文體分類練(七)新聞報道(限時:25分鐘)Passage1(2023湖南岳陽二模)Deveza’smotherwasonthewaitinglistforakidneytransplant(腎移植).Devezawantedtodonateoneofherownkidneys—butshewasturneddownbecauseshemightdevelopthesamehealthproblemsashermotherinlaterlife.Devezacameupwithadifferentplan.In2017,shestartedtheworld’sfirstpairedexchangeofdifferentorgansbetweenlivingdonors,exchanginghalfherliver(肝)forsomeoneelse’skidney.Acasestudyoftheorganexchangehasnowbeenpublished,andthesurgeonswhowereinvolvedarecallingformoreexchangeslikethis.“Youcanimaginetheenormousimpactformixedorganextendedchains,”saysJohnRoberts,asurgeonatUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.Mostorgantransplantscomefrompeoplewhohavedied,butthereareneverenoughorgans.Asmostpeoplecanmanagewithjustoneoftheirkidneys,peoplewithkidneyfailureareincreasinglyreceivingdonatedorgansfromrelativesorfriends.Ifsomeonewantstodonatebuttheirimmunesystemisunsuited,doctorsmaybeabletofindpairsofwould-bedonorswhocaneachgiveakidneytotheother’srelative.WhenDevezawaslookingintosuchchains,shecameacrossresearchdescribingtheideaoftradingakidneywiththeonlyotherorgangenerallytakenfromalivingdonor—theliver.ShesuggestedtheideatomanyhospitalsbeforeshefinallycontactedRoberts,whosawtheidea’spotential.Devezawasassessedtobeingoodenoughhealthtodonatepartofherliver.Itthentook18monthstofindAnnieSimmons,inIdaho,whoseliverwasunsuitabletouseasatransplantforhersisterwithsevereliverdisease.Theydrewupaplan:SimmonswoulddonateakidneytoDeveza’smother,andinreturn,DevezawouldgivehalfherlivertoSimmons’sister.Thehospitalgavethego-aheadandthefouroperationstookplaceonthesamedaysuccessfully.Theteamhopesthattheground-breakingcasewillinspiremorepeopletoconsiderdoingthesame.Robertssaysthatdirectexchangesinvolvingtwodonorscouldenableuptothirtyextraliving-donorlivertransplantsayear—atenpercentincrease.1.WhatdidDevezadotosavehermother?A.Carryingoutacasestudy.B.Callingforkidneydonations.C.Launchingamedicalexperiment.D.Tradinghalfherliverforakidney.2.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Patients’desperationtosurvive.B.Severalsourcesoforgandonation.C.Currentsituationoforgantransplants.D.Doctors’effortstoimproveorgantransplants.3.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheorganexchangebetweenDevezaandSimmons?A.Itdiscouragedorgandonation.B.Itbroughttwofamiliestogether.C.Itmetwithwidespreadapproval.D.Itproducedadesirableoutcome.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.MyLiver,YourKidneyB.Mother’sLove,OurHappinessC.OrganTransplant:BlessingforPatientsD.OrganExchange:MajorMedicalAdvancesPassage2(2023山東青島一模)Asix-year-oldlongingtokeepaunicorninherbackyardfiguredshe’dgetthehardpartoutofthewayfirst.LastNovember,MadelinewrotealettertotheLosAngelesCountyDepartmentofAnimalCareandControlwithastraightforwardrequest.“DearLACounty,IwouldlikeyourapprovalifIcanhaveaunicorninmybackyardifIcanfindone.Pleasesendmealetterinresponse.”DirectorMayedarepliedtwoweekslater.Thedepartmentdoesinfactlicenseunicorns,shesaid,undercertainconditions.Thoseincludepolishingtheunicorn’shornatleastonceamonthwithasoftcloth,feedingitwatermelonatleastonceaweek,coveringitwithonlynontoxicandbiodegradablesparklesandgivingitregularaccesstosunlight,moonbeamsandrainbows.And,becauseunicornsareindeedveryraretofind,thedepartmentisalsogivingMadelineatoyunicorntokeephercompanyduringhersearch,asatokenofappreciation.“Itisalwaysrewardingtohearfromyoungpeoplewhothoughtfullyconsidertherequirementsofprovidingalovinghomeforanimals,”Mayedawroteintheletter.“IlikeyoursenseofresponsiblepetownershiptoseekpermissioninadvancetokeepaunicorninLosAngelesCounty.”MayedatoldTheWashingtonPostthatthisisthefirsttimethedepartmenthasreceivedarequestforalicenseforaunicornoranymythicalcreature.Theywereimpressedwiththefirst-graderforwantingtoaskpermissioninthefirstplace,anddoingherresearchtoworkouthowtogoaboutthat.Sheandhercolleaguesdealwithalotof“l(fā)ife-and-death”issuesonthejob,whetherthat’sseeingcasesofanimalabuseoranimalshurtingpeopleormakingdecisionsabouthavingtoputdowndangerousorsickanimals.SoMadeline’sletterhasconsiderablybrightenedtheirspirits,andsheisduetovisitthedepartmentthisweektodiscussherunicornlicenseapplication.Safetosay,she’sinforamagicalsurprise.5.WhydidMadelinewritetheletter?A.Toapplytovisitaunicorn.B.Tolearntoprovideanimalcare.C.Toaskpermissiontokeepapet.D.Tofigureouthowtofindaunicorn.6.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph3?A.Herapplicationwasdisapproved.B.Requirementsshouldbemetforthelicense.C.Shewaspresentedwithaliveunicorn.D.Guidancewasgivenforhersearch.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMayeda?A.Imaginative. B.Sensitive.C.Flexible. D.Convincing.8.Whydoesthedepartmentthinktheletter“hasbrightenedtheirspirits”?A.Becauseitisthefirstapplicationletterforapet.B.Becauseanimalprotectionisalife-and-deathissue.C.Becausetheyarewornoutwiththeirdailywork.D.Becausetheyaretouchedwiththegirl’sdeeds.Passage3(2023廣東茂名二模)Holdingthelargeandheavy“brick”cellphonehe’screditedwithinventing50yearsago,MartinCoopertalksaboutthefuture.LittledidheknowwhenhemadethefirstcallonaNewYorkCitystreetfromaheavyMotorolaprototype(原型)thatourworldwouldcometobeencapsulatedonasleekglasssheathwherewesearch,connect,likeandbuy.

