PAGE24-北京市門頭溝區2025屆高三英語一模試題（含解析）第一部分：學問運用（共兩節，45分）第一節語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，依據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個適當的詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。BasketballheroKobeBryant'sdeathhasdrawnanoutpouringofshockandsadnessacrossChina.BasketballfansinChinaarenowsadafterlearningthattheformerLosAngelesLakers'18-timeNBAAllStarhaddiedattheageof41inahelicoptercrash___1___SundayinCalifornia.Bryantwasamongninepeopleonboard,____2____(include)his13-year-olddaughterGianna,whoalldiedinthedisaster___3___occurredintheheavyfog.【答案】1.on2.including3.that/which【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要說明白籃球英雄KobeBryant的離世在中國各地引發了震驚和哀痛。Bryant是飛機上的九名乘客之一，其中包括他13歲的女兒Gianna，他們都在這場大霧造成的災難中喪生。【1題詳解】考查介詞。句意：周日，前洛杉磯湖人隊18屆NBA全明星賽冠軍在加利福尼亞一架直升機墜毀，享年41歲。中國的籃球迷們得知這一消息后都很難過。依據短語onSunday表示“在周日”。故填on。【2題詳解】考查介詞。句意：Bryant是飛機上的九名乘客之一，其中包括他13歲的女兒Gianna，他們都在這場大霧造成的災難中喪生。此處表示“包括……在內”后跟賓語his13-year-olddaughterGianna應用介詞including。故填including。【3題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：Bryant是飛機上的九名乘客之一，其中包括他13歲的女兒Gianna，他們都在這場大霧造成的災難中喪生。本句為定語從句修飾先行詞disaster，且先行詞在從句中做主語，指“災難”故用關系代詞that或which。故填that/which。【點睛】定語從句中的關系詞選擇，可考慮以下幾點：1、看清晰先行詞的意義，就是理清先行詞是指人、指物、時間、地點、緣由。指物時不能用who或whom，指人時通常不用which等等。2、看清晰關系詞的句法功能，就是理清關系詞是擔當什么句子成分，是作主語還是賓語、是作定語還是狀語等等。作定語通常用whose，有時也用which。作狀語要用when,where,why。3、看清晰定語從句的種類，就是理清是限制性定語從句還是非限制性定語從句。that,why通常不引導非限制性定語從句。4、看清晰文體，就是理清是正式文體，還是非正式文體。是書面語體還是口語體。如第三小題，句意：Bryant是飛機上的九名乘客之一，其中包括他13歲的女兒Gianna，他們都在這場大霧造成的災難中喪生。本句為定語從句修飾先行詞disaster，且先行詞在從句中做主語，指“災難”故用關系代詞that或which。故填that/which。B閱讀下列短文，依據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個適當的詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。TheshadowpuppetplayMonkeyKingandCoronavirus(冠狀病毒),___4___(create)bytheBeijingLongzaitianShadowPuppetTheater,___5___(broadcast)onlinesinceFebruary14withnearly5millionhitsontheinternet.Intheshow,theMonkeyKinghearsaboutthenovelcoronavirusoutbreak,so____6____(him)goestoWuhan,thecapitalcityofCentralChina'sHubeiprovince___7___(fight)thedisease.【答案】4.created5.hasbeenbroadcast6.he7.tofight【解析】這是一篇說明文。主要說明白由北京龍載天皮影戲劇團創作的皮影戲《孫悟空與冠狀病毒》自2月14日【4題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：由北京龍載天皮影戲劇團創作的皮影戲《孫悟空與冠狀病毒》自2月14日起在網上播出，點擊量近500萬次。分析句子成分可知create在句中作非謂語動詞，與邏輯主語TheshadowpuppetplayMonkeyKingandCoronavirus【5題詳解】考查動詞時態語態。句意：由北京龍載天皮影戲劇團創作的皮影戲《孫悟空與冠狀病毒》自2月14日起在網上播出，點擊量近500萬次。依據后文sinceFebruary14可知應用現在完成時，且主語與謂語動詞構成被動關系，且主語為TheshadowpuppetplayMonkeyKingandCoronavirus，助動詞應用has【6題詳解】考查代詞。句意：在節目中，猴王聽說了新型冠狀病毒的爆發，于是他前往中國中部湖北省的省會武漢抗擊這種疾病。此處做句子的主語應用人稱代詞主格he。故填he。【7題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：在節目中，猴王聽說了新型冠狀病毒的爆發，于是他前往中國中部湖北省的省會武漢抗擊這種疾病。分析句子結構可知fight在句中作非謂語動詞，且此處做目的狀語故應用不定式。故填tofight。C閱讀下列短文，依據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個適當的詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。LocatedinthesouthernpartofBeijing,theTempleofHeavenisamagnificentcomplexoffineculturalbuildingssetingardensandsurroundedbyhistoricpinewoods.Ithasbeenoneofthemostsignificant___8___(place)forthewholecountryformorethanfivecenturies.It___9___(serve)asacomplexofsacrificialbuildingsfortheMingandQingemperors,andisthe___10___(large)oneinBeijingamongseveralroyalsites.