專題05閱讀理解（議論文）（解析版）

目錄

1.上海市徐匯區2023年高三試卷

2.上海市2023年奉賢高三統考測試

3.上海市2023年高三“六校聯合教研”調研試卷

4.上海交大附中2023年高三試卷

5.上海市2023年年高三模擬試題

6.上海市進才學校2022年高三試卷

7.上海市復旦附中2022年高三試題

8.上海市嘉定2022年高三試卷

9.上海市嘉定區2022年高三試題

10.上海市2023年高三一模試卷

L【上海市徐匯區2023年高三試卷】

Castingblameisnatural:itistemptingtofaultsomeoneelseforamistakeratherthantakingresponsibility

yourself.Butblameisalsoharmful.Itmakesitlesslikelythatpeoplewillownuptomistakes,andthuslesslikely

thatorganizationscanlearnfromthem.Researchpublishedin2015suggeststhatfirmswhosemanagerspointed

toexternalfactorstoexplaintheirfailingsunderperformedcompaniesthatblamedthemselves.

Blameculturecanspreadlikeavirus.Justaschildrenfearmomanddad'spunishmentiftheyadmitto

wrongdoing,inablamingenvironment,employeesareafraidofcriticismandpunishmentiftheyacknowledge

makingamistakeatwork.Blamecultureasks,“whodroppedtheball?”insteadof“wheredidoursystemsand

processesfhil?"Thefocusisontheindividuals,nottheprocesses.It'smucheasiertopointfingersatapersonor

departmentinsteadofdoingtheharder,butthemorebeneficial,exerciseoffixingtherootcause,sotheproblem

doesnothappenagain.

TheNoBlameCulturewasintroducedtomakesureerrorsanddeficiencies（缺陷）werehighlightedby

employeesasearlyaspossible.Itoriginatedinorganizationswheretinyerrorscanhavecatastrophic（災難性的）

consequences.Theseareknownashighreliabilityorganizations（HROs）andincludehospitals,submarinesand

airlines.Becauseerrorscanbesodisastrousintheseorganizations,ifsdangeroustooperateinanenvironment

whereemployeesdon'tfeelabletoreporterrorsthathavebeenmadeorraiseconcernsaboutthatdeficiencies

mayturnintofutureerrors.TheNoBlameCulturemaximizesaccountabilitybecauseallcontributionstotheevent

occurringareidentifiedandreviewedforpossiblechangeandimprovement.

TheNationalTransportationSafetyBoard（NTSB）,whichsupervisesairtrafficacrosstheUnitedStates,

makesitclearthatitsroleisnottoassignblameorliabilitybuttofindoutwhatwentwrongandtoissue

recommendationstoavoidarepeat.Theproudrecordoftheairlineindustryinreducingaccidentspartlyreflects

no-blameprocessesforinvestigatingcrashesandclosecalls.Themotivetolearnfromerrorsalsoexistwhenthe

risksarelower.Thatiswhysoftwareengineersanddevelopersroutinelyinvestigatewhatwentwrongifawebsite

crashesoraservergoesdown.

Thereisanobviousworryaboutembracingblamelessness.Whatifthewebsitekeepscrashingandthesame

personisatfault?Sometimes,afterall,blameisdeserved.Theideaofthe'justculture”,aframeworkdeveloped

inthe1990sbyJamesReason,apsychologist,addressestheconcernthattheincompetentandthemalevolent（惡

意的）willbeletoffthehook.ThelinethatBritain'saviationregulatordrawsbetweenhonesterrorsandtheother

sortisagoodstarting-point.Itpromisesacultureinwhichpeople“arenotpunishedforactionsordecisionstaken

bythemthatarecommensuratewiththeirexperienceandtraining”.Thatnarrowsroomforblamebutdoesnot

removeitentirely.

1.Accordingtotheresearchpublishedin2015,companiesthathadbetterperformance.

A.blamedexternalfactorsB.owneduptomistakes

C.conductedinvestigationsD.admittedfailures

2.Accordingtothepassage,theNoBlameCulture.

