LaborMarket&SalaryReport勞動力市場和薪資調查報告2024|2025AMember-ExclusiveReport–

17thEdition會員專屬報告-第17版GETAHEADINYOURCAREERWITHINTERNATIONALBUSINESSSCHOOLSUZHOU西浦國際商學院助你領先職場西交利物浦大學西浦國際商學院開設各類碩士學位項目和中短期課程，旨在推動終身學習和職業發展，助力企業培養領袖，塑造未來。InternationalBusinessSchoolSuzhou(IBSS)atXJTLUoffersarangeofMasterandExecutiveEducationprogrammestoprepareleadersandprofessionalstocopewiththeever-chang-ingbusinessenvironment,learnemerginganalyticaltools,anddevelopaleadershipmindset.非全日制碩士項目Part-timeMasterDegreeProgrammesOurprogrammesareprocessedthroughonlineapplicationsandaretaught100%inEnglish.Thecoremodulesaretaughtonweekendsfor2-3years.GraduatesreceiveaninternationallyrecognizedMaster'sdegreefromtheUniversityofLiverpoolwhichiscertifiedbytheMinistryofEducationinChina.西浦國際商學院非全日制碩士項目采用申請制，全英文授課，核心課程安排于周末，學制2-3年。畢業生可獲得國際認可的英國利物浦大學碩士學位，并可在教育部留學服務中心認證。國際工商管理碩士管理學碩士運營與供應鏈管理碩士項目管理碩士InternationalMBAforExecutivesMScManagementMScOperationsandSupplyChainManagementMScProjectManagement高管教育西浦國際商學院高管教育結合中英雙方母校優勢，打通文化脈絡，依托行業經驗豐富的國際化師資，以及貫穿12個學科領域超過76門的專業課程，提供彈性的課程規劃，以滿足不同企業和個人的需求。ExecutiveEducationCombiningthestrengthsofprestigiousuniversitiesinbothChinaandtheUK,weoffertheflexiblecurriculumacrossmorethan76special-izedcoursesin12academicfieldstomeetthediverseneedsofvariousenterprisesandindividuals.工商管理研修班ManagerialAccelerationProgramme(MAP)Target:Middleandseniormanagers,businessownersofrapidlygrowingcompanies,andcompany-selectedexecutivesObjective:Efficientlylearncoremanagementcourseswithin6-8monthstocomprehensivelyenhancestrategicthinkingandpracticalabilitiesunderthethemeofsustainabledevelopment.課程對象：企業中高層管理者、快速成長期企業的企業主、公司選派的委培高管課程目標：在6-8個月內高效學習管理類核心課程，全方位提升圍繞可持續發展主題的戰略思維和實戰能力短期公開課程Short-termOpenEnrolmentProgramme戰略與發展經濟與現代商業金融與財會項目管理StrategyandDevelopmentEconomicsandModernBusiness領導力LeadershipFinanceandAccountingProjectManagement談判與策略NegotiationandDecisionMakingOrganisationalManagementMarketing&Sales組織與管理ESG與可持續發展數智化ESGandSustainableDevelopmentDigitalIntelligence市場營銷與銷售運營與供應鏈管理OperationandSupplyChainManagementPersonalDevelopment個人發展CustomisedProgrammeDesignanddeliverhigh-valueexecutiveeducationprogrammestailoredtofirmsacrossdifferentindustries.定制化課程依照不同行業特點，為企業制定可持續高管培訓課程方案。AboutIBSSatXJTLU西交利物浦大學西浦國際商學院IBSSisthebusinessschoolofXJTLU,ajointventureofXi’anJiaotongUniversityinChinaandtheUniversityofLiverpoolintheUK.IBSShasover200staffmembersandmorethan7,500studentsfromover60differentcountries.IBSSisaTripleCrownAccredited(AACSB,EQUISandAMBA)businessschool,offeringauniqueblendofWesternandChineseacademicpractices.西浦國際商學院（簡稱IBSS）隸屬于由中國的西安交通大學和英國的利物浦大學聯合創辦的西交利物浦大學，是全球少數享有盛名的AACSB、AMBA、EQUIS三冠認證的商學院之一。學院擁有逾200名員工和來自60多個不同國家的7500多名學生，通過融合東西方優秀教育傳統的最優實踐，架設起了中國與世界交流的橋梁。ContactUs聯系我們FormoreinformationaboutOpenEnrolmentProgramme:Tel電話:Email郵箱:Address地址:更多關于公開課程信息ibsspgrecruitment@(Part-timeMasterDegreeProgramme非全日制碩士項目)ibssexeced@(ExecutiveEducationProgramme高管教育)IBSSBuilding(SouthCampusofXJTLU),8ChongwenRoad,DushuLakeScienceandInnovationDistrict,SIP,Suzhou,Jiangsu,China215123(Part-timeMasterDegreeProgramme非全日制碩士項目0512-81883236(ExecutiveEducationProgramme中國江蘇蘇州工業園區獨墅湖高教區崇文路8號西浦南校區IBSS大樓高管教育)LABORMARKET&SALARYREPORT2024|2025GERMANCHAMBEROFCOMMERCEINCHINATheGermanChamberofCommerceinChinacurrentlyhasaround2,100membersandistheofficialmemberorganizationforGermancompaniesinChina.IthelpsitsmemberstothriveintheChinesemarketbyprovidingrelevantmarketintelligenceandpracticalguidance.ItoffersaplatformfortheSino-Germanbusinesscommunityandadvocatesforitsmembers'intereststowardstakeholders,includinggovernmentbodiesandthepublic.ContactforpressinquiriesCarinaMingleContactforfurtherinformationAuroraLiuHeadofMediaRelations&CorporateCommunications+86-10-6539-6670EconomicAnalyst+86-21-5081-2266liu.aurora@china.ahk.demingle.carina@china.ahk.de?2024GermanChamberofCommerceinChina(GCC).Nopartofthiscontentandpublicationmaybereproducedwithoutpriorpermission.Forfurtherquestions,pleaserefertotheprovidedcontactpersons.Whileeveryreasonableeffortismadetoensurethattheinformationprovidedisaccurate,noguaranteesforthecurrencyoraccuracyofinformationaremade.Allmaterialrelatingtoinformation,products,andservices(ortothirdpartyinformation,productsandservices),isprovided'asis',withoutanyrepresentationorendorsementmadeandwithoutwarrantyofanykind,includingtheimpliedwarrantiesofsatisfactoryquality,fitnessforaparticularpurpose,non-infringement,compatibility,securityandaccuracy.Thecontributorsaresolelyresponsibleforthecontentthereof.ViewsexpresseddonotnecessarilyrepresentthoseoftheGermanChamberofCommerceinChina.andtheseentitieswillnotbeliableforanylossordamagewhatsoeverarisingfrominfringementoranydefectofrightsofthecontent.Thisinformationincludeslinkstootherwebsites.Theselinksareprovidedforyourconveniencetoprovidefurtherinformation.Theydonotsignifythatweendorsethewebsite(s).Wehavenoresponsibilityforthecontentofthelinkedwebsite(s).勞動力市場和薪資調查報告2024|2025中國德國商會中國德國商會在中國目前擁有大約2100家會員企業，是在華德企官方會員組織。通過提供相關市場情報和實用指南，中國德國商會幫助其會員在中國市場上蓬勃發展。它為中德商業社群提供平臺，并代表其會員利益向利益相關者，包括政府機構和公眾進行倡導。媒體聯系人CarinaMingle了解更多報告信息，請聯系劉晨曦媒體公關部高級總監+86-10-6539-6670mingle.carina@china.ahk.de經濟分析師+86-21-5081-2266liu.aurora@china.ahk.de?2024年中國德國商會（GCC）。未經許可，本內容和出版物的任何部分均不得轉載。如有其他問題，請聯系上述聯系人。我們已盡責核對所提供信息的準確性，但對此等信息的及時性和準確性不作任何擔保。涉及信息、產品和服務（或第三方信息、產品和服務）的所有材料均“如實”提供，不作背書，不提供任何擔保，不保證質量滿意、適合特定用途或不侵權，亦不保證其兼容性、安全性以及準確性。發言者、提供者的相關內容由發言者、提供者自行負責。發表觀點不代表中國德國商會。因內容或活動素材侵權或版權缺陷遭致損失的，上述機構概不負責。該信息含有鏈接指向其他網址。此等鏈接旨在方便您了解更多信息。但不表示我們認可該等網址。對于鏈接網址的內容，我們不承擔任何責任。LaborMarket&SalaryReport2024|2025ContentExecutiveSummary68I.LaborMarketEnvironment1.1.ChineseEconomy1.2.TotalUnemploymentRate1.3.YouthUnemploymentRate888II.WageDevelopmentsinChina102.1.WageGrowth2.2.MinimumWagesandWageGuidelines1014III.SurveyResults181.EffectiveandExpectedWageDevelopmentsatGermanCompanies2.DetailedWageDevelopments3.WageLevels4.LaborCosts5.HRandRecruitmentChallenges6.ForeignEmployees7.EmployeeTurnoverandAdditionalHRData8.AbouttheSurvey9.ProfileofContributors181823283133353636IV.CompensationData4041.Introduction2.WagesandWageIncreases3.SegmentationVariables4.Region5.East6.North4042424347517.SouthandSouthwest8.CityTierCONTACT9.Industry10.CompanySizeToaccessspecificcompensationdata,pleasecontact:11.TotalCostperEmployee:MedianandPercentilesMs.AuroraLiuEconomicAnalystGermanChamberofCommerceinChina|Shanghai+86-21-5081-2266V.DefinitionsVI.Referencesliu.aurora@china.ahk.de勞動力市場和薪資調查報告2024|2025目錄內容摘要79I.勞動力市場環境1.1.中國經濟1.2.中國整體失業率1.3.青年失業率999II.中國工資增長狀況112.1.薪資增長狀況2.2.最低工資及工資指導線1115III.調查結果191.在華德企實際和預期薪資變化2.詳細薪資變化3.薪資水平4.勞動力成本5.人力資源和招聘挑戰6.外籍員工7.員工流動和其它HR數據8.關于本次調查9.受訪企業簡況191924293234373737IV.薪酬數據4151.簡介2.薪資和薪資漲幅3.細分變量414356574.地區5.華東及華中6.華北及東北7.華南和西南8.城市分級更詳細的薪酬數據，請聯系：9.行業10.企業規模11.每位員工總成本：中位數和百分數劉晨曦經濟分析師中國德國商會