【答案】8.places9.served10.largest【解析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了天壇位于北京的南部，是一個雄偉的文化建筑群，坐落在花園中，四周是歷史悠久的松樹林。五個多世紀以來，它始終是整個國家最重要的地方之一。它是明清兩代皇帝祭祀建筑的綜合體，是北京幾個皇家遺址中最大的一個。【8題詳解】考查名詞的數。句意：五個多世紀以來，它始終是整個國家最重要的地方之一。place為可數名詞，且依據上文oneof后跟復數名詞，表示“……其中之一”。故填places。【9題詳解】考查動詞時態。句意：它是明清兩代皇帝祭祀建筑的綜合體，是北京幾個皇家遺址中最大的一個。依據后文fortheMingandQingemperors可知描述過去發生的事情應用一般過去時。故填served。【10題詳解】考查最高級。句意：它是明清兩代皇帝祭祀建筑的綜合體，是北京幾個皇家遺址中最大的一個。結合句意表示“最大的”應用形容詞最高級形式。故填largest。其次節完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）I'mRobinWoods.I'malwaysthefirsttomakeagoodjokeand___11___myworkawayattheendoftheday.Butsomehow,I'm___12___thefirsttobepickedforteamsandplays.Ihavealwaysbeentheoutcast,___13___andalone.“ThisyearourplaywillbethestoryofRobinHoodandhisMerryMen,”ourteacher,MissGoody,_____14_____thewholeclass.“WhowouldliketobeRobinHood?”I_____15_____myhandupintotheair.Ofcourse,everybodywantedthebiggestandbestpart,especiallybossyBradley.“____16____forapartandI’lltestyouonMondayanddecidewhowillbebestforeachpart,”saidMissGoody,handingoutpagesofthescript.“…Andofcourse,we’llneedlotsoftreestobetheforest.”“You’llbealittlebabybush…,”Bradley___17___me.“Orateeny-tinyleaf.”I___18___himandtookacopyoftheRobinHoodwordsandbeganmypracticingonthewayhome.OnMondayIdidsomebrilliantactingandIrememberedallmy____19____.Igotthepart.BradleygotthepartofLittleJohn.Beckywasoneoftheladies-in-waiting.Jordanwastheminstrel(吟游藝人),whotoldthe____20____insongwithalittlestrumoftheguitareverynowandthen.Wehadthreeweekstolearnourparts.Beckyofferedto____21____withme.SheplayedLittleJohn'spartandgaveme____22____onfighting.Bradley,whostillreallywantedtobeRobinHood,oftencameovertowatch.Heseemedtobewaitingformetomakemistakes.Ifelt____23____,withknockingkneesandcoldfeet.ButIwasdeterminedtobethebestRobinHoodever.IhadgotthepartofaheroandaheroIshallbe.Athome,Granddadcametohelpme.Hecouldplaytheguitarandevenmadeupaminstreldance.Hewasreallygettingintotheminstrel’s____24____,whichcheeredmeupandmadelearningmypartmucheasierandfunny.Inthefinaldressrehearsalthatafternoon,Bradleywasreallygettingcarriedawayinthatfighting-to-get-across-the-river____25____.Hewasshoutinglouderandlouderandpushingharderandharderuntilhelosthis____26____andfelloffthebridge.Hehadhurthisankle!Worsestill,Jordanhadgotaflu.Probablywehadto____27____thatnight’sperformanceforitwasjustimpossibletofindtwonewactorswhocouldlearnthepartsbefore____28____and,mostimportantly,couldplaytheguitar.Girlswailedandsobbed.Boyssighedandshuffledtheirfeet.ItwasIthatputforwarda____29____：Granddadcouldplaythepartoftheminstrel;BeckydidthepartofLittleJohnandCarlycouldhaveherpartaslady-in-waiting.MissGoodysighedwithrelief.Everybodyburstintotearsofjoy.Theperformancethatnightwasagreatsuccess.Ifeltlikea____30____.11.A.tidy B.throw C.push D.drag12.A.sometimes B.frequently C.always D.never13.A.unattended B.unassisted C.unwanted D.unmoved14.A.taught B.gathered C.dismissed D.lectured15.A.seized B.trembled C.shot D.shook16.A.Lookout B.Tryout C.Standout D.Speakout17.A.blamed B.threatened C.teased D.cheated18.A.admired B.abused C.respected