A.encouragestheearlydisclosureoferrors

B.onlyexistsinhighreliabilityorganizations

C.enablespeopletoshifttheblameontoothers

D.preventsorganizationstolearnfromerrors

3.Whatisthemajorconcernaboutembracingblamelessnessaccordingtothepassage?

A.Innocentpeoplemighttaketheblamebyadmittingtheirfailure.

B,Beingblamedformistakescandestroytrustinemployees.

C.Thelinebetweenhonesterrorsandtheothersortisnotclear.

D.Peoplewon'tlearntheirlessonsiftheyaren'tblamedforfailures.

4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.WhyWeFailtoLeamfromOurOwnMistakes

B.HowtoAvoidDisastrousErrorsinOrganizations

C.WhyWeShouldStoptheBlameGameatWork

D.HowtoDealwithWorkplaceBlameCulture

【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.C

【導語】這是一篇議論文。主要論述了職場中“責怪文化”的弊端及引進“不責怪”文化的好處及擔憂。

1.細節理解題。根據第一段最后一句"Researchpublishedin2015suggeststhatfirmswhosemanagerspointed

toexternalfactorstoexplaintheirfailingsunderperformedcompaniesthatblamedthemselves.^^（2015年發表的

一項研究表明，那些經理把失敗歸咎于外部因素的公司，其表現不如那些把失敗歸咎于自己的公司。）可

知，把失敗原因歸咎于自身即承認自身錯誤的公司比把失敗歸咎于外部因素的公司表現得好。故選B項。

2.細節理解題。根據第三段笫一句"TheNoBlameCulturewasintroducedtomakesureerrorsanddeficiencies

（缺陷）werehighlightedbyemployeesasearlyaspossible.（引入“不責怪文化“，確保員工盡早指出錯誤和不

足。）可知，“不責怪文化''可以鼓勵員工盡早揭露錯誤和不足。故選A項。

3.細節理解題。根據最后一段前兩句"Thereisanobviousworryaboutembracingblamelessness.Whatifthe

websitekeepscrashingandthesamepersonisatfault?Sometimes,afterall,blameisdeserved.^^（對于擁護“不責

怪文化”也存在明顯的擔憂。如果網站一直崩潰，而罪魁禍首是同一個人，該怎么辦？畢竟，有時候，被

責備是罪有應得。）可知，如果對于錯誤不再指責，有些人可能會不斷地犯同樣的錯誤，無法吸取教訓。

故選D項。

4.主旨大意題。根據第一段第二句"Butblameisalsoharmful.Itmakesitlesslikelythatpeoplewillownupto

mistakes,andthuslesslikelythatorganizationscanlearnfromthem.''（但是責備也是有害的。這使得人們不太

可能承認錯誤，因此組織也不太可能從中吸取教訓o）及第二段第一句"Blameculturecanspreadlikeavirus."

（責備就像病毒一樣傳播。）可知文章前兩段主要論述了職場中“責怪文化”的弊端，并結合下文對“不責怪

文化”好處的論述可知，文章主要分析了職場中應該停止“責怪文化”的原因，并引進“不責怪文化”，C項”為

什么我們應該停止工作中的指責文化”適合做文章標題。故選C項。

2.【上海市2023年奉賢高三統考測試】

My21-year-oldniece,asecond-yearundergraduate,mentionedthatshewatchesvideolecturesofflineat

twicethenormalspeed.Struckbythis,IaskedsomeotherstudentsIknow.Manynowroutinelyspeeduptheir

lectureswhenlearningoffline—oftenby1.5times,sometimesbyevenmore.Speedlearningisnotforeveryone,

buttherearewebsiteswherestudentsdiscusshowodditwillbeoncetheyreturntothelecturetheatre.One

contributorwrote:"Normalspeednowsoundslikedrunkspeed.”