Coopersaysheisanoptimist.Hebelievesthatadvancesinmobiletechnologywillcontinuetotransformlivesbutheisworriedaboutriskssmartphonesposetoprivacyandyoungpeople.“Mymostnegativeopinionisthatwedon’thaveanyprivacyanymorebecauseeverythingaboutusisnowrecordedsomeplaceandaccessibletosomebodywhohasenoughintensedesiretogetit,”the94-year-oldsaidinaninterviewinBarcelonaatMWC,theMobileWorldCongress,theworld’sbiggestwirelesstradeshow,wherehewasgettingalifetimeaward.Cooperseesadarksidetotheadvances,includingtherisktochildren.Oneidea,hesaid,istohave“variousInternetsintendedfordifferentaudiences”.CoopermadethefirstpubliccallfromahandheldportabletelephoneonaManhattanstreetonApril3,1973,usingaprototypedevicehisteamatMotorolahadstarteddesigningjustfivemonthsearlier.CooperusedtheDynaTACphonetofamouslycallhisopponentatBellLabs,ownedbyAT&T.Itwasliterallytheworld’sfirstbrickphone,weighing2.5poundsandmeasuring11inches.Cooperspentthebestpartofthenextdecadeworkingtobringacommercialversionofthedevicetomarket.Thecallhelpedkick-startthecellphonerevolution.Coopersaidhe’s“notcrazy”abouttheshapeofmodernsmartphones.Hethinkstheywilldevelopsothatthey’llbe“distributedonyourbody”,possiblyassensors“measuringyourhealthatalltimes”.Batteries,hesaid,mightbereplacedbyhumanenergy.Thebodymakesenergyfromfood,heargues,soitcouldpossiblyalsopoweraphone.Insteadofholdingthephoneinthehand,forexample,thedevicecouldbeplacedundertheskin.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“asleekglasssheath”inparagraph2referto?A.Asmartphone. B.AMotorolaprototype.C.A“brick”cellphone. D.Anoriginalcellphone.10.WhatisCooper’sattitudeaboutthefutureofthemobilephone?A.Mostnegative.B.Verysubjective.C.Doubtfulanddisapproving.D.Optimisticbutalsoconcerned.11.Whatcanbeinferredaboutchildrenfromparagraph5?A.TheyshouldbeprovidedwithadifferentInternetfromadults.B.TheyshouldhaveeasyaccesstovariousInternets.C.Theyshouldbeintroducedtodifferentaudiences.D.TheyshouldusevariousInternetsforlearningmaterials.12.AccordingtoCooper,howmightsmartphonesbepoweredinthefuture?A.Bybodysensors. B.Byhumanbody.C.Bysolarenergy. D.Byadvancedbatteries.答案：文體分類練(七)新聞報道Passage1[語篇解讀]本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述了Deveza用自己的一半肝臟交換別人的腎臟給自己的媽媽,并取得了成功。這一成功的案例具有積極的影響。1.D細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第二段內容“Devezacameupwithadifferentplan.In2017,shestartedtheworld’sfirstpairedexchangeofdifferentorgansbetweenlivingdonors,exchanginghalfherliverforsomeoneelse’skidney.”可知,Deveza為了幫助媽媽移植合適的腎臟,用自己的一半肝臟作為交換。2.C主旨大意題。結合第三段的“...thereareneverenoughorgans”“peoplewithkidneyfailureareincreasinglyreceivingdonatedorgansfromrelativesorfriends”和“doctorsmaybeabletofindpairsofwould-bedonorswhocaneachgiveakidneytotheother’srelative”可知,該段主要講述了器官移植的現(xiàn)狀。3.D推理判斷題。根據文章尾段內容可知,她們兩個的“器官互換”的成功可以對其他人產生激勵作用,從而使直接交換器官的案例增加。由此可推知,這產生了令人滿意的結果。4.A主旨大意題。通過閱讀文章可知,文章第二段中的“In2017,shestartedtheworld’sfirstpairedexchangeofdifferentorgansbetweenlivingdonors,exchanginghalfherliverforsomeoneelse’skidney.”為核心話題——文章主要講述了Deveza用自己的一半肝臟交換別人的腎臟給自己的媽媽,并取得了成功,下文則以此為延伸講述了其可能產生的積極影響。因此,選項A“MyLiver,YourKidney”不僅貼合主旨,且作為標題更具有吸引力。Passage2[語篇解讀]本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述了六歲的孩子Madeline寫信給洛杉磯縣動物保護與控制部門,希望獲得許可養(yǎng)一只獨角獸。5.C細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段可知,Madeline寫這封信是為了請求允許養(yǎng)寵物。6.B細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中所列舉的飼養(yǎng)獨角獸的條件可知,要獲得許可應滿足一些要求。7.B推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段中Mayeda的回信內容可推知,Mayeda很體貼。8.D推理判斷題。根據最后一段內容可知,Mayeda與同事平時要處理許多“生死問題”,他們認為這封信“振