwhich

9.Theschool_______wevisitedlastweekwasbuiltin1956.

A./B.whereC.thatD.bothAandC

10.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______Ihaveeverseen.

A.whichB.thatC.ofwhichD.ofthat

11.InfacttheSwede(瑞典人）didnotunderstandthethreequestions_______wereaskedinFrench.

A.whereB.whoC.inwhichD.which

12.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof______hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.

A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which

13.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimplaywithanyone________familywaspoor.

A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose

14.All_______isneededisawonderfulmeal.

A.thethingB.thatC.whatD.which

15.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.

A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom

16.Sheheardaterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth.

A.itB.whichC.thisD.that

II用適當的關系詞填空：

1)I’llneverforgetthedayon________theymetfortheveryfirsttimelastsummer.

2)Thisistheplace_________hesooftenmentioned(提及、談論）tome.

3)Theonlything________interestedhimwasthathecoulddoanything_________hewantedto.

4)“Whatascientist!Whatawonderfulinvention!”hetalkedexcitedlyaboutBillGatesandhisMicrosoftCompany_________isnowafocus(焦點)ofnewspapersandtelevision.

5)Heisold,________factisimportantinthiscase.

6)Finally,thethiefhandedeverything__________hehadstolen.

7)Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersons_________wesawthen.

8)With_________wereyoutalking?

9)Thisistheverypresent__________mymothergaveme.10)Theyaretalkingaboutthepeopleandthings________theyareontheirwayhome.

11)Whichisthebike__________ismadeinShanghai?

12)Ithinkthisisthemostbeautifuldress______Iown.

13)Those_______wanttobuythehousemaysigntheirnames(簽名）first.

14)Mysis