EducationwasadaptingtothedigitalworldlongbeforeCovid-19but,aswithsomanyotherhuman

activities,thepandemichasgivenlearningahugepushtowardsthevirtual.Overnight,schoolsanduniversities

closedandteachersandstudentshadtofindwaystodowhattheydoonlyviatheinternet.4tThisisatimefor

schoolsandsystemstoreimagineeducationwithoutschoolingorclassrooms,saysProfessorYongZhao.DrJim

WatterstoninAustraliathinksthat,whilethetraditionalclassroomisstillaliveandwell,educationneedstobe

moreadventurousandflexible.Earlierthisyear,ZhaoandWatterstonco-authoredapaperinwhichtheyidentified

somemajorchangesthatshouldhappenineducationpost-lockdown.

Thefirstconcernsthecontent,whichshouldemphasizesuchthingsascreativity,criticalthinkingand

leadership,ratherthanthecollectionandstorageofinformation.46Forhumanstoprogressintheageofsmart

machines,itisessentialthattheydonotcompetewithmachines.”,theywrote,''Instead,theyneedtobemore

human.^^

Thesecondisthatstudentsshouldhavemorecontrolovertheirlearning,withtheteacher'sroleshiftingfrom

instructortosupervisoroflearningresources,advisorandmotivator.Thisiswhereso-called“activeleaming,,

comesinwithagrowingbodyofresearchsuggestingthatcomprehensionandmemoryarebetterwhenstudents

learninahands-onway-throughdiscussionandinteractivetechnologies,forexample.It'salsowherethe

conceptof"productivefailure^^applies.ProfessorManuKapurinarguesthatstudentslearnbetterfromtheirown

orothers,failedattemptstosolveaproblembeforeoreveninsteadofbeingtoldhowtosolveit.

Iftheprogressofthetimesisunabletoholdbackthecomingrevolutionineducation,itseemsunlikelythat

thetraditionalclassroomisgoingtohaveanyluckinitsattemptstryingtoturnbacktheclock.AsLaurillardputs

it,“Ittookaglobalpandemictodrivehomewhatwe'vebeensayingfor20years.”

5.Bygivingexamplesof"speedleaming^^inthefirstparagraph,theauthorwantstoshowthat.

A.digitalworldisdramaticallyreformingthewayoflearning.

B.speedlearningcompletelyreplacesnormalspeedlearning.

C.returningtothelecturetheatreisstrangeafterspeedlearning.

D.educationbeginstoadapttodigitalworldafterCovid-19.

6.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A.Itisessentialforsmartmachinestobemorehuman.

B.Studentsshouldpossessmoreinformationaboutcreativity.

C.Studentsvalueothers'failureovertheirownfailure.

D.”Activelearning^^callsfbrdiversewaysofinvolvement.

7.AccordingtoZhaoandWatterston,themajorchangesineducationshouldinclude.

?learningmode?learningmotive?learningattitude?learningfocus

A.①④B.②③C.①③D.②④

8.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoestheauthormostprobablyagreewith?

A.Speedlearningharmsstudents5learningefficiency.

B.Thecomingrevolutionineducationisirreversible.

C.Teacherswillplayalessimportantroleinthefuture.

D.Thetraditionalclassroomswilleventuallydisappear.

【答案】5.A6.D7.A8.B

【導語】本文是一篇議論文。疫情之后，教育也發生了一些變化。文章認為教育的內容應該有所轉變，而

學習的主動權則應該交給學生。

5.推理判斷題。根據文章第二段“EducationwasadaptingtothedigitalworldlongbeforeCovid-19but,aswith

somanyotherhumanactivities,thepandemichasgivenlearningahugepushtowardsthevirtual.Overnight,

schoolsanduniversitiesclosedandteachersandstudentshadtofindwaystodowhattheydoonlyviathe

internet.（早在2019冠狀病毒病之前，教育在適應數字世界，但與許多其他人類活動一樣，疫情也極大地推

動了學習向虛擬發展。一夜之間，學校和大學都關閉了，老師和學生不得不想辦法通過互聯網來做他們只

能做的事情）“可知，第一段的例子主要是為「引出主題，也就是數字世界正在改變學習方式。故選A。

6.細節理解題。根據文章倒數第二段“Thesecondisthatstudentsshouldhavemorecontrolovertheirlearning,

withtheteacher'sroleshiftingfrominstructortosupervisoroflearningresources,advisorandmotivator.Thisis

