考研英語模考試卷

ReadingComprehension

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(100points)

Text1

第1段:Theworld'srichest1%areoncoursetocontrolasmuchastwo-thirdsoftheworld's

wealthby2030,accordingtoashockinganalysis.Worldleadersarebeingwarnedthatthe

continuedaccumulationofwealthatthetopwillfuelgrowingdistrustandangeroverthecoming

decadeunlessactionistakentorestorethebalance.

第2段：AnalarmingprojectionproducedbytheHouseofCommonslibrarysuggeststhatif

trendsseensincethe2008financialcrashweretocontinue,thenthetop1%willhold64%ofthe

world'swealthby2030.Since2008,thewealthoftherichest1%hasbeengrowingatanaverage

of6%ayear—muchfasterthanthe3%growthinwealthoftheremaining99%oftheworld's

population.Shouldthatcontinue,thetop1%wouldholdwealthequatingto$305tn(￡216.5tn)一

upfrom$140tntoday.

第3段：Analystssuggestwealthhasbecomeconcentratedatthetopbecauseofrecent

incomeinequality,higherratesofsavingamongthewealthy,andtheaccumulationofassets.The

wealthyalsoinvestedalargeamountofequityinbusinesses,stocksandotherfinancialassets,

whichhavehandedthemdisproportionatebenefits.

第4段：Amajorproblemwiththeinfluenceexertedbytheverywealthyleadstofalling

levelsoftrust.InanewpollingbyOpinium,participantswereaskedtoselectagroupthatwould

havethemostpowerin2030,andmost(34%)saidthesuper-rich,while28%optedfornational

governments.Thosesurveyedsaidtheyfearedtheconsequencesofwealthinequalitywouldbe

risinglevelsofcorruption(41%)orthe"super-richenjoyingunfairinfluenceongovernment

policy,,(43%).

第5段：TheresearchabovewascommissionedbyLiamByrne,theformerLabourcabinet

minister,aspartofagatheringofMPs,academics,businessleaders,tradeunionsandcivilsociety

leadersfocusedonaddressingtheproblem.

第6段：Byrne,whoorganisedthefirstOECD(OrganizationforEconomicCo-operationand

Development)globalparliamentaryconferenceoninclusivegrowth,cautionedthatthealready

tiltedscaleofworld,swealthwasaboutto“takeitslaststraw?.“Ifwedon'ttakestepstorewrite

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therulesofhowoureconomieswork,thenwecondemnourselvestoafuturethatremainsunequal

forgood,“hesaid."That'smorallybad,andeconomicallydisastrous,riskinganewexplosionin

instability,corruptionandpoverty.^^

第7段DannyDorling,professorofgeographyattheUniversityofOxford,saidthescenario

inwhichthesuper-richaccumulatedevenmorewealthby2030wasarealisticone."Evenifthe

incomeofthewealthiestpeopleintheworldstopsrisingdramaticallyinthefuture,theirwealth

willcontinuetogrowfbronetotwomoredecades^^hesaid.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,whatwouldhappenby2030

A.Worldleaderswouldberelievedoftheirposition.

B.Publicangeratthewealthiestwouldbereconciled.

C.Therichestwouldpocketoverhalfoftheworld'swealth.

D.Thepoorwoulddemonstratetheirpowerthroughprotest.

2.Itissuggestedthattheother99%oftheworld'spopulation.

A.wasfarmoreimpactedbythe2008financialcrisisthantherichest1%

B.couldhardlycatchupwiththeother1%inwealthdespitemoderategrowth

C.hastodoubleitsincreaserateinwealthtoachieveaproportionaldistribution

D.needstoexpandtheirinvestmentinbusinessandotherfinancialassets

3.TheresultsfromOpinium'snewpollingarementionedto.

A.demonstratepeople'sdecliningfaithingovernmentsectors

B.explainthesupremepowerpossessedbythesuper-rich

C.expressthegrowingconcernoverpoliticalcorruption

D.revealunfairpolicy-makinginfavorofthesuper-rich

4.Theexpression"takeitslaststrawrsclosestinmeaningto.

A.collapseundertheultimateburden

B.takethelastopportunity

C.faceademandingchallenge

D.completeitsfinalprocess

5.AccordingtoDannyDorling,thecurrenttrendofwealthaccumulationamongthesuper-rich

is.