D.ignored19.A.stories B.texts C.passages D.lines20.A.tale B.truth C.result D.difference21.A.dance B.sing C.perform D.practice22.A.knives B.tips C.guns D.signals23.A.nervous B.disappointed C.important D.honored24.A.part B.team C.band D.house25.A.accident B.incident C.scene D.event26.A.sword B.stick C.position D.balance27.A.cancel B.give C.improve D.evaluate28.A.dawn B.dusk C.midday D.midnight29.A.theory B.solution C.budget D.principle30.A.director B.composer C.hero D.teacher【答案】11.A12.D13.C14.B15.C16.B17.C18.D19.D20.A21.D22.B23.A24.A25.C26.D27.A28.B29.B30.C【解析】這是一篇記敘文。主要記敘了在班上一向被排斥的，多余的，孤獨的作者主動參與了班級的戲劇表演，并仔細打算，結果表演當天兩個演員突發意外，眼看著演出不得不取消。結果作者靈機一動想到了解決方法，讓演出如期實行并獲得了巨大的勝利。作者感覺自己像個英雄。【11題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我總是第一個講個好笑話，在一天結束時把工作整理好。A.tidy整理；B.throw扔；C.push推動；D.drag拖拉。結合后文myworkawayattheendoftheday.可知作者是一個在一天結束時把工作整理好的人。故選A。【12題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：但不知何故，我從來都不是第一個被選中參與球隊和競賽的人。A.sometimes有時；B.frequently頻繁；C.always總是；D.never從不。結合后文Ihavealwaysbeentheoutcast可知作者從來都不是第一個被選中參與球隊和競賽的人。故選D。【13題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我始終是一個被排斥的，多余的，孤獨的人。A.unattended無人看管的；B.unassisted無助的；C.unwanted多余的，不須要的；D.unmoved不動搖的。依據上文Ihavealwaysbeentheoutcast可知作者始終是一個被排斥多余的，孤獨的人。其他選項不符合語境。故選C。【14題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“今年我們的戲劇將是RobinHoodandhisMerryMen，”我們的老師Goody小姐，聚集了全班同學。A.taught教授；B.gathered聚集；C.dismissed解散；D.lectured演講。結合上文可知Goody小姐是在宣布班級的事項，因此是聚集了全班同學。故選B。【15題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我把手舉到空中。A.seized抓住；B.trembled顫抖；C.shot射擊；D.shook搖擺。上文Goody小姐宣布了今年班級將要表演的戲劇，作者舉手想要參與。此處為固定短語shoothandupintotheair表示“把手舉到空中”。故選C。【16題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：“試演一個角色，我周一會測試你，然后確定誰最適合每個角色，”Goody小姐邊說邊分發腳本。A.Lookout當心；B.Tryout試驗；C.Standout突出；D.Speakout說出。依據后文I’lltestyouonMonday可知Goody小姐是讓想要參與戲劇表演的同學試著去扮演一個角色，周一來測試他們。故選B。【17題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“你會成為一個小灌木叢……”Bradley取笑我。“或者一片很小的葉子。”A.blamed責怪；B.threatened威逼；C.teased取笑；D.cheated欺瞞。結合后文“Orateeny-tinyleaf.”可知Bradley在取笑作者。故選C。【18題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我不理他，拿了一份羅賓漢的臺詞，在回家的路上起先練習。A.admired敬佩；B.abused虐待；C.respected敬重；D.ignored忽視。結合后文andtookacopyoftheRobinHoodwordsandbeganmypracticingonthewayhome.可知作者沒有理睬Bradley的取笑。故選D。【19題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：周一我表演得很精彩，我記住了全部臺詞。A.stories故事；B.texts文字；C.passages短文；D.lines臺詞，線。結合后文Igotthepart.可知作者表演得很精彩，記住了全部劇中的臺詞。故選D。【20題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Jordan就是那個吟游詩人，他時常地彈著吉他，用歌聲把這個故事講給大家聽。A.tale故事；B.truth真相；C.result結果；D.difference不同。結合其次段第一句ThisyearourplaywillbethestoryofRobinHoodandhisMerryMen可知這是一個故事。故選A。【21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Becky主動提出和我一起練習。A.dance跳舞；B.sing唱歌；C.perform表演；D.practice練習。結合后文Becky教作者如何打架可知Becky是和作者一起練習。故選D。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她扮演小約翰的角色，教我如何打架。A.knives刀子；B.tips建議；C.guns槍；D.signals信號。結合后文onfighting可知此處指就如何打架提出建議，短語givesb.tipsondoingsth.“就做某事給某人建議”。故選B。【23題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我感到驚慌，兩膝顫抖，雙腳發冷。A.nervous驚慌的；B.disappointed悲觀的；C.important重要的；D.honored光榮的。