whereso-called“activeleaming^^comesinwithagrowingbodyofresearchsuggestingthatcomprehensionand

memoryarebetterwhenstudentslearninahands-onway-throughdiscussionandinteractivetechnologies,for

example.（二是學生應該對自己的學習有更多的控制權，教師的角色從指導者轉變為學習資源的監督者、顧

問和激勵者。這就是所謂的“主動學習''的來源，越來越多的研究表明，當學生以實踐的方式學習時——例

如通過討論和互動技術——理解和記憶會更好廣可知，“主動學習”需要多種參與方式，故選D。

7.細節理解題。根據文章第三段“Thefirstconcernsthecontent,whichshouldemphasizesuchthingsas

creativity,criticalthinkingandleadership,ratherthanthecollectionandstorageofinformation4首先是內容，內

容應該強調創造力、批判性思維和領導力，而不是信息的收集和存儲）”以及文章第四段“Thesecondisthat

studentsshouldhavemorecontrolovertheirlearning,withtheteacher'sroleshiftingfrominstructortosupervisor

oflearningresources,advisorandmotivator.Thisiswhereso-called"activeleaming^^comesinwithagrowing

bodyofresearchsuggestingthatcomprehensionandmemoryarebetterwhenstudentslearninahands-onway

throughdiscussionandinteractivetechnologies,forexample.（二是學生應該對自己的學習有更多的控制權，教

師的角色從指導者轉變為學習資源的監督者、顧問和激勵者。這就是所謂的“主動學習”的來源，越來越多

的研究表明，當學生以實踐的方式學習時——例如通過討論和互動技術——理解和記憶會更好戶可知，他

們認為教育的改變主要應該是在內容和模式上。故選A。

8.推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段"Iftheprogressofthetimesisunabletoholdbackthecomingrevolutionin

education,itseemsunlikelythatthetraditionalclassroomisgoingtohaveanyluckinitsattemptstryingtoturn

backtheclock.AsLauriIlardputsit,“Ittookaglobalpandemictodrivehomewhatwe'vebeensayingfor20

years.”（如果時代的進步無法阻擋即將到來的教育改革，那么傳統課堂似乎不太可能在試圖讓時光倒流的嘗

試中有任何運氣。正如勞里拉德所言，“我們20年來一直在說的話，只有一場全球大流行才能讓人明白。

可知，作者認為教育改革是不可逆轉的。故選B。

3.【上海市2023年高三“六校聯合教研“調研試卷】

Theworldisastage,andnowmenandwomenaren'ttheonlyplayers.AMicrosoftresearcher'sanalysis

usingartificialintelligencetobreakdownShakespeareisagreattrickshowingoffsomeshinysoftware.Butit's

alsoareminderinanincreasinglyautomatedageofwhatexactlymakesushuman.

TheMicrosoftprojectusesnaturallanguage-processingtechniquestomapoutemotionsinWilliam

Shakespeare^text.Thetestisdesignedtopromptpeoplewhoalready（atleastsortof）understandShakespeareto

considerhisworksinnewways,andtohelpthosewhohavetroubleunderstandinghisworks,tobecomebetterin

interpretingtheircomplexity.Romeo,itrevealsincolorfulgraphs,feelseverythingmorekeenlythanhisCapulet

loverJuliet,despiteprevailingstereotypesofstoicmasculinity（斯多葛派的男子氣概）.KingLeartellsastoryof

steadydecline,whereasCoriolanushashighsandlowstosignalitstwistynarrative-drivenride.

Asusefulaneducationaltoolasthissystemmightbe,theBard'sgreatestadmirersmaybeunabletoresist

raisinganeyebrow.Doreadersreallyneedanalgorithm（算法）totellthemthatRomeoiseye-rollinglymopey（無

精打采）orthatthingsgomoreorlessrightforMacbethuntiltheystartgoingverywrong?Isn'titpartofthe

pointofstudyingShakespearetodaythatit'soverwhelmingandforeignuntil,suddenly,it'sfamiliar?These

objectionsmightallbesecondarytoamorepowerfulfear:ThethoughtthatacomputercanreadShakespearejust

aswellaswecanseemstotakethehumanoutofthehumanities.