|上海+86-21-5081-2266liu.aurora@china.ahk.deV.定義VI.參考文件LaborMarket&SalaryReport2024|2025EXECUTIVESUMMARY?

ExpectedSalaryinChina:TheprojectedwagegrowthdevelopmentforGermancompaniesinChinahasbeenonadownwardtrajectory,andthetrendcontinuesitsdescentwithanexpectedgrowthrateof3.81%in2025,markingthefirstprojectionbelow4%(excludingtheanticipationfor2021madein2020,whentheinitialoutbreakofCOVID-19createduncertainty).The2025forecastis0.68PercentagePoint(p.p.)below2024’sexpectation(FigureES.1).Ontheotherhand,DeputyGeneralManagers/BranchManagersreceiveamedianTCEofCNY66,800/month,representingadecreaseofaroundCNY20,000/month.Meanwhile,theTCEofCEOs/GeneralManagersstandsatCNY113,435/month,adecreaseofaroundCNY6,500/month(FigureES.3).FigureES.3:ComparisonofWageLevelbyProductionWorkers,LevelofSeniority&SeniorManagementTotalCostperEmployee/Month,inCNYFigureES.1:ExpectedWageGrowthDevelopmentatGermanCompaniesinChina202320242015-2025,NominalGrowth,in%8.17.16.235.95.995.534.914.884.493.793.8120152016201720182019202020212022202320242025Theexpectedwagegrowthistheaverageofalltheindividualpositions’

expectedwagegrowthcollectedinthesurvey.In2024,withatotalof446companiesand46differentroles,thenumberofobservationscollectedtotaled5,935.CHINAProductionJuniorWorkersMid-LevelSeniorDeputyGM/BMCEO/GMDeputyGM/BM:DeputyGeneralManager/BranchManager.CEO/GM:ChiefExecutiveOfficer/GeneralManager/ManagingDirector.?EffectiveSalaryinChina:Similartolastyear,theeffectivesalaryincreasedidn’tmeettheinitialexpectation.In2024,effectivesalariesexperiencedanaveragegrowthrateof3.9%,0.59p.p.belowtheinitialexpectationof4.49%(FigureES.2).6?

