設備管理與維修預防EquipmentManagementandPreventiveMaintenance機電設備定期點檢RegularSpotCheckofElectromechanicalEquipment柳州職業技術學院/機電工程學院LiuzhouVocationalandTechnicalCollege/SchoolofMechanicalandElectricalEngineering課程導入CourseIntroduction設備是不會說話的嬰兒，嬰兒:會動，會哭，會撒嬌，

Equipmentislikenon-verbalbabies:Theycanmove,cry,andcoo,設備:振動、噪音、泄漏來抗議、來引起我們的關注；

Equipment:Makevibration,noise,andleakagetoprotestandattractourattention;人們總是希望：又要馬兒跑，又要馬兒少吃草！

Itisalwayshopedthathorsesrunfastwhileeatinglessgrass!該頁為二維動畫Thispageisfortwo-dimensionalanimation目錄Contents學習

內容LearningContents一

/I.機電設備定期點檢定義DefinitionofRegularSpotCheckforElectromechanicalEquipment二

/II.機電設備定期點檢目的PurposeofRegularSpotCheckforElectromechanicalEquipment三

/III.機電設備定期點檢方法MethodofRegularSpotCheckforElectromechanicalEquipment四

/IV機電設備定期點檢內容ContentofRegularSpotCheckforElectromechanicalEquipment五

/V.數控機床定期點檢作業RegularSpotCheckandMaintenanceofCNCMachineTools一、設備定期點檢的定義I.DefinitionofRegularSpotCheckforEquipment設備定期點檢的定義DefinitionofRegularSpotCheckforEquipment設備通過人的五感或者借助工具、儀器，按照預先設定的周期和方法，對設備上的規定部位（點）進行有無異常的預防性周密檢查的過程。

Itreferstotheprocessinvolvingpreventiveandthoroughinspectionsofspecifiedareas(points)onequipment

forabnormalities,usinghumanfivesensesortoolsandinstruments,followingpredeterminedcyclesandmethods.種類Type檢查方法Inspectionmethod設備對象Equipmentobject責任人Responsibleperson周期Cycle檢查內容InspectionContents定期點檢Regularspotcheck無需解體，憑五官及簡單儀器進行檢查Nodisassemblyisrequired,andtheexaminationshallbecarriedoutwithhumansenseandsimpleinstruments產品主作業生產線Mainoperationproductionlineofproducts專職點檢員Dedicatedinspector按維護保養計劃而定，通常為0.5天-1天Itisdeterminedaccordingtothemaintenanceschedule,usuallyrangingfrom0.5daysto1day設備運行前檢查振動、溫升、磨損、異響、松動、漏水、氣、油、潤滑狀態等Checkthevibration,temperaturerise,wear,abnormalsound,looseness,waterleakage,air,oil,andlubricationstatusbeforeequipmentoperation局部解體或循環維修的方法，或用儀器、儀表測試等方法Methodsofpartialdisassemblyorcyclicmaintenance,ortheuseofinstrumentsandtestingmethods單臺設備或產品主作業生產線Mainoperationproductionlineofsingleequipmentorproduct專職點檢員Dedicatedinspector按設備維護保養計劃定，通常為1天-1周Itisdeterminedaccordingtothemaintenancescheduleofequipment,usuallyrangingfrom1dayto1week傳動機構、進給機構、潤滑系統、冷卻系統等檢查、清掃、緊固、調整Check,clean,fasten,andadjustthedrivingmechanism,feedingmechanism,lubricationsystem,andcoolingsystem視覺Visual聽覺Hearing嗅覺Smell觸覺Tactile味覺Taste看Look聽Listen聞Smell摸Touch嘗Taste二、機電設備定期點檢目的II.PurposeofRegularSpotCheckforElectromechanicalEquipment機電設備定期點檢目的機電設備定期點檢目的通過定期點檢準確掌握設備狀況，提前維持和改善設備工作性能，預防事故發生，減少停機時間，延長設備壽命，降低維修費用，保證正常生產