依據后文withknockingkneesandcoldfeet.可知作者很驚慌。故選A。【24題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他真的進入了吟游詩人的角色，這使我激昂起來，使我的學習變得更簡單和好玩。A.part角色，部分；B.team隊；C.band樂隊；D.house房子。結合上文gettingintotheminstrel’s可知是指進入吟游詩人的角色。故選A。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在那天下午的最終一次彩排中，Bradley在那場戰斗到渡河的戲中真的是忘乎所以了。A.accident事故；B.incident事務；C.scene場景；D.event事務。結合上文Inthefinaldressrehearsalthatafternoon可知是這部戲劇中的場景。故選C。【26題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他叫得越來越響，越推越猛，直到失去平衡，從橋上摔了下來。A.sword劍；B.stick棍子；C.position職位；D.balance平衡。結合后文felloffthebridge.可知失去了平衡。故選D。【27題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：或許我們不得不取消當晚的演出，因為我們不行能找到兩個新的演員，他們能在黃昏前學習角色，而且最重要的是，還能彈吉他。A.cancel取消；B.give賜予；C.improve改善；D.evaluate評價。結合后文itwasjustimpossibletofindtwonewactors可知因為不行能找到兩個新的演員，只能取消當晚的演出。故選A。【28題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：或許我們不得不取消當晚的演出，因為我們不行能找到兩個新的演員，他們能在黃昏前學習角色，而且最重要的是，還能彈吉他。A.dawn黎明；B.dusk黃昏；C.midday中午；D.midnight午夜。依據上文night’sperformance可知演出是在晚上，因此要再黃昏前這兩個新演員就要學會角色。故選B。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：是我提出了一個解決方法：爺爺可以扮演吟游詩人角色；Becky扮演小約翰，而Carly可以讓她扮演侍女。A.theory理論；B.solution解決方案；C.budget預算；D.principle原則。結合后文Granddadcouldplaythepartoftheminstrel;BeckydidthepartofLittleJohnandCarlycouldhaveherpartaslady-in-waiting.可知作者想出了一個解決方案。故選B。【30題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我覺得自己像個英雄。A.director導演；B.composer作曲家；C.hero英雄；D.teacher老師。作者的方案使班級的戲劇如期表演，演出獲得了巨大的勝利。因此作者感覺自己像個英雄。故選C。31.其次部分：閱讀理解（共兩節，40分）AItiseverykid’sworstnightmareandsix-year-oldJadenHayeshaslivedit-twice.Firstly,helosthisdadwhenhewasfourandthenlastmonthhismomdiedunexpectedlyinhersleep.“ItriedandItriedandItriedtogetherawake-Icouldn't,”saidJaden.Jadenwasunderstandablyheartbroken.Buttherewasanothersidetohisgrief.Asidehefirstmadepublicafewweeksagowhenhetoldhisaunt,andnowguardian,BarbaraDiCola,thathewassickandtiredofseeingeveryonesadallthetime.Andhehadaplantofixit.“Andthatwasthebeginningofit,”saidBarbara.“That’swheretheadventurebegan.”JadenaskedhisauntBarbaratobuyabunchoflittletoysandbringhimtodowntownSavannah,Georgianearwherehelives,sohecouldgivethemaway.“I’mtryingtomakepeoplesmile,”saidJaden.Jadentargetedpeoplewhoweren’talreadysmilingandthenturnedtheirdayaround.He’dgooutonfourdifferentoccasionsnowandhewasalwayssuccessful.Evenifsometimeshedidn’tgetexactlythereactionhewashopingfor.Itwasjustsooverwhelmingtosomepeoplethatasix-year-oldorphanwouldgiveawayatoy-expectingnothinginreturn-exceptasmile.“I’mcountingonittobe33,000,”saidJaden.Whenaskedifhethoughthecouldmakethatgoal,heanswered,“IthinkIcan.”31.WhydidJadengivethetoystootherpeople?A.Becausehewantedtofixthetoys.B.Becausehewantedtoseemorepeople.C.Becausehewantedtogivethetoysaway.D.Becausehewantedtomakepeoplehappy.32.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Jadenlivedwithhisaunt.B.Jadentargetedpeoplewhowerenothappy.C.Jadengotnothinghewantedallthetime.D.Jadenwassickandtiredofseeingeveryone.33.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeJaden?A.Helpfulandimpatient. B.Creativeandtricky.C.Optimisticandcourageous. D.Ambitiousandgreedy.【答案】31.D32.B33.C【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。