A.dramatic

B.questionable

C.idealistic

D.unstoppable

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Text2

第1段：Thenumberofpeopleforcedtofleetheirhomesrosetoarecordhighin2017,with

16.2millionpeoplenewlydisplacedaroundtheworld.Thefigureincludespeoplewhohavebeen

displacedforthefirstlime,andthosewhohavebeenforcedfromtheirhomesmultipletimes.

第2段:Thefigureof68.5milliondisplacedpeople—3millionhigherthanthetotal

populationoftheUK-includes25.4millionrefugees,40millioninternallydisplacedand3.1

millionasylumseekers.Theincreasecamedespitethereturnofmorethan5milliondisplaced

peopletotheircountriesoforigins.

第3段Despiteitslargenumber,displacedpopulationinsomesenseisnotaubiquitousissue.

Theannualfigures,compiledbytheUNrefugeeagency,UNHCR(UnitedNationsHigh

CommissionerfbrRefugees),sawfivecountriesaccountingfbrtwo-thirdsofallrefugees

(excludingthosedefinedaslong-termPalestinianrefugees):Syria(6.3million);Afghanistan(2.6

million);SouthSudan(2.4million);Myanmar(1.2million)andSomalia(986,400).

第4段：ThenewfiguresemergedaftertheactoranddirectorAngelinaJolie,aspecialenvoy

fbrtheUNagency,warnedofafundingshortfallfbrtheagency'sworkinSyria-thelargestgroup

ofdisplaced.SpeakingduringavisittoDomizCampinIraqonSunday,hometo33,000refugees

displacedbytheSyrianwar,Jolietoldapressconferencethattheagency'sappealfbrSyrian

refugeeswashugelyunderfundedevenincomparisonwithlastyear.

第5段：WhenUNHCR'sSyriaresponsewasonly50%fundedlastyear,andthisyearitis

only17%funded,thereareterriblehumanconsequences.Weshouldbeundernoillusionsabout

this.Whenthereisevennotthebareminimumofaid,refugeefamiliescannotreceiveadequate

medicaltreatment,womenandgirlswillbeleftvulnerabletosexualviolence,manychildren

cannotgotoschool,andwesquandertheopportunityofbeingabletoinvestinrefugeessothat

theycanacquirenewskillsandsupporttheirfamilies.

第6段：Thenewtotalscomeattheendofadecadeofsharplyrisingnumbersofdisplaced,

whichhaveriseninexorablyfrommorethan42millionin2007tothecurrenttotal.Thismeans

oneinevery110peopleintheworldiscurrentlydisplaced,withmostofthesharpincrease

occurringinthelastfiveyears.

第7段：AlthoughSyriaonceagaindominatedthefigures,2017wasalsomarkedbya

significantriseindisplacedpeoplefromNorthandCentralAmerica,withincreasingnumbersof

peoplejourneyingtoseekasyluminMexicoandtheUS,evenasVenezuelanscontinuedtoflow

outtoneighbouringcountries.Thetotalsalsosawthesixthsuccessiveyearofincreasesinthe

numberofrefugeesunderUNHCR'smandate,withariseofjustunder3millionlastyeartoa

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totaljustshortof20million,thehighestknowntotaltodate.

6.Thecurrenttrendofthenumberofdisplacedpopulationistheoneof.

A.steadiness

B.fluctuation

C.decline

D.upsurge

7.Bylistingfiguresofthefivecountries,theauthorintendstoshowthat,

A.Syriahasthelargestnumberofrefugeesamongthefivecountries

B.theotherone-thirdoftherefugeescanhardlybeidentified

C.displacedpopulationconcentratesinafewnumberofcountries

D.civilconflictsaremostseriousinsomeMiddle-eastcountries

8.AccordingtoJolie,thereliefworkinSyriafacestheproblemof.

A.overpopulationofrefugees

B.inadequacyinfunding

C.politicaldisagreement

D.localdisturbances

9.Whichofthefollowingwouldhappenwithoutevenminimumaid?

A.Refugeeswouldbedeprivedofthechancetoearntheirownliving.

B.Femaleswouldstandatagravedisadvantageagainstmistreatment.

C.Childrencannotbeadmittedtoschoolsopenedfornon-refugees.