Accuratelyassesstheconditionofequipmentthroughregularinspections,proactivelymaintainandimproveoperationalperformance,preventaccidents,reducedowntime,extendequipmentlifespan,lowermaintenancecosts,andensureuninterruptedproduction.接線端接觸不良Poorcontactofterminals皮帶破損Beltdamage三、機電設備定期點檢方法III.MethodofRegularSpotCheckforElectromechanicalEquipment機電設備定期點檢方法MethodofRegularSpotCheckforElectromechanicalEquipment該頁為二維動畫Thispageisfortwo-dimensionalanimation機電設備定期點檢方法MethodofRegularSpotCheckforElectromechanicalEquipment該頁為二維動畫Thispageisfortwo-dimensionalanimation詳細設定設備應檢查的部位、項目及內容，做到有目的、有方向地實施點檢作業。Thedetailedconfigurationspecifiesthelocations,items,andcontentthatshouldbeinspected,ensuringthatthespotcheckiscarriedoutpurposefullyanddirectionally.1定點：Fixedpoint:機電設備定期點檢方法MethodofRegularSpotCheckforElectromechanicalEquipment該頁為二維動畫Thispageisfortwo-dimensionalanimation即制訂標準，作為衡量和判別檢查部位是否正常的依據。Itestablishesstandardsasthebasisformeasuringanddeterminingwhetherinspectionsitesfunctioningnormally.2定標：Fixedstandard:實拍機電設備定期點檢方法MethodofRegularSpotCheckforElectromechanicalEquipment該頁為二維動畫Thispageisfortwo-dimensionalanimation對檢查項目制訂明確的檢查方法，即采用“五官”判別，或是借助于簡單的工具、儀器進行判別。Theformulationofspecificinspectionmethodsforinspectionitemsusesthe'fivesenses'judgmentorreliesonsimpletoolsandinstrumentsforjudgment.3定法：Fixedmethod:紅外測溫儀Infraredthermometer鉗形電流表Clip-onammeter機電設備定期點檢方法MethodofRegularSpotCheckforElectromechanicalEquipment該頁為二維動畫Thispageisfortwo-dimensionalanimation制訂點檢周期，按設備重要程度、檢查部位是否重點等。Establishthepointcheckcyclebasedontheimportanceofequipmentandwhethertheinspectionpointsarecritical.4定期：Fixedperiod:制訂點檢項目的實施人員（生產、點檢、專業技術人員等）。Thepersonnelresponsibleforimplementinginspectionprojects(productionstaff,inspectionpersonnel,andprofessionalswithtechnicalexpertise).5定人：Fixedpeople:四、機電設備定期點檢內容IV.ContentofRegularSpotCheckforElectromechanicalEquipment機電設備定期點檢內容ContentofRegularSpotCheckforElectromechanicalEquipment緊固Fastening清潔Cleaning加油Refueling加油Refueling五、數控機床定期點檢作業V.RegularSpotCheckandMaintenanceofCNCMachineTools數控機床定期點檢作業RegularSpotCheckandMaintenanceofCNCMachineTools（一）定期點檢的目的和作用(I)Thepurposeandfunctionofregularspotchecks延長平均無故障時間，增加機床的開動率；

Extendtheaveragetimebetweenfaultsandincreasethemachinetooloperationrate;便于及早發現故障隱患，避免停機損失；