Therefore,itisreassuringtolearnthat,advancedasmachine-learninghasbecomeandasfar-reachingasthe

implicationsofthetechnologymaybe,Microsoft'stoolthoughtthatTheComedyofErrorswas,well,atragedy.

That'sbecausetheslapstickphysicalityintheplayconfusedit.Algorithmshavetroubledistinguishingfriendly

teasingfromcruelmockery（嘲弄），whichwouldpuzzleanycomputerthattriedtomakesenseofMercutio.

Sarcasmisanongoingcomputationaldilemma.Noneofthisshouldsurpriseanyonewhofollowssocialmedia

siteslosingbattlesagainstracisttrolls,whosetendencytomaskracisminironymakestheirpostsdifficultto

deletethroughtheuseofautomatedcontentmoderationtools.Inthatcontext,algorithmicshortcomingsarea

burden.

BalancingthebenefitsmorehumanlikeAIcouldbringwiththeriskforabuseisatoughtaskfromapractical

pointofview.Fromamorehumanone,however,itcanbehardnottohopethetideoftechnologicalchangewill

rollinslowly.Thosehiddenmeanings,mystifyingrelationshipsandevengroan-worthypuns(雙關)thatbeat

machinesarewhatmakeShake-speareShakespeare.They'realsowhatmakeusus.

43.Inparagraph2,thewritermentionsRomeo,Juliet,KingLearandCoriolanusinorderto.

A.highlightAl'sdifferentunderstandingofShakespeare

B.provethattherearevariouswaystounderstandShakespeare

C.illustratethecomplexityinunderstandingShakespeare

D.showhowtechnologymayhelpusbetterunderstandShakespeare

44.WhydomanypeopleobjecttotheideaofAIreadingShakespeare?

A.BecauseAIcanonlyreadmorefamiliarliteraryworks.

B.BecausereadingShakespeareislikeawalkinthepark.

C.Becausehumanbeingsareamustinliteratureanalysis.

D.Becausecomputersoftenmisinterprethowacharacterfeels.

45.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Itisquiteuncertainwhethertechnologicalchangewilloccur.

B.WeshouldtakeAl'sadvantagesanddisadvantagesintoaccount.

C.ThattheAlwronglyclassifiedTheComedyofErrorsisfearsome.

D.Algorithmsoftenfailtoidentifythetrueintentionsbehindhumanlanguage.

46.Whichofthefollowingbestservesasthetitleforthepassage?

A.InterpretationofShakespeareSuffers-IsThereAnyFix?

B.MachinesCan'tQuiteCrackShakespeare-That'saRelief!

C.ShakespeareNoLongerExistsinAutomation-IsThatTrue?

D.AIRevitalizesShakespeare—WhatanAmazingBreakthrough!

【答案】43.B44.C45.B46.B

【導語】這是一篇議論文。文章介紹了人工智能分析莎士比亞的作品，有利有弊。作者認為我們對于人工

智能要辯證看待和利用。

43.推理判斷題。根據第二段“TheMicrosoftprojectusesnaturallanguage-processingtechniquestomapout

emotionsinWilliamShakespeare'stext.Thetestisdesignedtopromptpeoplewhoalready(atleastsortof)

understandShakespearetoconsiderhisworksinnewways,andtohelpthosewhohavetroubleunderstandinghis

works,tobecomebetterininterpretingtheircomplexity4微軟的這個項目使用自然語言處理技術來描繪威

廉?莎士比亞文本中的情感。該測試旨在促使那些已經（至少在某種程度上）了解莎士比亞作品的人以新的方

式來看待他的作品，并幫助那些在理解他的作品方面有困難的人更好地理解他作品的復雜性）'’以及接下來

的舉例說明可知，有些人對莎士比亞作品有自己的理解，有些人很難讀懂莎士比亞作品，作者舉這幾個例

子說明，在人工智能幫助下，人們可以讀懂或從不同角度理解莎士比亞作品。故選B項。

44.推理判斷題。根據第三段“Theseobjectionsmightallbesecondarytoamorepowerfulfear:Thethoughtthat

acomputercanreadShakespearejustaswellaswecanseemstotakethehumanoutofthehumanities.（與一種更