ForeignEmployees:Theproportionofcompanieshiringforeignershasbeendecliningandreached65%in2024.Thisrepresentsasignificantdropofalmost20p.p.comparedtothatin2017.Theproportionfellbelow50%forthefirsttimeinsmallcompanies(43.6%)(FigureES.4).Theprimereasonforreplacingexpatriatestaffwithlocalstaffwaswagelevel.FigureES.2:ExpectedandEffectiveWageIncreasesinChina2024-2025,in%4.49FigureES.4ShareofCompaniesEmployingForeignersCompanySizebyNumberofEmployees,in%3.903.81CHINALessthan5050-250Greaterthan250100%90%80%70%60%50%40%94.489.984.090.689.489.289.382.6Expected2024Effective2024Expected202581.079.977.277.876.278.174.177.874.280.871.473.673.670.869.558.968.865.0?WageLevels:ThemedianTotalCostperEmployee(TCE)continuestoriseandiscurrentlyatCNY19,100/monthin2024.Productionworkers,juniorandmid-levelprofessionalspresentmediancompensationvaluesbelowChina’smedianTCEandtheirTCEsawaminorincreasecomparedto2023.63.262.459.658.356.943.620172018201920202021202220232024勞動力市場和薪資調查報告2024|2025內容摘要?

預期薪資漲幅：在華德企預期的預期薪資漲幅一直呈現下降趨勢，并且這種趨勢目前仍在持續，2025年的預計薪資漲幅為3.81％，首次低于4％（除了2020年疫情初次爆發時不確定性引起的對2021年的預期較低的特例之外）。這一預期比2024年的預期薪資漲幅低0.68個百分點（圖ES.1)。圖

ES.3:在華德企的薪資水平（按產業工人、資歷級別和高級管理層細分）2024年每位員工總成本

單位：元/月20232024圖

ES.1：

在華德企預期薪資漲幅狀況2015-2025年，名義漲幅，（單位：

%）8.17.16.235.95.995.534.914.884.493.793.8120152016201720182019202020212022202320242025預期薪資漲幅是調查中測得的所有單個職位的預期薪資漲幅的平均值。2024年，共有46個不同的特定職位，收集到的觀察數據共計5,935個。?

外籍員工被當地員工取代：在華德企中雇傭外籍員工的公司比例一直在下降，2024年僅有65%。與2017年相比，此比例大幅下降了近20個百分點。在小型企業中，該比例首次降至50%以下（43.6%）（圖

ES.4）。用本地員工取代外籍員工的主要原因是工資水平。?

實際薪資漲幅：與去年相同，2024年的實際薪資漲幅也未能達到先前的預期。2024年，實際薪資漲幅平均增長率為3.9%，比最初預期的4.49%低了0.59個百分點（圖ES.2）。7圖

ES.4外籍員工所占平均百分比企業規模（按公司員工劃分），單位：%，占員工總數的百分比圖ES.2:中國預期薪資與實際薪資漲幅2024-2025年，單位：%4.49中國50人以下50–250人超過250人3.90100%90%80%70%60%50%40%3.8194.489.984.090.689.489.289.377.874.282.681.079.977.277.876.278.174.180.871.473.673.670.869.558.968.865.02024年預期2024年實際2025年預期63.262.4?

薪資水平：每位員工成本的中位數持續上漲，2024年的中位數為19100元/月。生產工人、初級和中級專業人員的薪酬中位數低于全國的薪酬中位數，與2023年相比，他們的薪酬中位數略有上升。另一方面，副總經理/分公司經理的薪酬中位數為66800元/月，與去年相比減少了約20000元/月。同時，首席執行官/總經理的每位員工成本為113435元/月，減少了約

6500元人民幣/月（圖

ES.3）。59.658.356.943.620172018201920202021202220232024LaborMarket&SalaryReport2024|2025I.LABORMARKETENVIRONMENTFigure1.1:GDPGrowthDevelopment2017-2024H1*,GDPinCNYBillionandGrowthRatein%GDPGDPGrowthRate1.1ChineseEconomy1,400,0001,200,0001,000,000800,000600,000400,000200,0001,210,2071,260,5821,143,67016%14%12%10%8%6%4%2%1,013,567986,515919,2816.7832,0366.9China'seconomydemonstratedamixedperformanceinthefirsthalfof2024,withGrossDomesticProduct(GDP)growthdecliningfrom5.3%inthefirstquarterto4.7%inthesecondquarter,resultinginanoverallexpansionof5%forthefirsthalfoftheyeartoreachCNY61.68trillion(NationalBureauofStatistics,2024a).Thisoverallgrowthratealignswiththegovernment'sannualtarget,despitetheevidentslowdowninthesecondquarter.8.1616,8365.06.05.23.02.220172018201920202021202220232024H1*2024H1representsfirsthalfoftheyear2024Source:NationalBureauofStatistics.Industrialoutputgrewby6%,whileretailsalesroseby3.7%.Fixed-assetinvestmentexpandedby3.9%comparedtothepreviousyear(NationalBureauofStatistics,2024b).Whiletheseindicatorsshowresilience,challengesremaininsustaininggrowthmomentumandbalancingdevelopmentacrosssectorsamidglobaleconomicuncertainties.Nevertheless,theGermanChamber‘s