D.Thespreadofepidemiccannotbecontrolledinrefugeecamps.

10.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheRisingNumberofRefugeesWorldwide

B.TheDifficultyinSeekingPoliticalAsylum

C.TheCompleteFailureofUNHCR'sMandate

D.TheSeriousSituationofSyrianRefugees

Text3

第1段：Barely3percentoftheAmericanworkforcebikesorwalkstoworkwithany

frequency,despitetheobviousvirtues:decreasedrisksforobesityanddiabetes,environmental

benefitsandlowertransportationcosts.Askpeoplewhythey“eschew"what'sknownasactive

commuting,however,asmanysurveyshave,andtheprimaryreasoncitedistime.Thosethings

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taketoolong,mostsay.

第2段：They'reprobablywrong.Anewstudypublishedinajournalcalled

“TransportmetricaA:TransportScience“showsthatpeopleoftenoverestimatethetime

requiredtocommuteactively,amiscalculationespeciallycommonwhensomeonehassecureda

parkingpermitneartheoffice.

第3段：Forthestudy,researchersatPennStatesolicitedtheschooFsfaculty,staffand

studentstocompleteanextensiveseriesofonlinequestionnairesabouttheirfitness,health,

commutingandparkinghabits,comfortandabilityonabikeoraspedestrians,distancefrom

hometotheirmainworkplaceoncampusandhowlongtheythoughtitwouldtakethemtoeither

bikeorwalkthatdistance.Onlyafewofthe505respondentswentbyfootorbike;mostofthem

werestudents.Estimatesofcommutingtimeswerethencomparedwiththecorrespondingroute

timescalculatedbyGoogleMaps.Theresearchersindependentlytimedsomeoftheroutesby

walkingorridingthem.

第4段：Thesurveyparticipants—facultyandstaffmembersaboveall—provedtobe

generallypooratguessingactive-commutingtimes.About90percentoftheirestimatesweretoo

longbyatleast10minutes.ThefewassessmentsclosetoGoogle'swerealmostalwaysmadeby

ridersorwalkers.Parkingavailabilityanddistancesaffectedtheestimates.

第5段：Thosewithparkingpermits,afiercelysought-aftercampusamenity,tendedto

overestimateactive-commutingtimessignificantly;theclosersomeonelivedtotheworkplace,the

bettertheguesses.Confidencehadanoutsizeeffect,too.Thepeoplesurveyed,especiallywomen,

whohadlittlebicyclingexperienceorwhodidnotfeelphysicallyfitthoughtthatactive

commutingwouldrequireconsiderablymoretimethantheGooglecalculations.

第6段：Thestudyislimited,ofcourse,becauseitreliesonaninsular,self-selectedgroupof

respondentstoprovideinformationaboutthemselves,atopiconwhichpeoplecanbesurprisingly

unreliable.Thepublishedresultsalsodidnotdelveintosuchpressingactive-commutingconcerns

ashygiene,showersorthelogisticsofcarryingchangesofclothes.

第7段:“Butthestudy'sresultsdoindicatethattimemaybelessofabarriertoactive

commutingthanmanymightanticipate,saysMelissaBopp,anassociateprofessorofkinesiology

atPennStateandthestudy'sseniorauthor.'Tdurgeanyonewhoisconsideringbikingorwalking

toworktodoatestrun,^^shesays,perhapsonaweekend(althoughthetrafficpatternswillbe

differentfromthoseduringtheweek).Askcolleaguesforroutesuggestions.44Googleisgoodat

findingbikepathsJshesays,butitemphasizesbrevityanddirectnessoversceneryforwalkers.

11.Theword“eschew"(Para.1)mostprobablymeans.

A.breach

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B.guard

C.acclaim

D.avoid

12.Accordingtothe“TransportinetricaA:TransportScience",people.

A.failtocalculatetheactivecommutetimecorrectly

B.arereducedtofindingparkingspacepersonally

C.overratetherequiredtimetosecureaparkingpermit

D.makeanaccuratepredictionaboutthetimeconsumed

13.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutthesurveyparticipantsaccordingtoParagraphs4and5?

A.Theirmathematicalabilityisinferiortoothers5.

B.Theinfluenceofconfidencehasbeenovervalued.