美國一個名為Jaden的小男孩在摯愛雙親去世后照舊表現得堅毅，他想通過“微笑工程”為別人帶來歡樂，讓別人微笑。【31題詳解】細微環節理解題。依據倒數第四段“I’mtryingtomakepeoplesmile,”saidJaden.可知Jaden說:“我想讓人們微笑。”由此可知，Jaden把玩具給別人因為他想讓人們歡樂。故選D。【32題詳解】細微環節理解題。依據倒數第三段Jadentargetedpeoplewhoweren’talreadysmilingandthenturnedtheirdayaround.可知Jaden的目標是那些沒有笑容的人，然后變更他們的一天。由此可知，Jaden瞄準的是那些不歡樂的人。故選B。【33題詳解】推理推斷題。依據文章內容Jaden的小男孩在摯愛雙親去世后照舊表現得堅毅，想要通過送別人玩具來給人們帶去歡樂。由此可推知，Jaden是一個樂觀和英勇的孩子。故選C。BTesla’slifestyleproductstendtocashinonthebrandappealoftheelectriccarmakeranditsverypubliclyengagedchiefmanagerElonMusk,andthenewTeslaWirelessChargerisnoexception.Itisnotforthecar,butforthecellphone.Thedevice,whichissoldonTesla’swebsitealongsidehatsandthecompany’sexistingdesktopandportablechargers,isasmall,Apple-likedevicethatcosts$65.IthasanintegratedUSB-Ccableforwhenyouwanttoplugitdirectlyintoyourdevice,andaUSB-Aportfornon-USB-Cdevices.Youcangetitinblackorwhite,butitonlycomeswith6,000mAhofjuiceand5Wofoutputcharging(Thewiredchargingmethodgetsyou7.5W).Forabouthalftheprice,youcangetAnker’s10,000mAhPowerCorecharger,whichhas12Wofoutputchargingbutnowirelesschargingcapabilities.For$50,youcangetanRAVPower10,400mAhwirelesschargerwith10Wofoutput.Ofcourse,nobodyisreallybuyingthisforthefunctions.They’rebuyingitbecauseithasaTeslalogoonitanditlooksreallynice,whichistotallyfairfor$65andtheeaseofusewirelesschargingallows.It’snotabadpurchaseforabigTeslafan.34.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AWiredChargingMethod B.ANewWirelessChargerC.ANewTeslaCar D.ANewAppleDevice35.Ifyouspend$32.5,youcanget______.A.adesktopB.aTeslawirelesschargerC.anRAVPowerwirelesschargerD.anAnker’s10,000mAhPowerCorecharger36.Anewwirelesschargerhas______.A.12Wofoutputcharging B.10WofoutputchargingC.5Wofoutputcharging D.7.5Wofoutputcharging37.Whereisthepassagemostprobablyfrom?A.Aliteraryessay. B.Asciencereport.C.Ahistoricalnovel. D.Asalewebsite.【答案】34.B35.D36.C37.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一款無線充電器的狀況，包括其功率和價格等狀況。【34題詳解】主旨大意題。依據文章主要介紹了一款無線充電器的狀況，包括其功率和價格等狀況。故B選項“一個新的無線充電器”符合文章標題。故選B。【35題詳解】細微環節理解題。依據其次段中可知Thedevice,whichissoldonTesla’swebsitealongsidehatsandthecompany’sexistingdesktopandportablechargers,isasmall,Apple-likedevicethatcosts$65.可知這款設備在特斯拉的網站上與轉換終端、公司現有的臺式電腦和便攜式充電器一起出售。它是一款類似蘋果的小型設備，售價65美元。以及第三段中Forabouthalftheprice,youcangetAnker’s10,000mAhPowerCorecharger…可知以大約一半的價格，你可以買到Anker的10,000毫安時功率PowerCore充電器……由此可知，假如你花32.5美元，你就可以得到Anker的1萬毫安PowerCore充電器。故選D。【36題詳解】細微環節理解題。依據其次段中Youcangetitinblackorwhite,butitonlycomeswith6,000mAhofjuiceand5Wofoutputcharging(Thewiredchargingmethodgetsyou7.5W).可知你可以買到黑色或白色的，但它只有6000毫安時的電量和5W的輸出電量(有線充電方式是7.5W)。由此可知，一個新的無線充電器有5W的輸出充電。故選C。【37題詳解】推理推斷題。依據其次段中可知Thedevice,whichissoldonTesla’swebsitealongsidehatsandthecompany’sexistingdesktopandportablechargers,isasmall,Apple-likedevicethatcosts$65.可知這款設備在特斯拉的網站上與轉換終端、公司現有的臺式電腦和便攜式充電器一起出售。它是一款類似蘋果的小型設備，售價65美元。由此可推知，文章最有可能來自銷售網站。故選D。【點睛】文章出處類推理推斷題。做這類題重要的是要抓住文章的內容或結構特征，這是推理推斷的前提和基礎。如報紙，前面會出現日期、地點、通訊社名稱等；廣告，其格式特殊，簡單分辨；產品說明、器皿設備的運用說明有產品名稱或操作方法，而藥品的服用說明會告知服用時間、次數和藥量等。如第四小題，依據其次段中可知Thedevice,whichissoldonTesla’swebsitealongsidehatsandthecompany’sexistingdesktopandportablechargers,isasmall,Apple-likedevicethatcosts$65.