FlashSurvey[1]implementedinJune2024suggestsadegreeofrenewedoptimismintheChinesemarket,with29%ofrespondentsexpectinganimprovedbusinessenvironment-asignificant8p.p.increasecomparedtothepreviousyear.AsChinafocusesonresearchanddevelopmentinitspursuitofaninnovation-driveneconomy,theseeconomictrendsandevolvingbusinesssentimentsarelikelytoinfluencethejobmarket,particularlyintechnology-relatedsectors.Figure1.2:China’sTotalUnemploymentRatevs.YouthUnemploymentRateJanuary-December2020-June2024,in%NationalUrbanUnemploymentRateUrbanUnemploymentRateofthePopulationAgedfrom16to2425%21.320%15%10%5%14.95.00%820202021Source:NationalBureauofStatistics.2022202320241.2TotalUnemploymentRate*InJune2023,thestategovernmentsuspendedreleasingitsnationalyouthunemploymentrates.ThedatawasresumedpublishinginDecember2023;however,relevantmetricswereadjusted,whichexcludedstudentsfromthesample.In2024,China’s

employmentsituationwasstable,asdemonstratedbyaslightimprovementinurbansurveyedemploymentrates.Asreported,theaverageurbansurveyedunemploymentrateforthefirsthalfof2024was5.1%(NationalBureauofStatistics,2024c),markinga0.1p.p.decreasecomparedtothefirstquarteranda0.2p.p.decreasecomparedtothesameperiodlastyear.1.3YouthUnemploymentRateInJune2023,theyouthunemploymentrate(aged16-24)reachedarecordhighof21.3%,afterwhichthegovernmentsuspendeditsrelease.InJanuary2024,thegovernmentresumedpublishingthedata,usingarevisedmethodologythatexcludesschoolstudents(NationalBureauofStatistics,2024d).Underthisnewmetric,theyouthunemploymentratewas14.9%(NationalBureauofStatistics,2024e)inDecember2023,stillaboutthreetimestheoverallunemploymentrate.Thegovernmentaimstoaddressthisissuethroughvariousmeasures,includingpromotingemploymentopportunitiesandprovidingsupportforyoungjobseekers(Figure1.2).勞動力市場和薪資調查報告2024|2025I.勞動力市場環境圖1.1：

中國GDP增長情況2017-2024H1*，年度數據，GDP單位：億元，GDP增速單位：%GDPGDP增速1.1中國經濟1,400,0001,200,0001,000,000800,000600,000400,000200,00001210207126058216%14%12%10%11436708.198651510135672024年上半年，中國經濟呈現出了不同的發展情況，國內生產總值（GDP）增速從第一季度的

5.3%放緩至第二季度的4.7%，上半年總體GDP增速為5%，達到61.68萬億元人民幣（國家統計局，2024a）。盡管第二季度增速明顯放緩，但這一總體增速與政府的年度目標一致。9192818320366168368%6.96.76.05.26%4%2%0%3.02.25.020172018201920202021202220232024H1（2024上半年），工業產值同比增長6%，零售額同比增長3.7%，固定資產投資同比增長3.9%（國家統計局，2024b）。雖然這些指標顯示了經濟的韌性，但在全球經濟不確定的情況下，保持增長勢頭和平衡各行業均衡發展仍充滿挑戰。然而，中國德國商會于2024年6月實施的

“快訊調查”[1]表明，中國市場在一定程度上重新恢復了樂觀，29%的受訪企業預計中國的商業環境將有所改善，與上一年相比大幅增長了8個百分點。隨著中國在追求創新驅動型經濟的過程中更加注重研發，這些經濟趨勢和不斷變化的商業情緒很可能會影響就業市場，尤其是與技術相關的行業。隨著中國更加重視研發和發展創新驅動經濟，這些經濟趨勢和不斷變化的商業情緒很可能會影響就業市場，尤其是技術相關行業。*2024H1表示2024年上半年數據來源：中國國家統計局。圖1.2：

