-本頁僅作為預覽文檔封面，使用時請刪除本頁--本頁僅作為預覽文檔封面，使用時請刪除本頁-土力學英語詞匯(總10頁)PAGE第一章soil土rock巖土sand沙土silt 粉土clay 粘土weathering 風化disintegration 分解;崩解decomposition 分解作用mineral 礦物crack 裂縫fracture 斷裂;破裂debris 巖屑thermalstress 熱應力rockmass 巖體sandstone 砂巖gravel 礫石parentrock 母巖naturalsoil 天然土;底土residualsoil 殘積土transportedsoil 運積土moraine 冰澤igneousrock 火成巖granite 花崗巖basalt 玄武巖sedimentaryrock 沉積巖limestone 石灰巖shale 頁巖alluvialsoil 沖積土wind-bornesoil 風積土loess 黃土dune 沙丘windblownsilt 風積塵土siltyclay 粉質粘土glacialsoil 冰川沉積土pleistoceneepoch 更新世glacialdeposit冰川沉積erosion 侵蝕boulder 漂石fragment 碎屑foundationengineering 基礎工程bedrock 基巖glacialtill冰土unstratified 非層狀的unconsolidated 不固結的heterogeneous 非均質的marshsoil 沼澤土muck淤泥,腐植土inorganicsoil無機土soilparticle 土粒void 孔隙solidphase 固相liquidphase 液相vaporphase 氣相saturatedsoil 飽和土drysoil 干土originalmineral 原生礦物quartz 石英feldspar 長石isinglass 云母hornblende 角閃石pyroxene 輝石coarseness 粗度roundness 圓度secondarymineral 次生礦物kaolinite 高嶺石illite 依利石montmorillonite 蒙脫石watercontent 含水量crystalstructure晶體結構crystalcell 晶胞alluminosilicate 鋁硅酸鹽isomorphousreplacement 同晶置換graingroup 粒組scree 卵石colloidalparticle 膠粒sieveanalysis 篩分析gradingcurve 粒晶分布曲線crystallattice 晶格hygroscopicwater 吸著水capillarywater 毛細管水gravitationalwater 重力水fabric 組構singlegrainfabric 單粒組構flocculentfabric 絮凝組構disperdedfabric 分散組構bulkdensity 濕密度unitweight 容重specificgravity 比重watercontent含水量voidratio 孔隙比porosity 孔隙率drydensity 干密度degreeofsaturation飽和度saturatedunitweight 飽和容重dryunitweight 干容重buoyantdensity 浮密度buoyantunitweight 浮容重relativedensity相對密度consistency 稠度liquidlimit 液限plasticlimit 塑限shrinkagelimit 縮限kneadingmethod 搓滾法liquid-plasticlimitcombineddevice 液塑限聯合測定儀plasticityindex 塑性指數liquidityindex 液性指數compaction 壓實，夯實classification 分類coarsegrainedsoil 粗粒土finegrainedsoil 細粒土liquefaction 液化第二章seepage滲透totalhead 總水頭elevationhead 位置水頭pressurehead 壓力水頭headloss 水頭損失darcy’slaw 達西定律porewaterpressure 孔隙水壓力coefficientofpermeability 滲透系數hydraulicgradient 水力坡降(水力梯度)flowpathlength 滲徑長度constant-headtest 常水頭試驗falling-headtest 變水頭試驗pumpingtest 壓水試驗groundwater 地下水soillayers 土層Laplace’sEquation 拉普拉斯方程homogeneous 均質的isotropic各向同性的anisotropic 各向異性的incompressible 不可壓縮的finitedifferencemethod 有限差分法finiteelementmethod 有限單元法boundaryelementmethod 邊界單元法flownet 流網equipotentiallines 等勢線flowlines 流線theprincipleofeffectivestress 有效應力原理totalstress 總應力effectivestress 有效應力piezometer 孔隙水壓力計standpipe 測壓管seepageforce滲流力liquefaction 液化boiling 砂沸heaving 隆起piping 管涌CriticalHydraulicGradient臨界水力梯度第三章additionalstress（stressincrease） 附加應力at-rest 靜止bulkunitweight 天然（濕）容重buoyantunitweight 浮容重centricload 中心荷載coefficientoflateralearthpressureatrest 靜止土壓力系數compatible 相容，協調concentratedload 點荷載，集中荷載contactpressure 基底壓力dam 壩deposit沉（堆）積，沉（堆）積物eccentricload 偏心荷載effectiveoverburdenpressure 自重應力（有效）elastichalf-space 彈性半空間體embankment 堤壩，堤防，路堤embedmentdepth 埋置深度flexiblefoundation 柔性基礎foundation 基礎geostaticstress 自重應力geotechnicalengineering 巖土工程GL=groundlevel 地面GWL=groundwaterlevel 地下水位Ground 地基Heterogeneous 非均質Homogeneous 均質Hydraulicfill 水力吹填Heave 隆起In-situ 原位，現場Isotropic 各向同性Landfill 填埋場Lineload 線荷載Loadintensity 荷載強（集）度Majoraxis 主軸Man-madeground 人工地基Medium 介質Moment 力矩Momentofinertia 慣性矩Naturalground 天然地基Netcontactpressure 基底凈壓力（基底附加壓力）Offsetting 偏心矩Overturning 傾覆Pointload 