PAGE11-Unit5NelsonMandel--amodernheroSectionⅡLearningaboutLanguageⅠ.基礎(chǔ)詞匯1．qualityn.質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)；性質(zhì)2．meanadj.吝嗇的；自私的；卑鄙的3．foundvt.建立；建設(shè)4．stagen.舞臺(tái)；階段；時(shí)期5．votevt.&vi.投票；選舉n.投票；選票；表決6．a(chǎn)ttackvt.進(jìn)攻；攻擊；抨擊Ⅱ.拓展詞匯1．a(chǎn)ctiveadj.主動(dòng)的；活躍的→activelyadv.主動(dòng)地→activityn．活動(dòng)2．devotevt.獻(xiàn)身；用心于→devotedadj.忠實(shí)的；深?lèi)?ài)的→devotionn．酷愛(ài)；獻(xiàn)身；奉獻(xiàn)3．peacefuladj.和平的；安靜的；安靜的→peacefullyadv.和平地→peacen．和平；安靜；和諧4．guidancen．指導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)→guidev．指導(dǎo)；帶領(lǐng)5．hopefuladj.懷有希望的；有希望的→hopen．希望；愿望6．violencen．暴力；暴行→violentadj.暴力的；猛烈的→violentlyadv.猛烈地7．equaladj.相等的；同等的→equalityn．同等；相等→equallyadv.同樣地；相等地；公允地eq\a\vs4\al([尋規(guī)律、巧記憶](méi))n.＋-ful→adj.v.＋-(e)d→adj.successful勝利的faithful忠實(shí)的joyful興奮的interested感到好玩的developed發(fā)達(dá)的amazed感到驚異的Ⅲ.補(bǔ)全短語(yǔ)依據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全下列短語(yǔ)1．beactivein 在……主動(dòng)；活躍2．begenerouswith 對(duì)……慷慨3．outofwork 失業(yè)4．underattack 遭遇進(jìn)攻5．a(chǎn)samatteroffact 事實(shí)上6．blowup 使充氣；爆炸7．beequalto 與……相等；勝任……8.introuble 在危急、受罰、苦痛、憂慮等的境況中9．turnto 求助于；致力于10．bewillingto 樂(lè)意……eq\a\vs4\al([尋規(guī)律、巧記憶](méi))in＋n.→介詞短語(yǔ)to作介詞的短語(yǔ)indanger處于危急中indebt負(fù)債inpower當(dāng)權(quán)l(xiāng)ookforwardto期盼payattentionto留意leadto導(dǎo)致Ⅳ.經(jīng)典句式必背1．However，thiswasatimewhenonehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.然而在那個(gè)時(shí)候，一個(gè)人要想住在約翰內(nèi)斯堡就非得要有身份證不行。[記句式結(jié)構(gòu)]Thisis/wasatimewhen...這是一個(gè)……時(shí)期。[仿寫(xiě)促落實(shí)]Thiswasatimewhenalmosteveryonewantstobefamous.這是一個(gè)幾乎人人都想出名的時(shí)代。2．Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress，untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.過(guò)去30年來(lái)所出現(xiàn)的大量法律剝奪我們的權(quán)利，阻擋我們的進(jìn)步，始終到今日，我們還處在幾乎什么權(quán)利都沒(méi)有的階段。[記句式結(jié)構(gòu)]無(wú)生命事物作see，find，witness的主語(yǔ)往往意為“經(jīng)驗(yàn)，見(jiàn)證了……”[仿寫(xiě)促落實(shí)]Dusksawthelittleboywanderinginthestreet.黃昏時(shí)，這個(gè)小男孩在街上閑逛。3wewereputintoapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant，orfightthegovernment.……我們被置于這樣一個(gè)境地：要么被迫接受低人一等的現(xiàn)實(shí)，要么跟政府作斗爭(zhēng)。[記句式結(jié)構(gòu)]“either...or...”意為“要么……要么……；不是……就是……”[仿寫(xiě)促落實(shí)]Putthisdictionaryeitheronthebookshelforonthedesk.把這本詞典放在書(shū)架上或桌子上。4onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.……只有到這個(gè)時(shí)候，我們才確定用暴力抗拒暴力。[記句式結(jié)構(gòu)]“Only＋狀語(yǔ)”位于句首用倒裝[仿寫(xiě)促落實(shí)]OnlythendidIrealizethemistakesIhadmade.