中國城鎮失業率與青年失業率2020-2024年6月，單位：%全國城鎮失業率全國城鎮16-24歲人口失業率25%21.320%15%10%5%14.95.00%1.2中國整體城鎮調查失業率2020202120222023202492024年，中國就業形勢穩中向好，城鎮調查失業率略有下降。

數據來源：中國國家統計局。*2023年

6月，中國政府暫停發布全國青年失業率。該數據于

2023年

12月進行了算法據統計，2024年上半年城鎮調查失業率平均為5.1%（國家統計局，2024c），比第一季度下降0.1個百分點，比去年同期下降0.2個百分點。調整，將學生排除計算范圍外后，恢復發布。1.3青年失業率2023年6月，青年（16-24歲）失業率達到21.3%的歷史新高，此后政府宣布暫停發布該數據。2024年1月，政府恢復公布該數據，并采用了將在校學生剔除在外的統計方法（國家統計局，2024d）。根據這一新指標，2023年12月的青年失業率為14.9%（國家統計局，2024e），仍是總體失業率的三倍左右。政府旨在通過各種措施解決這一問題，包括促進就業機會和為青年求職者提供支持（圖

1.2）。userid:529794,docid:172438,date:2024-08-20,LaborMarket&SalaryReport2024|2025II.WAGEDEVELOPMENTSINCHINAFigure2.3:AverageWageandGrowthRatein24ProvincesandCitiesinChina,2023AverageWageofEmployeesinUrbanNon-PrivateAverageWageofEmployeesinUrbanNon-AverageWageGrowth(Nominal)2.1WageGrowthRegionFactor*PrivateSector,Sector,2023.(CNY/month)2022.(CNY/month)BasedonChinesestatistics,in2023,China’s

overallaveragemonthlynominalwagewasreportedatCNY10,058,anincreaseofCNY556fromthepreviousyear(Renshetong,2024a).Theriseinwagesshowcaseda5.8%growthrate,signalingacontinuedimprovementinlaborconditionsandincomelevels.Nevertheless,thisgrowthraterepresentsasubstantialmoderationcomparedtothedouble-digitincreasesseenfiveyearsagoandithasalreadyreachedanall-timelow.Tianjin11,50111,08710,95210,42510,0589,5489,4719,1809,0719,0438,9288,9148,8978,6418,50110,79410,73510,41010,1449,5028,7348,9178,4838,4168,6508,5218,2378,5948,2217,9516.6%3.3%5.2%2.8%5.8%9.3%6.2%8.2%7.8%4.5%7.9%8.2%3.5%5.1%6.9%1.141.101.091.041.000.950.940.910.900.900.890.890.880.860.85ZhejiangGuangdongJiangsuCHINAHainanChongqingSichuanInnerMongoliaFujianFigure2.1:AverageWageandOverallWageGrowth2011-2023,AverageWageinCNY,AverageWageGrowthin%ShandongShaanxiYunnanAverageWageAverageWageGrowth(Nominal)120,00014.416%14%12%10%8%6%4%2%Anhui100,00080,00060,00040,00020,00011.910.9Guizhou10.110.110.09.89.79.58.97.6Gansu8,2608,0858,0157,5737,6187,6729.1%7.0%4.4%0.820.800.806.75.8HunanGuangxiHeilongjiangShanxiHebei7,9797,9197,9027,9117,7337,0137,3537,5417,5627,2697,3316,4698.5%5.1%4.5%8.8%5.5%8.4%0.790.790.790.790.770.70201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202310Note:Annualwagesbasedon12months;allwagesarepre-tax.Source:NationalBureauofStatistics.JilinJiangxiHenanFigure2.2:GDPandWageGrowth2011-2023,in%Note:*Factorrepresentstheratioofregionalwagetonationalaveragefor2023.Monthlywages,basedon12-monthsyearbasis;allwagesarepre-tax.**DataforBeijingandShanghaiwasnotreleased.Source:RenshetongAverageWageGrowth(nominal)GDPGrowth14.411.910.96.610.110.110.06.99.86.19.78.1ThesuddendecouplingbetweenGDPandwagegrowthcanbeattributedtomorerecenteconomicshocks.In2023,Chinasawsignificantlayoffsandsalaryreductionsacrossallsectors,suchastech,automotive,semiconductor,andrealestate,impactingbothlowandhigh-incomeearnersthroughoutthesupplychains[2].Someleadingcompanies–