可知這款設備在特斯拉的網站上與轉換終端、公司現有的臺式電腦和便攜式充電器一起出售。它是一款類似蘋果的小型設備，售價65美元。由此可推知，文章最有可能來自銷售網站。故選D。CNewstudyshowsrapiddeclineininsectpopulations.AgrowingnumberoftheEarth'sinsectpopulationnowcanbeseenonlyincollectionsonexhibitions.Nobody'sseenthosefor400years.Anewreviewofover70studiesofinsectpopulationssuggeststhathumanpressuresarecausinginsectpopulationstoplummetbyasmuchasaquartereverydecade.Thelossofspeciesisinevitablyconcerningbecauseoftenwedon’tknowwhatthosespeciesaredoingorwedon’tknowwhatotherspeciesaredependingonthem.Insectsmakeupthelargestclassofanimalsonearthandrepresentmorethanhalfofallknownlivingcreatures.Theyareincrediblydiverse,andinmanywaysmakelifeonEarthpossible.Butwhenwedecreasethenumberofspecies,we'redestroyingecosystemfunction.Whydoesthatmatter?Itisbecausethatit'secosystemsthatsupporthumans.Butthoselife-supportsystemsthatkeepusalive,evenifweliveinacity,areproducedbyhealthyecosystems.Andnoneoftheseecosystemswillrunwellwithoutinsects.Beesandbutterfliespollinate(授粉)ourfood,flowersandtrees.Theyfeedallkindsoflargeranimals,includinghumans.Alargenumberofcropsweeatandrelyonarepollinatedbyinsects,sowecan’timagineaworldwherethatpollinationprocessisnottakingplace.Andtherearesomecasesalreadyaroundtheworldwherewearehavingtopollinatebyhand,athugecost,ahugeeconomiccost,simplybecausetheinsectsaren’ttheretodotheworkthatwewouldnormallyaskthemtodoforfree.Andinsomecases,ifyou’retalkingaboutfoodcrops,justtrytoimaginethescaleofwhattheworldwouldlooklikeifinsectsweren'tdoingthatforus.Onebigwarning,allofthestudiescomefromindustrializedcountriesinEuropeandNorthAmerica.Insomeareas,thedeclineisevenmorerapid.Accordingtoonerecentstudy,thenumberofgroundinsectsinPuertoRicohasfallenby98%overthelast35years.Agrowingbodyofresearchshowsthatinsectsaredecliningabouttwiceasfastasvertebrates.Theresearcherspredictthatallinsectspeciescouldbegoneinacenturyintheseindustrializedcountries38.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plummet”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Reduce. B.Increase.C.Disappear. D.Raise.39.WecanlearnfromParagraph2and3that______.A.wecanmakeabigprofitbypollinatingbyhandB.insectshavenoimpactonindustrialdevelopmentC.pollinatingbyhandcanreplacepollinatingbyinsectsD.insectsaccountforthelargestcompositionintheentireanimalkingdom40.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthephenomenonmentionedinthenews?A.Unclear. B.Concerned.C.Suspicious. D.Critical.41.Theauthorhelpsreadersbetterunderstandhisideamainlyby______.A.usingresearchresults B.makingcomparisonsC.givingsomeexamples D.tellingpersonalstories【答案】38.A39.D40.B41.C【解析】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要說明白一項對70多項昆蟲種群探討的最新回顧表明，人類的壓力正導致昆蟲種群每十年銳減四分之一。昆蟲是地球上最大的一類動物，占全部已知生物的一半以上。文章指出假如失去昆蟲，我們將不得不人工授粉，代價是巨大的經濟成本。【38題詳解】詞義揣測題。依據后文Thelossofspeciesisinevitablyconcerningbecauseoftenwedon’tknowwhatthosespeciesaredoingorwedon’tknowwhatotherspeciesaredependingonthem.可知物種的消逝是不行避開的，因為我們常常不知道那些物種在做什么，或者我們不知道其他物種依靠于它們。由此可知，一項對70多項昆蟲種群探討的最新回顧表明，人類的壓力正導致昆蟲種群每十年銳減四分之一。即劃線單詞意思為“削減”。故選A。【39題詳解】細微環節理解題。依據其次段第一句Insectsmakeupthelargestclassofanimalsonearthandrepresentmorethanhalfofallknownlivingcreatures.