C.Parkingrightisacontributingfactortotheircalculation.

D.Theyfeelphysicallyfitbychoosinganactivecommute.

14.AccordingtoMelissaBopp,thetimeconsumedinactivecommutingmay.

A.beexaggeratedpartly

B.deservemoreattention

C.beestimatedcontinually

D.needtobestrengthened

15.MelissaBopp'sattitudetowardworkingbybikeorbyfootis.

A.indifferent

B.supportive

C.indignant

D.apprehensive

Text4

第1段：Howeffectiveareantimicrobial“courtesymasks“atpreventingthespreadof

contagiousairborneillnesses?Thebestevidencesuggeststhat,whensick,wearingamaskcan

helptoprotectothersfromgettingsick.Andwhenwell,wearingamaskaroundthosewhoare

sickwillprobablydecreaseyourownchancesofbecominginfected.Butthemasksarefarfrom

foolproof.

第2段：Courtesymasks,orwhatwedoctorsrefertoasmedicalmasks,wereintroducedinto

theoperatingroominthelate1800s.Theyquicklybecamepopularamongapubliceagerto

protectitselfagainsttheinfluenzaepidemicof1918.Acenturylater,theadventofmodern

moleculartechniquesconfirmedthatmedicalmaskscanindeedprovidegoodprotectionagainstflu.

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第3段：Ina2013study,researcherscountedthenumberofvirusparticlesintheairaround

patientswithflu.Theyfoundthatmedicalmasksdecreasedtheexhalationoflargeviraldroplets

25-fold.Themaskswere,however,lesseffectiveagainstthefineviraldropletsthatcanremain

suspendedintheairlongerandarethereforemoreinfectious,cuttingthemby2.8times.

第4段：Surgicalmasksalsoaffordfairlygoodprotectionfortheworriedwell.Inanoft-cited

studyof446nurses,researchersfoundsurgicalmaskswereasgood,ornearlyasgood,at

protectingtheweareragainstfluasbreathingapparatus,asomewhatmorehigh-tech,masklike

deviceusedinhospitals.TheworkofAustralianinvestigatorsprovidesfurthersupportforthe

valueofthesimplemedicalmask.Theyestimatethatinahomesetting,wearingasurgicalmask

decreasesawellperson'sriskofgettingsickby60percentto80percent.

第5段However,mostpeoplefailtowearamaskfaithfullyenoughtoachievethisdegreeof

protection,andtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionremainsambiguousabouttheuse

ofmasksoutsideofhealthcaresettings.t4Norecommendationcanbemadeatthistimeformask

useinthecommunitybyasymptomaticpersons,includingthoseathighriskforcomplications,to

preventexposuretoinfluenzaviruses,theagencyconcludesonitswebsite,4tIfyoudon'thavea

mask,ordon'twanttowearone,standingatleastsixfeetfromaninfectedpersonwillincrease

yourchancesforstayinghealthy.”

第6段：Theairsurroundingsickpeople,eveniftheyaren'tcoughingorsneezing,isloaded

withsmallinfectiousparticles,andthefartheryouarefromthem,thebetter.Washingyourhands

frequently,ofcourse,isalsocriticalforstayinghealthy,sincetouchinginfectedfingerstotheeyes,

noseormouthcantransmitinfection.

16.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph1thatwearingamask.

A.candefendthesickfromradiation

B.stillfacesthedangerofgettingsick

C.isoflittlesignificanceforthehealthy

D.enjoysavitalpositionagainstepidemics

17.Modemmoleculartechniquesverified.

A.people'sincreasedawarenessoftheflu

B.theirsignificantimpactonmedicine

C.thereliabilityofmedicalmasks

D.theurgencyoffightingagainstflu

18.AccordingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutmasks?

A.Theeffectofmasksisnolessthanthatofbreathingapparatus.

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B.Maskscanactuallyassistpeoplewithpsychologicalanxiety.

C.Masklike-devicehasgainedpopularityinhospitalsandclinics.

D.Australianinvestigatorsoffernewinsightsintomedicalmasks.

19.InParagraph5,theauthorshowshisconcernthat.