只有到那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到我所犯的錯(cuò)誤。qualityn．質(zhì)量；性質(zhì)；品質(zhì)(教材P33)Andwhatqualitiesdoesagreatpersonhave？并且一個(gè)偉人有什么樣的品質(zhì)呢？eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(ofhigh/goodquality優(yōu)質(zhì)的,oflow/poorquality劣質(zhì)的))可作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)inquality 在質(zhì)量上①Onequalityofwoodisthatitcanburn.木材的一項(xiàng)特質(zhì)就是能燃燒。②Wineofhighqualitycostsmorethanthatofpoorquality.優(yōu)質(zhì)酒比劣質(zhì)酒花費(fèi)多。③Thereisnodifferenceinqualitybetweenthesegoods.在質(zhì)量方面，這些貨物不會(huì)有區(qū)分。[名師點(diǎn)津]quality作“質(zhì)量”講時(shí)通常用作不行數(shù)名詞；而作“品質(zhì)”講時(shí)多用作可數(shù)名詞。meanadj.吝嗇的；自私的；卑鄙的；苛刻的v．意思是；意欲；準(zhǔn)備；意味著(1)bemeantosb. 對(duì)某人苛刻bemeanwithsth. 對(duì)某物吝嗇(2)meantodosth. 準(zhǔn)備做某事meandoing 意味著……bemeantfor 本應(yīng)為；注定要成為(3)meansn. 方式；途徑①Shewasnevermeantforanurse.她根本就不是當(dāng)護(hù)士的料。②Therichbosswhoisusuallymeantohisworkersisverymeanwithmoney.那位富有的老板通常對(duì)他的工人很苛刻，他對(duì)錢(qián)特別吝嗇。③Success，then，meansneverfeeling(feel)tired.勝利意味著永不疲乏。devotevt.(與to連用)獻(xiàn)身；用心于(經(jīng)典例句)Agreatpersonissomeonewhodevoteshis/herlifetohelpingothers.偉人是把自己的一生致力于幫助別人的人。(1)devote...to(doing)sth. 把……獻(xiàn)給(做)某事devoteoneselfto＝bedevotedto 獻(xiàn)身于；用心致力于(2)devotedadj. 忠實(shí)的；深?lèi)?ài)的(3)devotionn. 奉獻(xiàn)；關(guān)愛(ài)①Hedevotedhimselfentirelytoeducation.他將一生奉獻(xiàn)給了教化事業(yè)。②QianXuesenhasbeendevotedtoChina'saerospaceallhislife.錢(qián)學(xué)森將其一生奉獻(xiàn)給了中國(guó)的航空航天事業(yè)。③Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelping(help)othersrebuild.鄰居們利用他們的業(yè)余時(shí)間幫助他人重建。[語(yǔ)境助記](méi)HeissodevotedtohisEnglishteachingthatIadmirehimforhisdevotion.他是如此致力于他的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)，以至于我對(duì)他的奉獻(xiàn)感到欽佩。outofwork失業(yè)(教材P34)SadlyIdidnothaveonebecauseIwasnotbornthere，andIworriedaboutwhetherIwouldbecomeoutofwork.可悲的是，我沒(méi)有身份證，因?yàn)槲也皇窃谀抢镎Q生的，因而我擔(dān)憂我會(huì)失業(yè)。outofajob 失業(yè)outofbreath 上氣不接下氣outoforder 出故障outofcontrol 失控outofdanger 脫離危急①Workhard，oryouwillbeoutofwork.好好干，不然你會(huì)失業(yè)的。②Whenwereachedthetopofthemountain，wewerealloutofbreath．我們到達(dá)山頂時(shí)，都上氣不接下氣。③Themachineisoutoforderanditdoesn'tworkasusualtoproducethingsofhighquality.這臺(tái)機(jī)器出故障了，不能像平常那樣正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)生產(chǎn)出高質(zhì)量的東西了。④Thecarwentoutofcontrolandknockedintoatree.那輛車(chē)失控了，撞到了一棵樹(shù)上。votevt.&vi.投票；選舉n.投票；選票；表決(教材P34)Blackpeoplecouldnotvoteorchoosetheirleaders.黑人沒(méi)有選舉權(quán)，他們無(wú)權(quán)選擇他們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。