可知昆蟲是地球上最大的一類動物，占全部已知生物的一半以上。由此可知，昆蟲是整個動物界中最大的組成部分。故選D。【40題詳解】推理推斷題。依據文章第一句Newstudyshowsrapiddeclineininsectpopulations.可知新的探討表明昆蟲的數量在快速削減。結合文章說明白一項對70多項昆蟲種群探討的最新回顧表明，人類的壓力正導致昆蟲種群每十年銳減四分之一。昆蟲是地球上最大的一類動物，占全部已知生物的一半以上。文章指出假如失去昆蟲，我們將不得不人工授粉，代價是巨大的經濟成本。由此可推知，作者對新聞中提到的昆蟲削減的現象的看法是關切的。故選B。【41題詳解】推理推斷題。依據倒數其次段中Accordingtoonerecentstudy,thenumberofgroundinsectsinPuertoRicohasfallenby98%overthelast35years.Agrowingbodyofresearchshowsthatinsectsaredecliningabouttwiceasfastasvertebrates.可知依據最近的一項探討，波多黎各的地面昆蟲數量在過去35年里下降了98%。越來越多的探討表明，昆蟲數量下降的速度是脊椎動物的兩倍。由此可推知，作者主要通過舉例來幫助讀者更好地理解他的觀點。故選C。DWhenIre-enteredthefull-timeworkafteradecadeofrunningmyownbusiness,therewasatopthingIwaslookingforwardto:tomakefriendswiththecolleaguesonceagain.Asamatteroffact,itwasn'tuntilIenteredthecompanythatIrealizedmakingfriendswithcolleagueswasn’tthefirstatall.Itisdevelopinginterpersonalrelationshipsatworkthatisvital,whichcannotonlyhelpovercomearangeofproblemsatworkbutalsopromoteproductivityandthequalityofworkoutput.PerhapsmyexpectationsoflunchesandchattingwithfriendswerethememoryofthelasttimeIwasinthatkindofofficeenvironment.However,asIneartheendofmyfourthdecade,Irealizeworkcanbefullyfunctionalandentirelysatisfyingwithoutneedingtobethebestworkmateswiththepeoplesittingnexttoyou.InanacademicanalysisjustpublishedintheveryinfluentialJournalofManagement,researchershavedevelopedtheideaof"indifferentrelationships",whichisasimpletermthatsummarizesthefactthatrelationshipsatworkcanbelessclose,unimportantandevenreplaceable.Indifferentrelationshipsareneitherpositivenornegative.Thelimitedresearchconductedsofarshowsthey'reespeciallyobviousamongthosewhovalueindependenceovercooperation,andharmonyoverdisharmony.Indifferenceisalsothepreferredchoiceamongthosewhoaresociallylazyandregardmaintainingrelationshipsoverthelongtermtakeseffort.Asmentionedaboveindifferentrelationshipsmaynotalwaysbethemosthelpfulwayinsolvingproblemsatwork.Evenso,thereareprovenbenefitsonindifferentrelationship.Oneofthemisefficiency.Lesstimechattingandsocializingmeansmoretimeworkingandproducing.Anotherisself-respect.Ashumanbeings,wetendtocompareourselvestoeachother.Apparently,welookdownonacquaintancesmorethanfriends.Intheprocesstheirstrengthscanraisethesenseofself-worth.Thethirdadvantageisthattheemotionalneutralityofindifferentrelationshipshasbeenfoundtoimprovecriticalthinking,enhancepeople’sattentiontotasksolving,andmakeiteasiertogainvaluableinformation.Noneofthosebenefitsmightbeasfunasafter-worksocializingbut,hey,I'lltakeitanyway.42.Whatdidtheauthorrealizewhenhere-enteredthecompany?A.Buildinginterpersonalrelationshipswasimportant.B.Makingnewfriendswithworkmateswasnotsoeasyashehadexpected.C.Developingpositiveinterpersonalrelationshipshelpedhimfindhisplace.D.Workingincompaniesrequiresmoreinterpersonalskillsthanself-employment.43.Whichonebelongstoindifferentrelationshipsatworkaccordingtothepassage？A.Beinginconflictwithworkmatesintheoffice.B.Spendinglesstimechattingandsocializingintheoffice.C.Havingdeepandmeaningfulconversationswithcolleagues.D.Beingthebestmateswiththepeoplesittingnexttoyouintheoffice.44.Whatcanbeoneofthebenefitsoftheindifferentrelationships?A.Theyprovidefunatwork.B.Theyimproveworkefficiency.C.Theyhelpcontrolemotionsatwork.D.Theyhelpsolveproblemsduringworktime.45.