suchasAlibaba,NIO,Tesla,andCountryGarden–

announcedlayoffsorsalaryreductions,whichreflectsabroadertrendforworkforceoptimizationinthefaceofeconomicheadwinds[3].ThistrendisfurthercorroboratedbydatafromtheNationalBureauofStatistics,whichshowsadecreaseintheemploymentrateofurbanresidentsaged25-59from92.1%in2022to91.6%in2023(NationalBureauofStatistics,2024f).9.58.96.77.62.25.85.26.79.57.97.87.36.93.02011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023Source:NationalBureauofStatistics.Itisworthnoting,however,thatthegrowthtrajectoriesinaveragenominalwagesandGDPhavedivergedin2023.AsshowninFigure2.2,wagegrowthandGDPgrowthhavehistoricallyincreasedintandem;datain2023,however,showsthatGDPhasevidentlydecoupledwiththecurrentwagegrowth.勞動力市場和薪資調查報告2024|2025II.中國工資增長狀況圖2.3：2023年中國24個省市城鎮私營單位就業人員平均月薪資及薪資增長率平均薪資單位：人民幣/月薪資漲幅（%）2.1工資增長狀況省份20232022系數*根據中國的統計數據，2023年，中國總體名義平均工資為10058元/月，比上年增加556元（國家統計局，2024e），工資增長率為5.8%，表明勞動條件和收入水平持續改善。然而，與五年前的兩位數增幅相比，這一薪資增長率已大幅放緩，并已創下歷史新低。天津115011108710952104251005895489471918090719,0438928891488978641850110794107351041010144950287348917848384168650852182378594822179516.6%3.3%5.2%2.8%5.8%9.3%6.2%8.2%7.8%4.5%7.9%8.2%3.5%5.1%6.9%1.141.101.091.041.000.950.940.910.900.900.890.890.880.860.85浙江廣東江蘇中國海南重慶四川內蒙古福建山東陜西云南安徽貴州圖2.1：平均薪資及薪資漲幅2011-2023年，單位：人民幣，%平均薪資平均薪資漲幅（%）120,00014.4100,00080,00016%14%12%10%8%6%4%2%11.910.910.110.110.09.89.79.58.97.660,0006.75.840,00020,000甘肅湖南廣西8260808580157573761876729.1%7.0%4.4%0.820.800.8000%2011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023注：平均薪資按12個月計算；所有薪資均為稅前薪資。黑龍江山西河北吉林江西河南7979791979027911773370137353754175627269733164698.5%5.1%4.5%8.8%5.5%8.4%0.790.790.790.790.770.70數據來源：中國國家統計局。圖2.2：年度GDP及薪資增速2011-2023年，單位：%11平均薪資增速（名義）GDP增速數據來源：人社通。14.4城鎮單位從業人員平均工資，月薪資按12個月計算；所有薪資均為稅前薪資。*系數代表2023年該地區薪資與國家平均水平的比率。**人社通未發布北京和上海的數據11.910.910.110.110.06.99.86.19.78.19.58.96.77.62.25.85.26.79.57.97.87.36.96.6GDP與工資增長之間的突然分化可歸因于近期的經濟沖擊。2023年，中國科技、汽車、半導體和房地產等各行各業都出現了大幅裁員和降薪，對整個供應鏈中的低收入和高收入者都造成了影響[2]。一些領先企業，如阿里巴巴、蔚來汽車、特斯拉和碧桂園，宣布裁員或降薪，這反映了在經濟逆風下勞動力優化的大趨勢[3]。國家統計局的數據進一步證實了這一趨勢，該數據顯示25-59歲城鎮居民就業率將從2022年的92.1%降至2023年的

91.6%（國家統計局，2024f）。3.02011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023數據來源：中國國家統計局。但值得注意的是，2023年平均名義工資和國內生產總值的增長軌跡出現了分化。如圖2.2所示，歷史上工資增長和GDP增長一直同步增長，但2023年的數據顯示，GDP增長的增速明顯超過了當前的工資增長。LaborMarket&SalaryReport2024|2025Followingthereleaseofthenationalaveragewagedatafor2023,twenty-fourprovincesandcitiesinChinahaveofficiallydisclosedtheiraveragewages(Renshetong,2024b)(Figure2.3).Amongthese,fourregions–

