Unit4AdversityandCourageⅠ.閱讀理解A(2024·石家莊市質檢)InGrytvikenonSouthGeorgiaIslandintheSouthAtlanticOceanliestheSouthGeorgiaMuseum,oneofthemostremotemuseumsintheworld.SouthGeorgiaMuseumislocatedintheisland'soldwhalingstation.Whaling,orthehuntingofwhalesfortheirusablenaturalproducts,suchasmeatandoil,ceasedtherein1964.Thebuildingthatnowhousesthemuseumonceservedasthewhalingmanager'shomeandofficeandwentunusedforover20yearsbeforeitopenedtothepublicasamuseumin1992.TherearenopassengerflightstoorfromGrytviken,sothemajorityofvisitorsarriveonaship.Theislanditselfonlyseesabout10,000visitorsayearandtherearenopermanentresidents,onlyagroupof20scientists,maintenancestaff,andmuseumworkerswhobravetheisland'scoldweatherconditions.Travelingtothemuseumrequiresadvanceplanning.SouthGeorgiaMuseumstaffalltraveltotheislandfromabroadforthesouthernhemisphere(半球)spring,ormid-October,andmostcomefromtheUnitedKingdom,around8,000milesnorth.Themuseum,whichoffersfreeadmission,“aimstomakethishistoryandheritageaccessiblebothtothevisitingpublicandtothoseunabletovisitthisremoteregionthrougheducation,exhibitionsandoutreach”，accordingtoitswebsite.Ithousesanaturalhistorycollection,artifacts,exhibitionsrelatedtotheearlyhistoryofsealingandwhalingaswellasAntarcticexplorer,SirErnestShackleton,andmore.Themuseumroomsarenamedafterindividualswhocontributedtothegrowthorconservationoftheislandinsomeway.ThetemperatureisidealforvisitorsOctoberthroughDecember,butstill,daytimehighsdon'toftenreachabove40degreesFahrenheit.Forthosewhoworkthere,Internetaccessispatchyandfreshfoodoptionsarerare.It'snotaplaceforeveryone,butforthestaffthatcallsithomeforpartsoftheyear;it'sauniqueformofparadise.“Steppingawayfromtheworldhasbeenatreat，”saidPierce,oneofthestaff.語篇導讀：文章主要介紹了位于南大西洋的古利德維肯島上的南喬治亞博物館。1．WhatcanwelearnabouttheSouthGeorgiaMuseum?DA．Itisaccessibletovisitorsbyair.B．Ithas20maintenanceworkers.C．Itopenedtothepublicin1964.D．Itusedtobeawhalingstation.解析：微小環節理解題。依據其次段最終一句話可知，現在博物館所在的建筑曾經是捕鯨經理的家和辦公室，在1992年作為博物館向公眾開放之前，它已經閑置了20多年。由此可知，南喬治亞博物館曾經是一個捕鯨站。故選D。2．Whoaretheroomsofthemuseumnamedafter？CA．Managersofthewhalingstation.B．AdventurersexploringtheAntarctic.C．Thosewhomadecontributionstotheisland.D．Individualswhoconservedwhalesfromextinction.解析：微小環節理解題。依據第四段最終一句話“Themuseumroomsarenamedafterindividualswhocontributedtothegrowthorconservationoftheislandinsomeway.”可知，該博物館的房間是以對該島的發展或疼惜作出貢獻的個人的姓名命名的。故選C。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“patchy”meaninthelastparagraph？AA．Poor. B．Easy.C．Free. D．Quick.解析：詞義揣測題。依據畫線詞后面的“freshfoodoptionsarerare”可知，此處描述的是在那里工作的條件很艱苦，由此可推知，patchy應當表示“時好時壞的，不穩定的”，和A項意思相近。故選A。4．Inwhichcolumnofawebsitecanweprobablyfindthistext？CA．Animals. B．People.C．Travel. D．News.解析：推理推斷題。依據第一段及最終一段的“ThetemperatureisidealforvisitorsOctoberthroughDecember”可知，本篇文章主要介紹位于南大西洋的古利德維肯的南喬治亞博物館，所以可能是選自于旅游一欄。故選C。