Grammar從句名詞性從句形容詞性從句主語從句賓語從句定語從句表語從句同位語從句副詞性從句狀語從句定語從句非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句間隔式定語從句英語句子中用來修飾名詞、代詞的從句叫做定語從句。定語從句在句中的作用相當于形容詞，因此也被稱為形容詞性從句。先行詞關系詞引導詞即可以是人也可以是物定語從句就跟在先行詞之后關系詞關系代詞關系副詞that,which,who,whom,whose,aswhen,where,whyThebookthatIamreadingisJaneEyre.主語謂語（系動詞）表語先行詞定語從句HerearetwophotosthatItookonAugust7th,2009.ThesearephotosofLosAngeles.LosAngelesisaplacethatisfamousforHollywood.Everyyear,actorsandactresseswhowishtobecomefamouswillgotoHollywoodforgreatchances關系代詞的用法關系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。修飾人物的定語從句可以用來修飾人物的關系代詞有that(在從句中作主語或賓語)，who(在從句中作主語或賓語)，whom(在從句中作賓語)，whose(在從句中作定語).1.關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數要與先行詞保持一致。Ithankthewoman.Thewomanhelpsmealot.Ithankthewomanwho/thathelpsmealot.在從句中作主語2.關系代詞在從句中作賓語的時候，可以被省略。ThemanwasMr.Jones.Isawhim.Theman(who/whom/that)IsawwasMr.Jones.Sheisthewoman.Itoldyouabouther.Sheisthewoman(who/whom/that)Itoldyouabout.一.引導定語從句二.在定語從句中擔當成分Sheisthewoman

aboutwhomItoldyou.介詞放在關系代詞的前面，關系代詞不可省略Sheisthewoman(who/whom/that)Itoldyouabout.Heisaman_______doesn'tcareaboutanything.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whoseThatman_______youmetyesterdayismyfather.A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.whenThepoliceman_________________Ispoketoismybrother.Thepoliceman___________________IspokeismybrotherABwho/whom/thattowhom修飾事物的定語從句可以用來修飾事物的關系代詞有which(在從句中作主語或賓語)，that(在從句中作主語或賓語)。1.關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數要與先行詞保持一致。Thebookismine.Itisonthetable.Thebookwhich/thatisonthetableismine.Thisisoneofthebooksthatbelongtome.Thisistheonlyone

ofthebooksthatbelongstome.2.關系代詞在從句中作賓語的時候，可以被省略。Themoviewasn'tverygood.Wesawitlastnight.Themovie(which/that)wesawlastnightwasn'tverygood.Themusicwasgood.Welistenedtoitlastnight.Themusic(which/that)welistenedtolastnightwasgood.Themusictowhichwelistenedlastnightwasgood.只能用that，不能用which的情況there+be的句型中，句子的主語是先行詞，而且是物。

Therearemorethansevennovels

thatIwasaskedtoread.以Hereis（are）開頭的句子。

Hereis

afilm

thatwillmoveanyone.Itistime+定語從句Itistimethatweshouldstartout當先行詞是way，表示方式方法的時候，關系代詞可以用that或者inwhich.Thisistheway

that/inwhichmyfatherdoeshiswork.當先行詞被thelast,thevery或theonly修飾時。Thisistheonly

chance

thathecanusetopretecthimself.先行詞有序數詞時。Thisishisfirst

novel

thatattractsmanyreaders.當先行詞被all,little,few,much,every,no,some,any,just等修飾時。Thereislittle

waterthatisleftforworkers.當先行詞被最高級修飾時Thisisthebest

book

thatIhaveeverread.當先行詞既有人又有物時Iknowthethingsandpersons

thattheyaretalkingabout.當先行詞為anything,everything,nothing時Ihavenothing

thatisworthreading.關系詞例詞所修飾的先行詞在從句中可作的成分省略情況關系代詞who人主語、賓語作賓語時可省whom人賓語可省略which物主語、賓語作賓語時可省that人或物主語、賓語、表語作賓語時可省as人、物、事主語、賓語不省略whose人或物定語不省略關系副詞when時間名詞時間狀語不省略where地點名詞地點狀語不省略why原因名詞原因狀語不省略定語從句中關系詞的用法及分類Theman______________youmetjustnowismybrother.Theman______________iswalkingontheplaygroundismyfriend.Isthereanything_______youdon'tunderstandabouttheproblem?Alltheapples_______havegonebadshoulebeputaway.Thisistheverybook______Iamlookingfor.who/whom/thatwho/thatthatthatthatThechild_________parentsaredeadiscalledTom.whose的用法關系代詞whose引導的定語從句既可以修飾人物也可以修飾事物。whose本身在從句中作定語。Thechild