強大的恐懼相比，這些反對意見可能都是次要的：認為計算機可以像我們一樣閱讀莎士比亞的作品，似乎

將人類從人文學科中剔除）”可以推斷，作者認為，將人類從人文學科中剔除是最恐怖的，人類才是文學分

析中的必需。故選C項。

45.推理判斷題。根據第四段“Therefbre,itisreassuringtolearnthat,advancedasmachine-learninghasbecome

andasfar-reachingastheimplicationsofthetechnologymaybe,Microsoft'stoolthoughtthatTheComedyof

Errorswas,well,atragedy」因此，令人欣慰的是，盡管機器學習己經變得如此先進，而且這項技術的影響可

能如此深遠，但微軟的工具認為《錯誤喜劇》是一出悲?。奔白詈笠欢巍癇alancingthebenefitsmorehumanlike

AIcouldbringwiththeriskforabuseisatoughtaskfromapracticalpointofview.Fromamorehumanone,

however,itcanbehardnottohopethetideoftechnologicalchangewillrollinslowly.（從實際角度來看，在更接

近人類的人工智能可能帶來的好處與被濫用的風險之間取得平衡是一項艱巨的任務。然而，從更人性化的

角度來看，很難不希望技術變革的浪潮會慢慢襲來）”可知，計算機分析文學作品有可能會犯錯，但是人工

智能的發展也是不可避免的，所以我們要辯證地看待人工智能，把它的優勢與不足綜合考量，加以利用。

故選B項。

46.主旨大意題。根據文章第二段的"TheMicrosoftprojectusesnaturallanguage-processingtechniquestomap

outemotionsinWilliamShakespeare'stext.（微軟的這個項目使用自然語言處理技術來描繪威廉?莎士比亞文

本中的情感。戶以及文章第三段舉例人工智能分析文學作品出現了錯誤，和最后一段“Balancingthebenefits

morehumanlikeAIcouldbringwiththeriskforabuseisatoughtaskfromapracticalpointofview.Fromamore

humanone,however,itcanbehardnottohopethetideoftechnologicalchangewillrollinslowly.（從實際角度

來看，在更接近人類的人工智能可能帶來的好處與被濫用的風險之間取得平衡是一項艱巨的任務）”可知，

文章提到人工智能分析莎士比亞的作品，作者感到很慶幸，人工智能分析文學作品出錯，讓人們認識到計

算機也有不足之處，所以我們有機會辯證地看待和使用人工智能。所以B.MachinesCan'tQuiteCrack

Shakespeare-ThafsaRelief）（機器不能完全破解莎士比亞——這真是令人欣慰!），符合作者的觀點。故選B

項。

4.【上海交大附中2023年高三試卷】

TheHappinessMyth

Happinessisnotnatural.Itisamerehumanconstruct.Astateofcontentment（letalonehappiness）is

discouragedbyourgeneticdesignbecauseitwouldlowerourguardagainstpossiblethreatstooursurvival.

Chasinghappinessislikechasinganelusive（難尋蹤跡的）ghost,butthepositivethinkingindustryclaimsto

knowitssecrets.Self-helpwaspopularizedbyNormanVincentPeale,acolorfulAmericanpastor（牧!I市）.He

invented"positivethinking^^,aconceptnowdeeplyembeddedinourcultureandsteadilygrowingininfluence.

Theglobalpersonaldevelopmentindustrywasvaluedat$38.28billionin2019andisexpectedtogrowatarate

of5.1%.

Popularfilmsandbooksarefullofsupposedlyinspirationalstatementsabouthowallyouneedtodois

believeinyourselfandthenyou'llbeabletoachieveanythinginlife.Thisissimply,andobviously,nottrue.I

don'tthinkthereisaneedtoexplainthatmanyobstaclesandmisfortunesinlifeareinevitable,orunmanageable.