B(2024·昆明市質檢)AnArizonaaquariumiscelebratingthehatchingofthreeendangeredAfricanpenguinchicks,sayingthetinyadditionsaregenetically(從基因方面)valuableaszoosandaquariumsaroundtheworldworktoinsurethespecies'survivalthroughbreeding(培育)programsandconservationefforts.OfficialsatOdySeaAquariummadetheannouncementonFriday,postingvideoofthecutebirdsonsocialmedia.Theyhatchedafewweeksagoandwillremainbehindthesceneswiththeirparentsuntilthey'rereadyforapublicappearance.AfricanpenguinshavesufferedamassivepopulationdeclineoverthedecadesandarelistedasendangeredanimalsbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature.Soanysuccessfulhatchingiscauseforcelebration,saidJessPeranteau,directorofanimalcareandeducationattheaquarium.“AsthepopulationoftheAfricanpenguincontinuestorapidlydecline—down23%inthepasttwoyearsalone—OdySeaAquariumremainscommittedtothesurvivalofthespeciesinpartnershipwithotherAssociationofZoosandAquariums，”Peranteausaidinastatement.Thebreedingprogramestablishedbytheassociationaimstobuildupagenebankforthespecies.OfficialssaytwoofthethreenewchicksinScottsdalewereborntoparentsMojoandLemieux—apowercoupleofsortsthatwasselectedforpairingaspartofthebreedingprogram.Thethirdchickwasborntofirst-timeparentsBubblesandWeasley.Aquariumworkerswillregularlyconduct“chickchecks”，briefexamstomonitortheirgrowthanddevelopmentandinsuretheyarehittingallnecessarymilestones.Thethreechickshaveyettobenamed,andtheirsexhasn'tyetbeendetermined.Fornowthey'reknownbytheirnumbers,42,43and44.Inall,OdySeaAquariumnowhas40Africanpenguinsandhasrecorded13successfulhatchings.語篇導讀：本文通過介紹歐迪西亞水族館慶祝成功孵化三只瀕危的非洲企鵝引出話題，圍繞歐迪西亞水族館與其他動物園及水族館致力于該物種生存所作出的一系列努力以及所取得的成果綻開介紹。5．HowdidOdySeaAquariumcelebratethebirthofthechicks？BA．Byadvertisingitsbreedingprogram.B．Byuploadingavideoofthemonline.C．Byholdingacontesttonamethem.D．Byofferingafreevisittothezoo.解析：微小環節理解題。依據其次段中的“OfficialsatOdySeaAquariummadetheannouncementonFriday,postingvideoofthecutebirdsonsocialmedia.”可知，歐迪西亞水族館的官方人員將這些可愛的企鵝幼崽的視頻發布在網上，以此慶祝三只企鵝幼崽的誕生。故選B。6．WhatisspecialaboutOdySeaAquarium？DA．Itworksonitsowntoprotectpenguins.B．Itaimstocreatenewhabitatsforpenguins.C．Ithashatched40Africanpenguinssofar.D．Itfocusesonthesurvivalofthepenguins.解析：微小環節理解題。依據第四段中的“OdySeaAquariumremainscommittedtothesurvivalofthespeciesinpartnershipwithotherAssociationofZoosandAquariums”可知，歐迪西亞水族館與其他動物園和水族館協會合作致力于企鵝的生存問題，即該水族館關注企鵝的生存。故選D。7．Whatcanwelearnaboutthethreepenguinchicks？DA．Theywereborntothesameparents.B．Theywereraisedbyapowercouple.C．Theirgenderhasbeenidentified.D．Theirgrowthismonitoredclosely.解析：推理推斷題。依據最終一段中的“Aquariumworkerswillregularlyconduct‘chickchecks’，briefexamstomonitortheirgrowthanddevelopmentandinsuretheyarehittingallnecessarymilestones.”可知，水族館工作人員將定期進行“幼崽檢查”，以監測它們的成長和發育。由此可推斷，這三只幼崽將在密切監測下成長。故選D。8．Whichisthetextmainlyabout？AA．EndangeredpenguinchickshatchatOdySeaAquarium.B．Penguinchicksmaketheirfirstappearanceinpublic.C．Africanpenguinssufferasharpdeclineinpopulations.D．Newly-bornpenguinsaretakengoodcareofinzoos.解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文通過介紹歐迪西亞水族館慶祝成功孵化三只瀕危的非洲企鵝引出話題，圍繞歐迪西亞水族館與其他動物園及水族館致力于該物種生存所作出的一系列努力以及所取得的成果綻開介紹。由此可知，本文的主題是瀕危非洲企鵝幼崽在歐迪西亞水族館孵化。故選A。Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·河北省滄州市普高質監)MawsonwasanAustralianexplorerandscientistwhoexploredtheAntarcticwithateamoffellowadventurersin1912.Histravelsinthefrozencontinentbroughthimworldwide1.A.InDecemberofthatyear,Mawsonandtwoother2.BleftthemainbaseatCommonwealthBay,3.Ca300-mileexplorationintothecentralpartofthecontinenttogatherscientificdataandsamples.4.Dfollowed.Oneofthemen,ayoungBritishsoldiernamedBelgraveNinnis,5.Bdownanopencrackonasledge,alongwithseveraloftheirbestdogsandmanyoftheteam'ssupplies,dead.Forseveralweeks,thetwoothers,6.Cwithscurvy(壞血病)andother7.D,struggledtoreturntocamp,keepinglivingfirstonthe8.Adogs,thenonstarvationfood.9.A,XavierMertz,aSwissmountaineerandskiingchampion,diedfromexhaustion,starvationandpossiblepoisonousnessfromeatingdogs'livers.10.Ctoreturnwiththeresearchdata,Mawson11.Btheelementsfor30days.Finallyhereturnedtothe12.CinFebruaryof1913,extremelythin,frost-bittenandexhausted—onlyto13.Bhehadmissedtheshiprescuingtherestofthe14.Dbyhours.Mawsonwasregardedasasurvivorhero.Forhisachievementsasanexplorerandscientist,hewasknighted(封爵)in1914.Inadditiontohisother15.A,Mawsoneditedandcontributedtothe22-volumeReportsofAustralasianAntarcticExpeditions.語篇導讀：這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講解并描述了Mawson帶領隊伍進行南極大陸中部探險時遇難，Mawson掙扎著生存下來，并將探討數據成功帶回的故事。1．A.praise B．trustC．worry D．criticism解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他在這片冰凍的大陸上的旅行為他贏得了全世界的贊譽。A.praise贊揚；B.trust信任；C.worry擔憂；D.criticism指責。依據下文“Mawsonwasregardedasasurvivorhero.Forhisachievementsasanexplorerandscientist,hewasknighted(封爵)in1914.”推知，Mawson的探究受到了全世界的贊譽。故選A。2．A.celebrities B．explorersC．athletes D．astronomers解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當年12月，Mawson和另外兩名探險者離開了聯邦灣的主要基地，起先了對南極大陸中部300英里的探究，以收集科學數據和樣本。A.celebrities名人；B.explorers探險者；C.athletes運動員；D.astronomers天文學家。依據上文“MawsonwasanAustralianexplorerandscientistwhoexploredtheAntarcticwithateamoffellowadventurersin1912.”可知，他們是去探究南極大陸，因此是和另外兩名探險者一起。故選B。3．A.puttingoff B．showingoffC．kickingoff D．lettingoff解析：考查動詞短語辨析。句意：當年12月，Mawson和另外兩名探險者離開了聯邦灣的主要基地，起先了對南極大陸中部300英里的探究，以收集科學數據和樣本。A.puttingoff推遲；B.showingoff炫耀；C.kickingoff起先；D.lettingoff釋放。依據“a300-mileexplorationintothecentralpartofthecontinenttogatherscientificdataandsamples”可知，此處是指起先了對南極大陸中部的探究。故選C。4．A.Wonders B．BonusesC．Fortunes D．Disasters解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：災難隨之而來。A.Wonders奇跡；B.Bonuses獎金，紅利；C.Fortunes財寶；D.Disasters災難。依據下文“5downanopencrackonasledge,alongwithseveraloftheirbestdogsandmanyoftheteam'ssupplies,dead.Forseveralweeks,thetwoothers,6withscurvy(壞血病)”可知，起先探究之行后不久災難就隨之而來。故選D。5．A.took B．fellC．looked D．wandered解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：其中一名名叫貝爾格雷夫·尼尼斯的年輕英國男士兵從雪橇上的一條裂縫中摔了下來，連同他們最好的幾只狗和團隊的許多補給，死了。A.took帶；B.fell落下；C.looked看，看起來；D.wandered游蕩，閑逛。依據“anopencrackonasledge,alongwithseveraloftheirbestdogsandmanyoftheteam'ssupplies,dead”推知，這個年輕士兵從雪橇的縫隙中摔下去了。故選B。6．A.adjusted B．circulatedC．infected D．confused解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：幾個星期以來，另外兩名感染了壞血病和其他疾病的人掙扎著回到營地，先靠剩下的狗生活，然后靠扛饑餓的食物生活。A.adjusted校對，適應；B.circulated循環；C.infected感染；D.confused使……困惑。依據“scurvy”可知，此處是指感染壞血病。故選C。7．A.cures B．disabilitiesC．errors D．illnesses解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：幾個星期以來，另外兩名感染了壞血病和其他疾病的人掙扎著回到營地，先靠剩下的狗生活，然后靠扛饑餓的食物生活。