voteon 就……投票votefor/against 投票贊成/反對(duì)votetodosth. 投票去做某事①WevotedtodecidewhetherthemeetingwastobeheldonSunday.我們投票確定周日是否開(kāi)會(huì)。②Whetheryouvotefororagainsttheplandoesn'tseemtomatterverymuch.你贊成還是反對(duì)這項(xiàng)安排好像并不重要。③Thechairmanaskedustovoteontheplan.主席讓我們就這項(xiàng)安排投票表決。attackvt.進(jìn)攻；攻擊；抨擊；(疾病等的)侵害(教材P34)Wechosetoattackthelaws.我們選擇向法律進(jìn)攻。(1)attacksb.for(doing)sth. 因(做)某事而責(zé)難某人beattackedwith 患/得(病)(2)makeanattackon/against 攻擊；攻擊；抨擊underattack 遭到攻擊；遭到抨擊aheartattack 一次心臟病發(fā)作①Thenewspapersmadeanattackon/uponthePrimeMinisterbecauseofthenewlaw.由于這項(xiàng)新法令的頒布，各報(bào)紙紛紛對(duì)首相進(jìn)行抨擊。②Thecitycameunderattackduringthenight.城市在夜間遭到攻擊。③Hewasattacked(attack)withdisease；thiswaswhyhewasabsent.他患病了，這就是他沒(méi)來(lái)的緣由。equaladj.相等的；同等的n.相等的人；同等物vt.比得上；賽過(guò)；等于；和……相等(教材P34)ButIwashappytohelpbecauseIknewitwouldhelpusachieveourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal.但是，我樂(lè)意幫忙，因?yàn)槲抑溃@有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)我們黑人和白人同等的幻想。(1)beequalto 與……相等；能勝任(2)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(bewithoutequal,havenoequal)) 無(wú)敵；沒(méi)有能比得上的(3)equalsb.in... 在……方面比得上某人(4)equallyadv. 相同地；相等地(5)equalityn. 同等①Learningtodealwiththesocialworldisequallyimportant.學(xué)會(huì)應(yīng)對(duì)社交世界是同等重要的。②Nobodycanequalhiminintelligence.沒(méi)有人在智力方面能比得上他。③Inspelling，shehadnoequal(equal)．在拼法方面沒(méi)有人能比得上她。④Theyareofequalheight，butIthinkRobertisequaltothejob.雖然他們水平一般高，但我認(rèn)為羅伯特能勝任這項(xiàng)工作。[語(yǔ)境助記](méi)Boysandgirlsmustbetreatedequallyineducation.Theyshouldhaveequalrighttostudy.在教化方面，男孩和女孩必需被同等對(duì)待，他們應(yīng)有同等的學(xué)習(xí)權(quán)利。introuble在危急、受罰、苦痛、憂慮等的境況中(教材P35)EliaswenttoseeNelsonMandelawhenhewasintrouble.當(dāng)身處逆境時(shí)伊萊亞斯去見(jiàn)了納爾遜·曼德拉。get(...)intotrouble (使……)陷入逆境havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth./withsth. 做某事有困難takethetroubletodosth. 不辭勞苦做某事maketrouble 制造麻煩①Don'tmaketroublewithme!別跟我搗亂！②Youcouldasktheteacherforhelpwhenyouhavetrouble/difficulty(in)learning(learn)English.當(dāng)你學(xué)英語(yǔ)有困難時(shí)，你可以向老師尋求幫助。③Hetookthetroubletogatherthematerialsforme.他不辭辛苦地為我收集資料。turnto求助于；致力于；翻到(書(shū)的某頁(yè))；查閱；轉(zhuǎn)向；從事于(教材P35)WhydidNelsonMandelaturntoviolencetomakeblackandwhitepeopleequal?納爾遜·曼德拉為什么求助于暴力，以達(dá)到黑人和白人的同等？寫(xiě)出下列句中turnto的含義①HewastheoneIalwaysturnedtoforstrength. 求助于②IfyouturntoPage40，youwillfindit. 翻到③Moreandmorepeopleturntocomputerscience. 從事于④Theirtalkturnedtothechangethathadhappened. 轉(zhuǎn)向⑤Sheoftenturnstothebookforguidance. 