Ourancestorsknewthis,andmanyphilosophicalandreligioustraditionsarebasedontheacceptancethatbeing

aliveisaverychallengingtask,whichcomeswithsignificantamountsofsuffering.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatwe

shoulddoallwecantomaximizeoursenseofwellbeingandminimizeoursuffering（asthe"utilitarian”

philosophersexplain）,buttheendresultcannotbeastateofsustainedbliss（極樂）.Wearenotdesignedthatway.

Theself-helpgenreisnotahomogeneous（同種類的）beast,however.Itis,infact,ironichowself-help

booksonhappinessandthoseonhowtomakeitbiginlifeareputtogetherinthesamebookshopshelves,given

thatmanyoftheformertellusthatcaringtoomuchaboutthelatteristhemainobstacletohappiness.

Theinevitableclashbetweenmandatory（強制的）optimismandtherealitiesofourexistencecomeswitha

heavypsychologicalprice.Itcouldbearguedthatpositivepsychologyblamesthosewhoaresufferingfortheir

suffering,asitisbasedonthefalseideathatunhappinessisentirelyavoidable.Itfollowsthereforethatan

unhappypersonmustbeinadequateandincompetent.Positivepsychologyencouragespeoplewhoarestruggling

withaparticulargoaltopersevereinthefaceofunfavorableodds,whichismuchmorepunishingpsychologically

inthelongrunthanacceptingdefeat.Ibelievethatcomingtotermswithlifeasitis,andnotasthehappiness

industrytellsusitcouldbe,willmakeushappier,andwewillfeelmoreatpeacewithourselvesandwiththe

world.Unfortunately,thedevilalwayshasthebesttunes.

9.Whatisauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthefirstthreeparagraphs?

A.Toanalyzehowpersonaldevelopmentindustryworks.

B.Toexplainhowunrealisticitistopursuehappinessinlife.

C.Tocontrastmodempeople'sviewoflifewithourancestors,.

D.Toreviewhowtheconceptofhappinesshaschangedoveryears.

10.Itseemsironictotheauthorthatputtingself-helpbooksonhappinessandthoseonhowto“makeitbig”

togetherbecause..

A.theycamefromdifferentpublishers

B.theyoffercompletelyoppositevalues

C.theirtargetreadersbelongtodifferentagegroups

D.theyarethebest-sellingandslowest-sellingbooksonthemarket

11.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingquoteswouldtheauthormoststronglydisagreewith?

A.Happinessisachoice,andsoissuffering.

B.Happinessisideal.Itistheworkoftheimagination.

C.Happinessisaby-product.Youcannotpursueitbyitself.

D.Thesearchforhappinessisoneofthechiefsourcesofunhappiness.

12.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence"thedevilalwayshasthebesttunes,,mean?

A.Thecoreideaofthehappinessindustryisabeautifullie.

B.Thehappinessindustryhasnegativeeffectsonthesociety.

C.Sufferingcontributesmoretoameaningfullifethanhappiness.

D.Theone-sidedinterpretationoflifeprovedmoreattractivetothepublic.

【答案】9.B10.B11.A12.D

【導語】這是一篇議論文。本文介紹了幸福不是自然的，它只是人類的一種構造，它是一種被基因設計所

抑制的滿足狀態，因為它會降低人類對生存可能受到的威脅的警惕。但是接受現實生活，而不是幸福行業

告訴我們現實生活，會讓我們更幸福。

9.推理判斷題。根據第一段中“Happinessisnotnatural.Itisamerehumanconstruct.Astateofcontentment（let

alonehappiness）isdiscouragedbyourgeneticdesignbecauseitwouldlowerourguardagainstpossiblethreatsto

oursurvivaL”（幸福不是自然的。它僅僅是一個人類的構造。一種滿足的狀態（更不用說幸福了）會被我們的

基因設計所阻礙，因為它會降低我們對可能威脅我們生存的危險的警惕。）可知，幸福僅僅是人類構造的

一種滿足的狀態；第二段中“Chasinghappinessislikechasinganelusive（難尋蹤跡的）ghost,“（追求幸福就像

追逐?個難以捉摸的幽靈）說明幸福是很難尋找到的。第三段中“Itgoeswithoutsayingthatweshoulddoall

wecantomaximizeoursenseofwellbeingandminimizeoursuffering（asthe4€utilitarian^^philosophersexplain）,

buttheendresultcannotbeastateofsustainedbliss（極樂）.Wearenotdesignedthatway.”（毫無疑問，我們應