A.cures治愈的方法；B.disabilities殘疾；C.errors錯誤；D.illnesses疾病。此處和上文“scurvy”并列，指感染壞血病和其他疾病。故選D。8．A.remaining B．wildC．fierce D．hunting解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：幾個星期以來，另外兩名感染了壞血病和其他疾病的人掙扎著回到營地，先靠剩下的狗生活，然后靠扛饑餓的食物生活。A.remaining剩下的；B.wild野生的；C.fierce猛烈的；D.hunting打獵。依據上文“alongwithseveraloftheirbestdogsandmanyoftheteam'ssupplies,dead”可知，此處是指在食物匱乏的狀況下，靠吃剩下的雪橇犬生活。故選A。9．A.Ultimately B．NeverthelessC．Temporarily D．Meanwhile解析：考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：最終，瑞士登山運動員和滑雪冠軍澤維爾·默茨死于乏累、饑餓和可能因吃狗肝臟而中毒。A.Ultimately最終；B.Nevertheless然而；C.Temporarily短暫；D.Meanwhile同時。依據上文的“first”“then”可知，此處是指最終來自瑞士的澤維爾·默茨死于乏累、饑餓和中毒。故選A。10．A.Discouraged B．RelievedC．Determined D．Frightened解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Mawson決心帶著探討數據回來，與大自然抗爭了30天。A.Discouraged沮喪的；B.Relieved放松的；C.Determined堅決的，確定；D.Frightened害怕 的。依據下文“Finallyhereturnedtothe12inFebruaryof1913,extremelythin,frost-bittenandexhausted”推知，Mawson決心帶著探討數據回去。故選C。11．Abined B．battledC．contained D．introduced解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Mawson決心帶著探討數據回來，與大自然抗爭了30天。Abined結合；B.battled斗爭，搏斗；C.contained包含；D.introduced介紹。依據下文“Finallyhereturnedtothe12inFebruaryof1913,extremelythin.frost-bittenandexhausted”推知，Mawson與大自然抗爭了30天，變得瘦弱乏累不堪。故選B。12．A.center B．normalC．base D．campus解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最終，他在1913年2月回到基地，身體特殊瘦弱，被凍傷，乏累不堪，卻發覺他錯過了營救其他成員的船好幾個小時。A.center中心；B.normal正常，常態；C.base基地；D.campus校內。依據上文“Mawsonandtwoother2leftthemainbaseatCommonwealthBay”可知，此處指Mawson帶著探討數據回到了基地。故選C。13．A.predict B．discoverC．complain D．explain解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：最終，他在1913年2月回到基地，身體特殊瘦弱，被凍傷，乏累不堪，卻發覺他錯過了營救其他成員的船好幾個小時。A.predict預料；B.discover發覺；Cplain埋怨；D.explain說明。依據“hehadmissedtheshiprescuingtherestofthe14byhours”可知，Mawson回到基地后發覺他錯過了營救船，不然也不會遭遇那么多苦難。故選B。14．A.passengers B．witnessesC．rescuers D．crew解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最終，他在1913年2月回到基地，身體特殊瘦弱，被凍傷，乏累不堪，卻發覺他錯過了營救其他成員的船好幾個小時。A.passengers乘客；B.witnesses目擊者；C.rescuers營救人員；D.crew全體船員，全體成員。依據上文“MawsonwasanAustralianexplorerandscientistwhoexploredtheAntarcticwithateamoffellowadventurersin1912.”可知，此處是指探險隊的其他成員。故選D。15．A.achievements B．referencesC．services D．subjects解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：除了其他成就外，Mawson還編輯并貢獻了22卷本的《澳大拉西亞南極考察報告》。A.achievements成就；B.references參考書；C.services服務；D.subjects科目，對象。依據上文“Forhisachievementsasanexplorerandscientist,hewasknighted(封爵)in1914.”可知，此處指除了提到的這些成就外，Mawson還編輯了書籍。故選A。Ⅲ.七選五(2024·濰坊市摸底)ToputintowordsmytimeinAntarcticaandSouthGeorgiaisnearlyimpossible.Ihadalwaysdescribeditasaonce-in-a-lifetimeexperience,butassoonasIsteppedfootonthecontinent,IimmediatelyknewIneededtoreturn.1.DAbout50%ofthepassengersofourexpedition(遠征)hadbeentoAntarcticaatleastoncebefore.Thisgoestoshowjusthowmagicalofadestinationitis.ThatallyoursenseswillbestimulatedisthebestwayIcandescribethetimeonthewhitecontinent.Howtinyyoufeelnexttotoweringglaciersandicebergs.TheicywatermovingthroughyourbodyasyoutaketheinfamousPolarPlunge.Thelearningofheart-touchingstoriesofsurvivalfromexplorersofthepast.2.AAntarcticamakesyoufeelsosmallandinsignificant,inthebestway.3.GYougetfrontrowseatstowitnessthemostincredibleshow:nature.Itisasmuchbeautifulascruel.Forexample,whenyouseeabrownskua(賊鷗)attackingapenguinchick,yourheartaches.ThenyourexpeditionguideregretfullytellsyouthatachickthatissmallinMarchwouldhaveveryslimchancesofsurvivingtheupcomingwinter.Thecyclecontinues,andyou'releftwonderingwhotorootfor.ThingsmovefastinAntarctica,andeverymonthofferssomethingreallyuniqueandspecialtosee.InMarch,theweatherisabitmoreunpredictable,andtheseaiceisbeginningtoformagain.4.CIntwomoreweeks,expeditionshipswouldnotbeabletobreakthroughtheice.Thepenguinsarecompletingtheiryearlyfeather-changingprocess.5.FTheexpeditionteammadesurewekeptourdistanceanddidnotscarethemintohidingunderfreezingwater.Theseanimals,arguablythecutestyouwilleversee,survivesuchunfavorableenvironments.It'sabsolutelyincredibletowitnessthechallenges,theskill,theefforts,allofit.Iamforevergratefultohavebeenavisitor.A．Thelistgoeson.B．Butthisisnotalwaysthecase.C．Ourvoyagewasthelastoftheseason.D．Iwasnottheonlyonewhofeltthisway.E．I,yearslater,didreturntothisfascinatingplace.F．Theyarereallyweakduringthistime,andcannotdive.G．Everythinghasapurpose,andthecycleoflifeisevident.語篇導讀：本文記敘了作者南極洲旅行的閱歷和感受。解析：1．依據上文中的“IimmediatelyknewIneededtoreturn”可知，作者認為自己須要再次來到這個地方，空后講到了“About50%ofthepassengersofourexpedition(遠征)hadbeentoAntarcticaatleastoncebefore”，空處承上啟下，應當會講到不是只有作者有這樣的感覺，其他人也有類似的感受，D項符合語境。故選D。2．依據本段的“allyoursenseswillbestimulated”可知，本段主要在講作者的感官感受。空前舉了幾個例子，A項“這樣的例子還有許多”符合語境。故選A。3．依據本段中的“Itisasmuchbeautiful...Thecyclecontinues,andyou'releftwonderingwhotorootfor”可推知，生命周期綿延不息，G項“一切皆有意義，生命周期自不待言”符合語境。故選G。4．依據空前和空后內容可知，此處內容應與去南極洲旅行的時間有關，C項“我們的航行是該季節的最終一次”符合語境。故選C。5．空前講企鵝正處于換毛季，空后說探險隊保證我們不把它們嚇到藏在極冷的水下，F項“它們在這段時間真的虛弱且不能下潛”符合語境。且F項中的They指的就是企鵝，thistime指的正是“theiryearlyfeather-changingprocess”。故選F。Ⅳ.讀后續寫(2024·湖南省五市聯考)閱讀下面材料，依據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。JoeandIhadbeenlookingforwardtoourretirement.However,whenhesufferedaheartattacklastspring,hewasforcedtoleavehisjobasatruckdriverearlierthanwehadplanned.Asthemedicalbillsincreased,werealizedIwouldhavetocontinueworkingfull-timewhileJoestayedhomeandtookoverthehousework.Thisnewarrangementwasadisaster.Onenight,whenIdraggedmyselftobed,IwashorrifiedtodiscoverJoehadturnedourwhitesheetsblue.Hetoldmehehadfoundouthowtosaveonwater,soapandelectricity.Hepattedhisbluetrousersandannouncedproudlywashingeverythingtogetherwasthesecret.WhenIawoketothedeafeningrainthenextmorning,allIwantedwasahothome-cookedmeal.However,whatgreetedmeatthetablewasamicrowavepackage.Iknewmyhusbandhadhisfaults,butIthoughtheatleastknewhowtocook!IknewifIdidn'tleavethehousesoonIwouldlosemytemperwithhim.Astheheavyrainthundereddownoutside,Joeofferedtodrivemetowork.IignoredhimasIstruggledintomyjacketandseizedmybagwithmyteachingplansinside.Heinsistedthathewouldtakemeandreachedforhisboots.Ilookedatthepilesofnewspapersandthedirtydishesstillonthetable.“Don'tyouhaveenoughtodo？Icantakecareofmyself，”Istormedou