查閱turnaround/round 轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)去；轉(zhuǎn)身turnup 調(diào)高；出現(xiàn)turndown 調(diào)低；拒絕turnon/off 打開(kāi)/關(guān)閉turnin 上交turnout 生產(chǎn)；制造；結(jié)果是……turnover 翻過(guò)來(lái)；移交⑥Turnaroundandletmelookatyourback.轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身去，讓我看看你的后背。⑦Hetriedtojointhearmybutwasturneddownbecauseofpoorhealth.他想?yún)④姡蛏眢w不好被拒絕了。⑧Thenewsturnedouttobetrue.那消息被證明是真的。[語(yǔ)境助記](méi)Thismorning，mygrandmotherturnedontheradiotolistentothenewsasusual.Shefeltshecouldnothearclearly，sosheturneditup.Butitwasofnouse.Shehadtoturntomyfatherforhelp.Isawmyfatherturnofftheradioandturnitovertoseewhatwaswrong.Itturnedoutthatthebuttondidn'tworkanymore.Myfatherrepaireditandtoldmygrandmothertoturndowntheradio，fortheneighbor'slittlebabywassleeping.今日早上，祖母像平常一樣打開(kāi)收音機(jī)聽(tīng)新聞。她感覺(jué)聽(tīng)不清晰，便把聲音調(diào)大。但是這不起作用，她只得求助于我父親。我看到父親關(guān)掉了收音機(jī)并翻過(guò)來(lái)看哪里出了問(wèn)題，原來(lái)是按鈕壞了。我父親修好按鈕后告知祖母把聲音調(diào)小，因?yàn)猷従蛹业男『赫谒X(jué)。(教材P34)However，thiswasatimewhenonehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.然而在那個(gè)時(shí)候，一個(gè)人要想住在約翰內(nèi)斯堡就非得要有身份證不行。【要點(diǎn)提煉】Thisis/wasatimewhen...“這是一個(gè)……的時(shí)期”。Therewasatimewhen... 曾有一段時(shí)間……ata/thetimewhen... 在……的時(shí)候①AtthetimewhenIsawhim，hewasveryyoung.當(dāng)時(shí)我見(jiàn)到他的時(shí)候，他還很年輕。②Therewasatimewhenwomenwerenotallowedtogotoschool.曾經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間，婦女不被允許去上學(xué)。(教材P34)Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress，untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.過(guò)去30年來(lái)所出現(xiàn)的大量法律剝奪我們的權(quán)利，阻擋我們的進(jìn)步，始終到今日，我們還處在幾乎什么權(quán)利都沒(méi)有的階段。【要點(diǎn)提煉】(1)see在此處的主語(yǔ)為物，意為“見(jiàn)證；目睹”，是一種擬人的用法，可使語(yǔ)言變得生動(dòng)。①Theoldtemplehasseengreatchangesofthevillageinthepasttwohundredyears.這座古廟見(jiàn)證了過(guò)去二百年里這個(gè)村莊的巨大改變。②Thelast5yearshaveseentherapiddevelopmentintheInternet.過(guò)去的五年見(jiàn)證了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的快速發(fā)展。③Thedusksawalittlegirlcryinginthestreet.黃昏時(shí)，一個(gè)小女孩在街上哭。(2)句中where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為stage。④Wejusthopetoreachapointwherebothsideswillsitdownandtalktogether.我們只是希望達(dá)到雙方能坐下來(lái)一起談判的地步。⑤Youcouldgetintoasituationwhereyouhavetodecideimmediately.你可能遇到一種狀況，使你不得不立即作出確定。(教材P34)...onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.……只有到這個(gè)時(shí)候，我們才確定用暴力抗拒暴力。【要點(diǎn)提煉】“only＋副詞”置于句首時(shí)，句子部分用部分倒裝。當(dāng)“only＋副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)”置于句首時(shí)，后面句子要用部分倒裝，即把助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)的前面。