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsindifferentrelationships?A.Cautious. B.Doubtful.C.Approving. D.Indifferent.【答案】42.A43.B44.B45.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明白在工作中發展人際關系是至關重要的，這不僅有助于克服工作中的一系列問題，而且還能提高工作效率和工作質量。而在一篇剛剛發表的學術分析文章中，探討人員提出了工作中“冷漠關系”的概念。冷漠的關系既不是主動的也不是消極的。文章還具體說明白冷漠關系的三個優點。【42題詳解】細微環節理解題。依據第一段中Itisdevelopinginterpersonalrelationshipsatworkthatisvital,whichcannotonlyhelpovercomearangeofproblemsatworkbutalsopromoteproductivityandthequalityofworkoutput.可知在工作中發展人際關系是至關重要的，這不僅有助于克服工作中的一系列問題，而且還能提高工作效率和工作質量。由此可知，當作者再次進入公司時，他意識到了建立人際關系很重要。故選A。【43題詳解】推理推斷題。依據倒數其次段中Lesstimechattingandsocializingmeansmoretimeworkingandproducing.可知少些時間閑聊和社交意味著多些時間工作和生產。結合選項可推知，B選項“在辦公室少花時間閑聊和社交”屬于工作中的冷漠關系。故選B。【44題詳解】細微環節理解題。依據倒數其次段中Evenso,thereareprovenbenefitsonindifferentrelationship.Oneofthemisefficiency.可知即便如此，“冷漠”關系還是有其好處的。其中之一是效率。由此可知，冷漠關系的好處之一是提高工作效率。故選B。【45題詳解】推理推斷題。依據倒數其次段中Evenso,thereareprovenbenefitsonindifferentrelationship.可知即便如此，“冷漠”關系還是有其好處的。以及后文分別說明白冷漠關系的三個好處，由此可推知，作者對于冷漠關系是支持看法。故選C。【點睛】看法、觀點及感受類推理推斷題。高考閱讀理解題中有些題目考查考生對文章作者的思想、人物性格傾向等方面的理解。對于推斷情感看法類題目，考生須要分析段落大意、作者的思路，理解了文章的段落大意、中心思想后，才能推斷出作者的情感看法。學會辨別清晰文章的體裁。如第四小題，依據倒數其次段中Evenso,thereareprovenbenefitsonindifferentrelationship.可知即便如此，“冷漠”關系還是有其好處的。以及后文分別說明白冷漠關系的三個好處，由此可推知，作者對于冷漠關系是支持看法。故選C。其次節（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）依據短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。HowtoAutomateNewHabitsSoThatYou’llKeeptoThemAnyonewho’striedtoaddsomethingnewtotheirroutineknowsonething:Buildingnewhabitsisn’teasy.___46___Thegoodnews:There’sasolution,andit’scalledautomation.___47___Forexample:Ifyouwanttosavemorebutitseemsdifficulttoachieve,trytransferringfivedollarstoyoursavingsaccounteachtimeyoubuylunchduringtheweek.Ifyouwanttodomoresportsbutaren’tmotivatedtogotothegymeveryday,trydoing5pushupsaftereachtimeyouusetherestroom.Thatsoundseasy.____48____“Automationworkswellindevelopingnewbehaviorpatternsbecauseitinvolvestheuseofpositivereinforcement(強化),whichisoneofthemostpowerfultoolsforbehaviorchange,”KahinaLouis,apsychologist,tellsShine.“Asyou’reengagingingradualstepstowardyourgoals,youmayquicklystarttoexperiencefeelingsofaccomplishmentandpridethatyou’remakingthechangesyouwantedtomake,”shesays.“Thosepositivefeelingsareformsofreinforcement,andyouaremorelikelytocontinuedoingthingsthatreinforceyou.”Alongwithitspositivereinforcement,automationemphasizestheimpactofsmallchangesinmakingabigdifference.Thoughwealllovethemajorsuccesses,thesmallchangesalongthewayarewhatgetusthereinthefirststep.____49____“Asyoushowyourselfeachsmallchangeyou’vemade,you’regivingyourselfthemessagethatyouarecapableofaccomplishment,”Louissays.“Thatfeelingandself-beliefareextremelyhelpfultohaveasyoucontinuetowardcreatingnewbehaviorchange.”___50___Takealookatwhatthingsyoukeepdoingthroughoutthedayorcourseoftheweektodecidewhentoaddnewautomation.Louissays,“Forexample:Ifyouknowthatyou’realwaysextremelytiredafterwork,thenyoumightconsiderpickinganautohabitthatoccursinyourmorningroutinerat