點荷載，幾種荷載Principleofsuperposition 疊加原理Reclamation 圍墾Retainingwall 擋（土）墻Rigidfoundation 剛性基礎Sediment 沉積（淀），沉積（淀）物Semi-infinitemass 半無限體Settlement 沉降Solidwaste 固體廢棄物Stratum （土，地）層Stripfoundation 條形基礎Stressincrease 附加應力Superimposedstress 附加應力Thrust 推力Tracingpaper 描圖（透明，透寫）紙第四章,第五章architecturaldamage 建筑損傷 brittle 脆性caisson 沉箱，沉井coefficientofconsolidation 固結系數coefficientofvolumecompressibility 體積壓縮系數collapsesettlement 濕陷沉降collapsiblesoil 濕陷性土compressiblelayer壓縮層compression 壓縮compressionindex壓縮指數compressionmodulus 壓縮摸量consolidation 固結consolidationanalogy 固結模型curvefitting 曲線擬合deformationmodulus 變形摸量degreeofconsolidation 固結度dialgauge 量表，百分表differentialsettlement 差異沉降dissipation 消散drained，drainage 排水drilledshaft 鉆孔樁drivenpile 打入樁expansionindex 回彈指數expansivesoil 膨脹土floodgate 閘門half-closedlayer 單面排水層hoggingcrack 頂裂Hooke’slaw 虎克定律hystereticloop 回滯環in-situcompressioncurve 現場壓縮曲線intactspecimen 原狀試樣isochrones 等時線loadingratio 荷載率loess 黃土masonry 砌體，砌石normallyconsolidated 正常固結oedometer 固結儀oedometertest 固結實驗openlayer 雙面排水層overconsolidated 超固結overconsolidationratio 超固結比peatysoil 泥炭土piezometer 孔壓計poisson’sratio 泊松比porousstone 透水石preconsolidationpressure 前期固結應力primaryconsolidation 主固結reboundingcurve 回彈曲線recompressioncurve 再壓縮曲線secondaryconsolidation 次固結settlement 沉降soilmass 土體soilskeleton 土骨架specimen 土樣standpipe 測壓管stratum（） 土層stresshistory 應力歷史structuraldamage 結構損傷subsidence 沉陷swellingcurve 回彈曲線swellingindex 回彈指數timefactor 時間因數totalhead 總水頭underconsolidated 欠固結underpin 托換undrained 不排水unevensettlement 不均勻沉降virgincompressioncurve 初始壓縮曲線Young’smodulus 楊氏摸量第六章all-roundpressure圍壓anisotropic 非各項相等borehole 鉆孔cohesion 凝聚力compression 壓縮consolidated-drained 固結排水consolidated-quicksheartest 固結快剪試驗consolidated-slowsheartest 固結慢剪試驗consolidated-untrained 固結不排水creep 蠕變critical 極限的criticalstate 極限狀態criticalvoidratio 臨界孔隙比crushing 壓碎cyclicrepeatload 循環荷載cylindricalspecimen圓柱試樣densesand 緊砂density 密度deposition 沉積deviatorstress壓力差dilatancy 膨脹directlysheartest 直剪試驗drainagevolume 排水量dynamicload 動力荷載excavation 開挖failure 破壞failureenvelop 強度包線fracturing 破裂frictionangle 摩擦角frictionresistance 摩擦阻力hollowcylinder 空心圓柱interlocking 咬合intermediatestress 中主應力isotropic各項相等kneading 揉liquefaction 液化loosesand 松砂mohr-coulombfailurecriterion 摩爾-庫侖破壞準則o-ring O形圈parameter 參數peakstress 峰值應力pedestal 底座piezometer 孔壓計planestrain 平面應變porepressure 孔隙壓力porepressurecoefficient 孔隙壓力系數porousceramicstone 透水石principlestress 主應力remoldedsample 重塑土residualstrength 殘余強度ringsheartest 圓環剪切試驗rollerbearings 滾珠rubbermembrane 橡皮膜sampling 制樣screw螺栓seepage 滲透sensitivity 靈敏度shear 剪切shearvanetest 十字板剪切試驗shell 貝殼siltlamination 粉沙夾層slope 邊坡specimen 試樣stability 穩定strength 強度stresspath 應力路徑torque 扭矩triaxialcompression 三軸壓縮試驗truetriaxialtest 真三軸試驗unconfinedcompression 無側限抗壓試驗unconsolidated-undrained 不固結不排水undisturbedsample 原狀樣verticalload 垂直荷載volumetricstrain 體積應變weakplane軟弱面第七章Rankine’sTheoryofearthpressure 朗肯土壓力理論Coloumb’sTheoryofearthpressure 庫侖土壓力理論earthpressure 土壓力earthpressureatstaticstate 靜止土壓力activeearthpressure 主動土壓力passiveearthpressure 被動土壓力earthpressurecoefficient 土壓力系數at-restearthpressurecoefficient 靜止土壓力系數activeearthpressurecoefficient 主動土壓力系數passiveearthpressurecoefficient 被動土壓力系數forcepolygon 力多邊形bracingsystem 支撐系統第八章acceleration 加速度Bishop’smethod 畢肖普法Bish