A.thehabitofwearingmaskshasnotyetbeencultivated

B.mostpeopledidn'tsucceedinaddressingsomeproblems

C.theagencyfailedtogivesomeconstructivesuggestions

D.theuseofmasksisnotgeneralizedinhealthcaresettings

20.Inanenvironmentloadedwithinfectiousparticles,people.

A.areboundtosufferfromcoughing

B.aresuggestedtotakesomeprecautions

C.areunabletobehealthybyanymeans

D.aresupposedtostayawayfromthesick

答案解析：

題號：1.【答案】C.解析：本題為事實細節題。根據題干by2030定位到第一段第一句The

world'srichest1%areoncoursetocontrolasmuchastwo-thirdsoftheworld'swealthby

2030,accordingtoashockinganalysis.【根據一項令人震驚的分析結果，世界上最富有的1%

的人到2030年將控制世界財富的三分之二。】對應C項Therichestwouldpocketoverhalfof

theworld'swealth.【最富有的人會將超過半數的世界財富收入囊中】，故為正確答案。

干擾項：A、B、D項均不符合原文。

題號：2.【答案】B。解析：本題為事實細節題。根據題干定位到第二段第二句Since2008,the

wealthoftherichest1%hasbeengrowingatanaverageof6%ayear-muchfasterthanthe

3%growthinwealthoftheremaining99%oftheworld'spopulation.［自2008年以來，最

富有的1%的人的財富以每年平均6%的速度增長一一比世界其余99%的人的財富增長

3%快得多。】理解句意可知最富有的1%的人已經在財富總量上遠超剩余99%的人，其

財富增長速度又是剩余群體的二倍，其余99%幾乎不可能趕上最富有的1%。對應B項

couldhardlycatchupwiththeother1%inwealthdespitemoderategrowth為正確項。

干擾項：A項無中生有。C項偷換概念，最富有的1%的人的財富增長速率是剩余99%的二

倍，并不是99%的人打算將其增長率翻倍。D項無中生有。

題號：3.【答案】Ao解析：本題為例證題。例證題根據題干中信息定位到原文論據位置：

第四段第二句。例證題正確答案從論點中尋找：第四段第一句Amajorproblemwith

theinfluenceexertedbytheverywealthyleadstofallinglevelsoftrust.【最富有的群體產

生的社會影響導致了民眾信任度降低。】對應A項demonstratepeople,sdecliningfaithin

governmentsectors【表現了民眾對政府部門信任度降低】，故為正確項。干擾項：B項無

中生有。C、D項均為具體論據，就事論事，不符合題干要求。

題號：4.【答案】A。解析：本題為詞義句意題。根據題干定位到第六段第一句，但詞義句

意題答案需在定位的上下文中尋找。本題答案定位到第六段第二句"Ifwedon'ttakesteps

torewritetherulesofhowoureconomieswork,thenwecondemnourselvestoafuturethat

remainsunequalforgood,"hesaid.【“如果我們不采取措施來重寫經濟體的運作規則，

那么我們會永遠面對一個不平等的未來，"他說。】對應A項collapseunderultimate

burden【（世界財富的平衡）將會在終極壓力下打破】，故為正確項。干擾項：B、C、D

均不是短語的含義，故錯誤。

題號：5［答案】D。解析：本題為事實細節題。根據題干定位到最后一段第fDannyDorling,

professorofgeographyattheUniversityofOxford,saidthescenarioinwhichthesuper-rich

accumulatedevenmorewealthby2030wasarealisticone.（牛津大學地理學教授丹啟多林

說，超級富豪到2030年積累更多財富是實實在在會發生的情形。】財富不斷積累是現實會

發生的，對應D項unstoppable【（當下最富有人群財富累加的趨勢是）無法停止的】，

故為正確項。干擾項：A、B項不符合原文。C項與原文事實相反。

題號：6.【答案】D。解析：本題為事實細節題。根據題干定位到第一段第一句The

numberofpeopleforcedtofleetheirhomesrosetoarecordhighin2017,with16.2million

peoplenewlydisplacedaroundtheworld.［2017年被迫逃離家園的人數上升至歷史新高，

全球新近流離失所的人數為1620萬人。】題干問流離失所人數的趨勢是什么，對應D項

upsurge【急劇增長】符合原文，故為正確答案。干擾項：A項【平穩】,B項【波動】，

C項【下降】，均不符合原文所描述的趨勢，故錯誤。