whose

parentsaredead

iscalledTom.ThechildiscalledTom.Thechild'sparentsaredead.從屬關系Iamstudyinginauniversity.Itsstudentscomefromdifferentpartsoftheworld.Iamstudyinginauniversitywhosestudentscomefromdifferentpartsoftheworld.Iknowtheman.Hisbicyclewasstolen.Iknowthemanwhosebicyclewasstolen.whose有時可用“ofwhich/whom+限定詞+名詞”或“限定詞+名詞+ofwhich/whom”替代。Iknowthemanwhosebicyclewasstolen.Iknowthemanofwhomthebicyclewasstolen.Iknowthemanthebicycleofwhomwasstolen.Iamstudyinginauniversitywhosestudentscomefromdifferentpartsoftheworld.Iamstudyinginauniversityofwhichthestudentscomefromdifferentpartsoftheworld.Iamstudyinginauniversitythestudentsofwhichcomefromdifferentpartsoftheworld.Thisisthehousewhosewindowbrokelastnight.Thisisthescientistwhoseachievementsarewellknown.Thisisthescientistofwhomtheachievementsarewellknown.Thisisthescientisttheachievementsofwhomarewellknown.Thisisthehouseofwhichthewindowbrokelastnight.Thisisthehousethewindowofwhichbrokelastnight.Theeggs___________Iboughtwerenotfresh.(that/which)Thefriend________cametosupperlastnightwasnothungry.who/thatThenoodles______________youcookedweredelicious.(which/that)Thehouse________windowisbrokenismine.whose修飾時間、地點、原因的定語從句當先行詞是時間，地點或原因時，如果定語從句里缺少時間狀語，地點狀語，原因狀語，就可以選用分別表示時間、地點、原因的關系副詞when,where,why;如果定語從句缺少的是主語或賓語，就不能選擇關系副詞，而應該選擇關系代詞who，that，which等。Iwillrememberthetime

whenIstayedinthecountryside.先行詞引導詞從句：Istayedinthecountrysidestay是不及物動詞，因此句子不缺少主語或賓語，考慮使用關系副詞先行詞：thetime，因此用表示時間的關系副詞作時間狀語Iwillrememberthetime

that/whichIspentinthecountryside.作賓語Iwillneverforgettheday______IfirstcametoBeijing.Iwillneverforgettheday____________IspentinHongkong.when指時間，在從句中作時間狀語。它的先行詞通常為time,day,date,morning,night,week,year等表示時間的名詞。whenwhich/thatIwillneverforgetthedayswhenwestudiedtogether.先行詞thedays具體到了時間的某一天，這種情況前面往往可以使用介詞on。(ontheday)Iwillneverforgetthedaysonwhichwestudiedtogether.Theyearwhentheearthquakehappenedwas1976.先行詞theyear是一個大的時間，這種情況前面往往可以使用介詞in。(intheyear)Theyearinwhichtheearthquakehappenedwas1976.when=inwhich/onwhichThisisthehouse

whereIwasborn.Thisisthehouse

which/thatwevisitedlastweek.Iwasborn.主謂結構不缺少主語或賓語，考慮使用關系副詞。作地點狀語visit及物動詞缺賓語Thisistheplace_________heworks.Thisistheplace_____________wepaidavisitto(which/that)wherewhere指地點，在從句中作地點狀語。它的先行詞通常為place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country等表示地點的名詞。where=inwhichThisisthehouseinwhichIwasborn.Thisistheplaceinwhichheworks.Doyouknowthereason

whyhewaslate?Doyoubelieveinthereason

which/thathegivesus?hewaslate作原因狀語Thereason___________hegaveyesterdayisn’tgood.(that/which)Thereason_________hedidn’tcometoschoolyesterdayisn’tgood.whywhy指原因或理由，它的先行詞只有reason，在定語從句中作原因狀語。why=forwhichDoyouknowthereasonforwhichhewaslate?Thereasonforwhichhedidn’tcometoschoolyesterdayisn’tgood.關系副詞和先行詞的關系Istillremembertheday

whenIcamehere.

Thisisthehouse

whereIlivedlastyear.

Therearemanyreasons

whypeopleliketraveling.

ontheday=wheninthehouse=whereforthereasons=why關系副詞實際上是介詞＋先行詞定語從句用法巧記歌訣：主句型，從句型，兩種句子要完整。從句僅靠先行詞，系詞引導要弄清。定人用who或whom，定物which當先用。關系代詞有that，定人定物有本領。定時間要用when，定地點where行。關系代（副）詞作成分，唯作賓語可以省。Thisisthehero(who/whom/that)weareproudof.Thisisthehero

ofwhomweareproud.(who/whom/that)weareproudof.ofwhomweareproud“介詞+關系代詞”引導定語從句Thisisthehero______________

weareproudofwhom/who/that做of的賓語Thisisthehero（主句）_____weareproudofwhomThisisthehero___________

weareproudofofwhom這就叫介詞提前的關系代詞，prep+關系代詞請還原whom在從句中的位置介詞+關系代詞的情況1Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.toin介詞+關系代詞的情況2Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toin×

×可見,who、that不能用與介詞之后Arethesetwosentencesright?介詞+關系代詞的情況3Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.在固定短語中介詞不能提前下面兩句中的介詞能提前嗎?“介詞+關系代詞”引導定語從句關系代詞緊跟在介詞后面時，不能用that，也不能省略，指物時用which，指人時用whom，介詞的選用可根據從句中的相關詞組確定，有時根據句子意義的表達，或介詞與先行詞的搭配。該介詞通常可以放在關系代詞之前，也可放在從句之尾。如何確定關系代詞前的介詞：將定語從句還原：構成兩個搭配，即