ICS07.060

CCSA47

中華人民共和國國家標準

GB/T44953—2024

雷電災害調查技術規范

Technicalspecificationforlightningdisasterinvestigation

2024?11?28發布2025?03?01實施

國家市場監督管理總局

國家標準化管理委員會發布

GB/T44953—2024

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

1范圍·······················································································································1

2規范性引用文件········································································································1

3術語和定義··············································································································1

4調查流程·················································································································1

5調查內容·················································································································2

6分析鑒定·················································································································3

7調查報告編制···········································································································4

8評價與改進··············································································································5

附錄A（資料性）雷電災害現場調查表樣式········································································6

附錄B（資料性）雷擊熔痕和人體傷害癥狀········································································7

附錄C（資料性）雷電災害損失統計·················································································8

附錄D（規范性）雷電災害等級·······················································································9

附錄E（資料性）雷電災害調查報告提綱樣式····································································10

參考文獻····················································································································11

Ⅰ

GB/T44953—2024

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標準化工作導則第1部分：標準化文件的結構和起草規則》的規

定起草。

請注意本文件的某些內容可能涉及專利。本文件的發布機構不承擔識別專利的責任。

本文件由中國氣象局提出。

本文件由全國氣象防災減災標準化技術委員會（SAC/TC345）歸口。

本文件起草單位：安徽省氣象災害防御技術中心、中國人民解放軍31010部隊、杭州天湖智能科技

有限公司、國家氣象中心、中科天際科技股份有限公司、南京氣象科技創新研究院、安徽省黃山氣象管

理處、安徽省氣象局財務核算中心、河北省信息工程學校、北京市氣象探測中心、安徽師范大學、安徽華

云氣象災害風險評估中心、安徽升輝檢測有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：陶寅、李麗、邱陽陽、劉巖、張恬、夏珅寧、李根、陶國清、王新來、梁景峰、

張嘉儀、莊道全、孫鵬、鄒俊斌、王韞喆、李京校、戴燦星、吳義成、朱浩、張輝、張永芹、張杰、史躍玲、

高攀亮、王麗清、關象石。

Ⅲ

GB/T44953—2024

雷電災害調查技術規范

1范圍

本文件確立了雷電災害的調查流程，規定了雷電災害的調查內容、分析鑒定、調查報告編制的要

求，并描述了對應的證實方法。

本文件適用于雷電災害調查工作。

2規范性引用文件

下列文件中的內容通過文中的規范性引用而構成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，僅該日期對應的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改單）適用于

本文件。

GB/T13870.4—2017電流對人和家畜的效應第4部分：雷擊效應

GB/T16840.2—2021電氣火災痕跡物證技術鑒定方法第2部分：剩磁檢測法

GB/T16840.4—2021電氣火災痕跡物證技術鑒定方法第4部分：金相分析法

3術語和定義

下列術語和定義適用于本文件。

3.1

雷電災害lightningdisaster

因雷擊對生命體、建（構）筑物、電氣和電子系統等所造成的損害。

3.2

雷電災害調查lightningdisasterinvestigation

雷電災害的現場勘察和取證、資料收集、技術鑒定和分析、評估并做出結論的過程。

3.3

剩磁residualmagnetism

鐵磁體被導線短路電流或雷擊電流形成的磁場磁化后所保留的磁性。

[來源：GB/T16840.2—2021，3.1]

3.4

雷電定位系統lightninglocationsystem；LLS

閃電定位系統

通過探測雷電放電過程中產生的電磁輻射信號，采用多種雷電定位技術和方法，來確定雷電發生

時間、位置、極性等多項雷電參數的系統。

注：由多個設在不同地理位置的雷電傳感器（又稱子站）、數