題號：7.【答案】C,解析：本題為例證題。題干可定位到第三段第二句論據部分。一般來

說，例證題的正確項需在段落論點出尋找，故定位到本段第一句Despiteitslargenumber,

displacedpopulationinsomesenseisnotaubiquitousissue.【盡管流離失所人口的數量

巨大，這一問題從某種角度來說并不是一個世界性的問題。】對應C項displaced

populationconcentratesinafewnumberofcountries【流離失所人口集中在一些國家】，

符合原文意思，故為正確項。干擾項：A項就事論事，將論據本身內容作為論點，是例

證題典型錯項。B項無中生有，文章未提及其他三分之一的難民，故錯誤。D項無中

生有，文章未提及國內沖突的因素，故錯誤。

題號：8［答案】B。解析：本題為事實細節題。根據題干可定位到第四段第fThenewfigures

emergedaftertheactoranddirectorAngelinaJolie,aspecialenvoyforIheUNagency,warned

ofafundingshortfallfortheagency'sworkinSyria—thelargestgroupofdisplaced.［聯

合國機構特使，演員兼導演的安吉麗娜?朱莉（AngelinaJolie）警告說，該機構在最

大的流離失所者群體所在的敘利亞出現工作資金短缺，接著這個新的數字（難民總數）

便出現了。】題干問敘利亞的救濟工作面臨的問題是什么，對應B項inadequacyin

funding【資金不足】，符合原文，故為正確項。干擾項：A、C、D項均符合常理，但無中

生有，在文章未提及，故錯誤。。題號：9.【答案】Bo解析：本題為事實細節題。根據題

干可定位到第五段第三句Whenthereisevennotthebareminimumofaid,refugee

familiescannotreceiveadequatemedicaltreatment,

womenandgirlswillbeleftvulnerabletosexualviolence,manychildrencannotgotoschool,

andwesquandertheopportunityofbeingabletoinvestinrefugeessothattheycanacquire

newskillsandsupporttheirfamilies.［當最低限度的援助都沒有時，難民家庭就不能得

到足夠的醫療救治。此外，婦女和女孩容易遭受性暴力，許多兒童不能上學，我們也浪

費了投資難民以便他們能夠獲得新技能并養活他們的家人的機會。】對應B項

Femaleswouldstandatagrave

disadvantageagainstmistreatment.【女性將在虐待中處于劣勢地位】，符合原文含義，故為正

確項。干擾項：A項偷換概念，原文可定位到本段第三句第四個分句，we指代救助工作者，

指救助工作者浪費了投資難民的機會，A項偷換為難民被剝奪了維持生計的機會，故錯誤。

C項信息錯誤，原文未提及難民兒童不能入學的學校類型，故錯誤。D項無中生有，原

文未提及。

題號：10.【答案】Ao解析：本題為主旨大意題。據最后一段第一句AlthoughSyriaonce

againdominatedthefigures,2017wasalsomarkedbyasignificantriseindisplacedpeople

fromNorthandCentralAmerica,withincreasingnumbersofpeoplejourneyingtoseek

asyluminMexicoandtheUS,evenasVenezuelanscontinuedtoflowouttoneighbouring

countries.【盡管敘利亞人再次在難民總數里占了大頭，越來越多的人去墨西哥和美國尋

求庇護，委內瑞拉人繼續流向鄰

國，2017年北美和中美地區流離失所者人數仍大幅增加。］此處點明了文章主題，即世界范

圍內難民數量都在增加，即對應A項TheRisingNumberofRefugeesWorldwide.故為正

確答案。干擾項：B、C、D項均不是文章中心，以偏概全，錯誤。B項【尋求政治

避難的困難】，C項【UNHCR條令的徹底失敗】，D項【敘利亞難民的嚴峻處境】。

題號：11.【答案】D。解析：本題為詞義句意題。根據題干可定位至第一段第二句Ask

peoplewhytheyeschewwhat'sknownasactivecommuting,however,asmanysurveys

have,andtheprimaryreasoncitedistime.【然而很多調查發現，當被問及為什么不選擇

這些所謂的“活躍通勤”方式時，人們提到的主要因素是時間。】前面說為什么

活躍通勤。活躍通勤是一

種健康的出行方式，那人們一定是沒有選擇這種方式，并且后面也給出解釋，原因是沒時間。

所以D項為正確答案。干擾項：A項【違反/破壞】，B項【保衛/監視】，C項【歡呼/喝

彩工

題號：12.【答案】A。解析：本題為細節題。根據題干中的TransportmetricaA:TransportScience

可定位至第二段第二句peopleoftenoverestimatethetimerequiredtocommuteactively,a

miscalculationespeciallycommonwhensomeonehassecuredaparkingpermitneartheoffice.[A