①Onlyinthiswaycanyousolvethisproblem.只有用這種方法，你才能解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。②OnlywhenIleftmyparentsforItalydidIrealizehowmuchIlovedthem.只有當(dāng)我離開(kāi)父母去意大利時(shí)我才意識(shí)到我多么愛(ài)他們。[名師點(diǎn)津]only的小陷阱(1)當(dāng)only修飾狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，主句部分倒裝，被only修飾的狀語(yǔ)從句部分不倒裝。(2)only不置于句首不倒裝。(3)當(dāng)only修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子不用倒裝。1．(教材P34)However，thiswasatimewhenonehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.【分析】本句是主從復(fù)合句。atime是先行詞，when引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句且在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。【譯文】然而在那個(gè)時(shí)候，一個(gè)人要想住在約翰內(nèi)斯堡就非得要有身份證不行。2．(教材P34)SadlyIdidnothaveonebecauseIwasnotbornthere，andIworriedaboutwhetherIwouldbecomeoutofwork.【分析】本句是并列句。and連接了兩個(gè)并列分句，在第一個(gè)分句中，because引導(dǎo)的是緣由狀語(yǔ)從句。在其次個(gè)分句中，whether引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句。【譯文】可悲的是，我沒(méi)有身份證，因?yàn)槲也皇窃谀抢镎Q生的，因而我擔(dān)憂我會(huì)失業(yè)。3．(教材P34)ButIwashappytohelpbecauseIknewitwouldhelpusachieveourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal.【分析】本句是主從復(fù)合句。ButIwashappytohelp是主句。because引導(dǎo)的是緣由狀語(yǔ)從句，itwouldhelpusachieveourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal是省略了連詞that的賓語(yǔ)從句。【譯文】但是，我樂(lè)意幫忙，因?yàn)槲抑溃@有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)我們黑人和白人同等的幻想。Ⅰ.單詞拼法1．Thewomanistoomean(吝嗇的)tomakeadonation.2．Youmusttrytoimprovethequality(質(zhì)量)ofallyourgoods.3．Doyouknowwhenthegovernmentwasfounded(成立)?4．Shetakesanactive(主動(dòng)的)partinschoollife.5．Allpeopleareequal(同等的)，havingthesamerightsaseachother.6．Iwasafairlygoodfootballplayerinmyyouth(青年時(shí)期)．7．Chinaisplayinganimportantroleontheinternationalpoliticalstage(舞臺(tái))．8．Billisagenerous(大方的)person，whohasgivenmillionsofdollarstohelpthosepeopleinthedisaster-hitarea.Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Ithinkyoushouldsettleyourprobleminapeaceful(peace)way.Fightingcan'tsolveanyproblems.2．Heofferedguidance(guide)tothepoorpeopleontheirlegalrights.3．It'sillegal(legal)toreadpeople'sprivateletterswithoutpermission.4．Thelawyeriswilling(will)tohelpthoseintrouble.5．Themoneywasdividedequally(equal)amongherfourchildren.6．Weallknowthateverybodylikestoworkwithwhoeverisreliable(rely)andeasytogetonwith.7．Nowadaysmanyschoolchildrendevotetoomuchtimetoplaying(play)computergames.8．Founded(found)inlastcentury，thechurchhasahistoryofabout90years.9．Amyhadgreattrouble(in)making(make)uphermindtosendhe