Tianjin,Zhejiang,Guangdong,andJiangsu–standoutwiththeiraveragewagessurpassingthenationalaverage;theseregionswerealsotheones,amongallsurveyedprovinces,reportedwithmonthlywagesexceedingCNY10,000.Amongthetopperformers,TianjinsurpassedotherprovinceswithanaverageannualwageofCNY138,007,aCNY8,465increasefromlastyear.ThistranslatestoamonthlyaverageofCNY11,501.ZhejiangfollowswithanaverageannualwageofCNY133,045.Notably,Hainan,Gansu,Sichuan,andShaanxiexperiencedthemostsubstantialgrowthrates,rangingfrom8.2%to9.3%.Figure2.4:GDPGrowthRatebyIndustry,2024Q1GrowthRatein%13.7%10.8%7.3%7.3%6.0%6.0%5.8%5.2%3.8%3.5%-5.4%Wagedevelopmentin2023showsadifferentiatedpatternacrossindustries(NationalBureauofStatistics,2024g)(Figure2.5).High-techindustriescontinuedtodominatethelabormarketintermsofwagepayment.TheInformationandCommunicationTechnologysectormaintaineditssteadyposition–

incomparisontothe2022ranking—

asthehighest-payingindustrywithanannualwageofCNY231,810;itsrobust13.7%year-on-yearGDPgrowthrecordedin2024Q1furtherunderlinesitsmomentumandpotential(NationalBureauofStatistics,2024h)(Figure2.4).TechnicalServices&ScientificResearch,ontheotherhand,maintaineditsthirdplacewithanannualwageofCNY171,447.Meanwhile,thefinancesectoremergedwithanimpressive13.4%wagegrowth,reachinganannualwageofCNY197,663(Figure2.5).Source:NationalBureauofStatistics.Figure2.5:WageDevelopmentsbyIndustry,2023Rankedbasedon2023AnnualWagesIndustry20232022GrowthFactor*IT231,810197,663171,447143,818143,594135,025127,334124,362124,067122,705120,698220,418174,341163,486135,222132,964121,522121,151115,408120,422115,345114,0295.2%13.4%4.9%6.4%8.0%11.1%5.1%7.8%3.0%6.4%5.8%1.921.641.421.191.191.121.051.031.031.021.00FinanceServicesTechnicalServices,R&DHealthcareUtilitiesMiningConversely,therealestatesectorcontinuedtofaceheadwinds,withamere1.8%wagegrowthrateandanannualwageofCNY91,932(Figure2.5).Whilethetransitionfromnegativetopositivegrowthsignalspositivechange(in2022,thegrowthrateofwagedevelopmentinrealestatewas-0.9%)[4],thesectorwastheonlyindustryexperiencinganegativeyear-on-yearGDPgrowthin2024Q1.Thisreflectsthesector’s

ongoingchallenges,includingconservativepurchasingduetomacroeconomicuncertaintyandshrinkingprofitmarginsfacedbydevelopers(Figure2.4).12CultureWholesale&RetailEducationTransport&LogisticsCHINAPublicManagement&SocialOrganizations117,108117,440-0.3%0.97BusinessServicesManufacturingRealEstate109,264103,93291,93285,804106,50097,52890,34678,2952.6%6.6%1.8%9.6%0.910.860.760.71ConstructionThehospitalityindustryhasreboundedremarkablyfromtheanti-pandemicmeasuresandrealizeda7.3%year-on-yearGDPgrowthin2024Q1(Figure2.4).Itsannualwagealsowitnesseda7.6%increase,reachingCNY58,094annually.Furthermore,themanufacturingsectorshowedresiliencewitha6.6%wagegrowth,underscoringitscontinuedimportancetotheChineseeconomy(Figure2.5).ResidentialServicesWater&EnvironmentAgriculture68,91968,65662,95265,47868,25658,9765.3%0.6%6.7%0.570.570.52Hospitality58,09453,9957.6%0.48Note:*Factorrepresentstheratioofindustry-specificaveragewagestonationalaveragewagefor2023.Annualwagesbasedon12months.Allwagesarepre-tax.Source:NationalBureauofStatistics.reducedbudgetaryallocationforpublicsectorwages,resultinginstagnantorevendecliningsalariesinthissector.Notably,thepublicmanagement&socialorganizationssectorexperiencedanaveragewagedecline,witha-0.3%growthrate(Figure2.5).ThenegativegrowthcouldbeattributedtotheChinesegovernment’s

fiscaltighteningmeasurestomanagedebt