們往往高估了活躍通勤所需的時間，在辦公室附近擁有停車許可證的人尤其會做出錯誤估

計。）未能正確計算活躍通勤所需的時間。failtocalculate對應文中的miscalculation。故

A項為正確答案。干擾項：B項【人們淪落到只能親自找停車位】文中是人們在辦公室

附近有停車位。C項【高估獲得停車許可證所需的時間】張冠李戴，高估的是活躍通勤，

也就是騎自行車或者步行所需時間。D項【準確預測花費的時間】語義錯誤，文中是

rWi估。?

題號：13.【答案】C。解析：本題為細節題。根據題干可定位至第四、五段。Parkingavailability

anddistancesaffectedtheestimates.【停車權和距離對估計有所影響。】C項中的parking

right對應文中的parkingavailability,calculation對應文中的estimateso故C為正確答案。

干擾項:A項【他們的數學能力不如別人。],文中提到provedtobegenerallypoorat

guessingactive-commutingtimes.【在估算活躍通勤用時方面大都很糟。!并不是他們的

數學能力差。B項【信心的影響力被高估了。】，文中是Confidencehadanoutsizeeffect.

【信心也會產生巨大影響。】并沒有高估。D項【他們通過選擇活躍通勤感到身體健康。】，

文中提至ljThepeoplesurveyed,especiallywomen,whohadlittlebicyclingexperienceor

whodidnotfeelphysicallyfitthoughtthatactivecommutingwouldrequireconsiderably

moretimethantheGooglecalculations.

【沒有騎車經驗或覺得身體不適的受訪者，尤其是女性，對活躍通勤的用時的估計大大高于

谷歌的計算。】用文中的個別詞進行干擾。實則無中生有。

題號：14.隋案】A。解析：本題為細節題。根據題干可定位至最后一段第一句"Butthestudy'

sresultsdoindicatethattimemaybelessofabarriertoactivecommutingthanmanymight

anticipate,"【"這項研究結果確實表明，與許多人的預期不同，時間對活躍通勤的阻礙并

不是很大，”】通勤時間在一定程度上被夸大了。故A項為正確答案。干擾項：B項【值

得更多關注】，C項【不斷估計】，D項【需要加強】均無中生有。

題號：15.【答案】B。解析：本題為觀點態度題。根據題干可定位至最后一段。I,durgeanyone

whoisconsideringbikingorwalkingtoworktodoatestrun.【我會敦促那些考慮騎車或步

行上班的人進行一次試騎或試走。】Googleisgoodatfindingbikepaths,butit

emphasizesbrevityanddirectnessoversceneryforwalkers.【谷歌彳艮擅長尋找騎行路線，

但谷歌偏重尋找簡潔和直接的路線，不太關注步行者看到的風景。】說明步行可以看到很

多風景，所以MelissaBopp對于騎車或步行去上班是支持的。故B項supportive【支

持的】為正確答案。干擾項：A項indifferent【漠不關心的】，C項indignant【憤怒的/憤

慨的】，D項apprehensive【憂慮的】均不符合此處態度。

題號：16.【答案】B。解析：本題為細節推斷題。根據題干可定位至第一段末句Butthe

masksarefarfromfoolproof.【但口罩絕非萬無一失。]foolproof【（方法、計劃、系統

等設計得）萬無一失的，肯定成功的】，如果不認識這個單詞，我們也可以根據but轉

折句，前后語義轉折進行推斷。前一句說Andwhenwell,wearingamaskaroundthose

whoaresickwillprobably

decreaseyourownchancesofbecoming健康者在患者周圍時戴口罩很可能會降低被

infected.[

感染的幾率。】這里說了戴口罩的作用。那么轉折后面就是相反的意思。但是，戴口罩仍然面

臨