Facilitatesearlydetectionoffaultsandriskstoavoiddowntimelosses;期保持數控設備的加工精度。

MaintainthemachiningprecisionofCNCequipmentoverthelongterm.例如Forexample定期檢查、調整絲杠螺母副的軸向間隙。Regularlyinspectandadjusttheaxialclearanceofthescrewandnutassembly.主軸Spindle冷卻風管Coolingairduct滾珠絲杠內部結構BallscrewInternalstructure數控機床定期點檢作業RegularSpotCheckandMaintenanceofCNCMachineTools1.定點1.Fixedpoint確定維護點Determinethemaintenancepoints2.定標2.Fixedstandard對維護點制訂標準Establishstandardsformaintenancepoints3.定期3.Fixedperiod定出檢查周期Determinetheinspectionperiod4.定項4.Fixeditem明確檢查項目Specifytheinspectionitems5.定人5.Fixedpeople落實到人Assignedtospecificpersonnel6.定法6.Fixedmethod檢查方法Inspectionmethod7.檢查7.Inspection檢查步驟Inspectionsteps8.記錄8.Record詳細做記錄內容與時間Recordcontentandtimeindetail9.處理9.Treatment能處理的則做處理Treatthosethatcanbetreated10.分析10.Analysis分析找出薄弱環節Analyzeandidentifyweaklinks時長不足的情況下可以考慮做成二維動畫Two-dimensionalanimationcanbeconsideredincaseofinsufficientduration（二）定期點檢的內容(II)Contentsofregularspotcheck數控機床定期點檢作業RegularSpotCheckandMaintenanceofCNCMachineTools1.日常點檢1.Dailyspotcheck機床的一般部位進行點檢。Performspotchecksonthegeneralpartsofthemachinetool.2.專職點檢2.Full-timespotcheck機床的關鍵部位和重要部位進行點檢。Performspotchecksonkeyandvitalcomponentsofthemachinetool.3.生產點檢3.Manufacturingspotcheck對生產運行中的數控機床進行點檢。PerformspotchecksonCNCmachinetoolsduringproductionoperations.（三）定期點檢的分類(III)Classificationofregularspotcheck（四）定期點檢的優缺點(IV)Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofregularspotcheck可以把出現的故障和性能的劣化消滅在萌芽狀態，防止過修或欠修。Itcaneliminatefaultsanddegradationatanearlystage,preventingover-maintenanceorunder-maintenance.優點Advantage定期點檢工作量大Heavyworkloadofregularspotcheck缺點Disadvantage數控機床定期點檢作業RegularSpotCheckandMaintenanceofCNCMachineTools（五）定期點檢的項目(V)Regularspotcheckitems1.日檢

1.Dailyinspection2.周檢

2.Weeklyinspection3.月檢

3.Monthlyinspection4.季檢

4.Seasonalinspection1）液壓系統

1)Hydraulicsystem2）主軸潤滑系統

2)Spindlelubricationsystem3）導軌潤滑系統

3)Guideraillubricationsystem4）冷卻系統

4)Coolingsystem5）氣壓系統

5)Pneumaticsystem1）機床零件1)Machinetoolparts2）主軸潤滑系統2)Spindlelubricationsystem3）機床零件清除鐵屑3)Removescrapironfrommachinetoolparts4）進行外部雜物清掃4)Cleantheexternaldebris1）電源1)Power2）空氣干燥器2)Airdryer1）機床床身1)Machinetoolbed2）液壓系統2)Hydraulicsystem3）主軸潤滑系統3)Spindlelubricationsystem數控機床定期點檢作業RegularSpotCheckandMaintenanceofCNCMachineTools（五）定期點檢的項目(V)Regularspotcheckitems5.年檢5.Annualinspection6.不定期檢查6.Casualinspection1）每半年1)Semi-annually滾珠絲杠：清洗舊潤滑脂，涂上新的油脂Ballscrew:cleantheoldgreaseandapplynewgrease液壓油路：清洗溢流閥、減壓閥、濾油器及油箱箱底、更換或過濾液壓油Hydraulicoilcircuit:Cleanthereliefvalve,pressure-reducingvalve,oilfilter,andtankbottom,andreplaceorfilterhydraulicoil2）每年2)Annually檢查并更換直流伺服電機碳刷；InspectandreplacethecarbonbrushoftheDCservomotor;檢查換向器表面，吹凈碳粉，去毛刺Checkthesurfaceofthereversingswitch,blowoffcarbondust,anddeburr更換長度過短的電刷，跑合后使用潤滑液壓泵、濾油器清洗，清理池底，更換濾油器Replaceshort-lengthbrushes,cleanthehydraulicpumpandfilterwithlubricatingfluidafterrunningin,clearthepoolbottom,andreplacetheoilfilter1）檢查各軸軌道上鑲條、壓緊滾輪松緊狀態（按機床說明書調整）1)Checkthetightnessofinsertsoneachaxistrackandthestateofthetensioningrollers(adjustaccordingtothemachinetoolmanual)2）冷卻水箱：檢查液面高度，太臟、更換，清理水箱底部，經常清洗過濾器2)Coolingwatertank:Checktheliquidlevelandreplaceitifitistoodirty.Cleanthebottomofthewatertankandthefilterfrequently3）排屑器：經常清理鐵屑、檢查有無卡住3)Chipremover:Cleantheironfilingsfrequentlyandcheckwhetheritisstuck4）清理廢油池：及時取油池中廢油，以免外溢4)Cleaningofwasteoilpool:takethewasteoilfromtheoilpoolintimetoavoidoverflow5）調整主軸驅動帶松緊：按機床