該盡我們所能最大化我們的幸福感，最小化我們的痛苦（正如“功利主義”哲學家所解釋的那樣），但最終的

結果不可能是?種持續的幸福狀態。我們不是那樣設計的。）可知，生活中不可能是?種持續的幸福狀態。

綜上可知，三段表明人們追求幸福是多么的不現實。故選B。

10.推理判斷題。根據第四段中“Itis,infact,ironichowself-helpbooksonhappinessandthoseonhowtomake

itbiginlifeareputtogetherinthesamebookshopshelves,giventhatmanyoftheformertellusthatcaringtoo

muchaboutthelatteristhemainobstacletohappiness."（事實上，具有諷刺意味的是，那些關于幸福的自助

書籍和那些關于如何在生活中功名成就的書籍放在同一個書店的書架上，因為前者告訴我們太關心后者是

幸福的主要障礙。）可知，關于幸福的自助書籍認為關于如何在生活中功名成就的書籍是幸福的主要障礙，

可得出它們的價值觀是完全相反的，故選B。

11.推理判斷題。根據第三段中“Itgoeswithoutsayingthatweshoulddoallwecantomaximizeoursenseof

wellbeingandminimizeoursuffering（asthe"utilitarian”philosophersexplain）,buttheendresultcannotbea

stateofsustainedbliss（極樂）.Wearenotdesignedthatway."（毫無疑問，我們應該盡我們所能最大化我們的

幸福感，最小化我們的痛苦（正如“功利主義”哲學家所解釋的那樣），但最終的結果不可能是一種持續的幸

福狀態。我們不是那樣設計的。）和最后一段“believethatcomingtotermswithlifeasitis,andnotasthe

happinessindustrytellsusitcouldbe,willmakeushappier,andwewillfeelmoreatpeacewithourselvesand

withtheworld."（我相信，接受生活的本來面目，而不是像快樂產業告訴的那樣，會讓我們更快樂，我們

會感到更加平和，與世界和平相處。）可知，作者認為，生活中存在幸福和痛苦兩種狀態，不可能是一種

持續幸福的狀態，即我們要接受生活本身的兩種狀態。選項A.“幸福是一種選擇，痛苦也是。”與文章的意

義相符，故選A。

12.詞句猜測題。根據最后一段中“Itcouldbearguedthatpositivepsychologyblamesthosewhoaresufferingfor

theirsuffering,asitisbasedonthefalseideathatunhappinessisentirelyavoidable.Itfollowsthereforethatan

unhappypersonmustbeinadequateandincompetent.Positivepsychologyencouragespeoplewhoarestruggling

withaparticulargoaltopersevereinthefaceofunfavorableodds,whichismuchmorepunishingpsychologically

inthelongrunthanacceptingdefeat.Ibelievethatcomingtotermswithlifeasitis,andnotasthehappiness

industrytellsusitcouldbe,willmakeushappier,andwewillfeelmoreatpeacewithourselvesandwiththe

world.”（積極心理學將痛苦歸咎于那些正在遭受痛苦的人，因為它建立在一個錯誤的想法上，即不幸是完

全可以避免的。因此，一個不快樂的人必定是不稱職和無能的。積極心理學鼓勵那些為特定目標而奮斗的

人在不利的情況下堅持下去，從長遠來看，這比接受失敗在心理上更具懲罰性。我相信，接受生活本來的

樣子，而不是像幸福產業告訴我們的那樣，會讓我們更快樂，我們會感到更加平和，與世界和平相處。）

可知，幸福產業的觀點是建立在一個錯誤的想法上，在作者看來，接受生活本來的樣子，會讓我們更快樂，

然而幸福產業告訴我們的并不是那樣。可推知，劃線詞所在句的含義是人們更相信幸福產、也對幸福的解讀，

選項D.“事實證明，對生活的片面解讀對公眾更具吸引力?！狈项}意，故選D。

5.【上海市