必修3unit1過去分詞作狀語觀察以下句子：①Worriedabouthisson’ssafety,hewaitedforhissonoutsidethewholenight.②Givenbetterattention,thetreescouldgrowbetter.③Ireadthenovelunderthetree,absorbed.④Beatenbyhisopponent,henevergaveuphope.⑤Heated,waterchangesintosteam.⑥Shewalkedoutoftheroom,followedbyherdaughter.總結規律：(1)作狀語用的過去分詞(短語)和句子的主語之間有邏輯上的動賓關系，或稱為________關系,過去分詞的邏輯主語都是句子的_______________。(2)句①中黑體部分作_______狀語；句②中黑體部分作________狀語；句③中黑體部分作________狀語。(3)句④中黑體部分作_______狀語；句⑤中黑體部分作_________狀語；句⑥中黑體部分作________狀語。一、過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語，可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式和伴隨，相當于一個狀語從句。其邏輯主語為主句的主語，且過去分詞與主句主語之間構成邏輯上的動賓關系。1．過去分詞作時間狀語時Askedforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.(將過去分詞作狀語改寫成狀語從句)=_________________________________,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.當被問到對教學工作的看法時，菲利普說他覺得它既有趣又有益。Toldaboutthesecret,hefeltveryshocked.(將過去分詞作狀語改寫成狀語從句)=______________________,hefeltveryshocked.當被告知這個秘密時，他覺得很震驚。過去分詞作原因狀語時Absorbedinpainting,Johndidn'tnoticeastrangerapproaching.(將過去分詞作狀語改寫成狀語從句)＝________________________,hedidn'tnoticeastrangerapproaching.因為專注于繪畫，約翰沒有注意到一個陌生人接近。Caughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.(將過去分詞作狀語改寫成狀語從句)=_________________________，hewasallwet.因為被困在大雨中，他全身濕了。3．過去分詞作條件狀語時Usedwithcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.(將過去分詞作狀語改寫成狀語從句)＝_______________________,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.如果小心使用的話，一罐可以用六周。Givenmoretime,Iwillfinishthetaskontime.(將過去分詞作狀語改寫成狀語從句)=_______________________,Iwillfinishthetaskontime.如果有更多的時間，我會按時完成這項任務。4．過去分詞作讓步狀語時Defeatedbyhisopponent,henevergaveuphope.(將過去分詞作狀語改寫成狀語從句)＝______________________________,henevergaveuphope.盡管被對手擊敗，但是他從未放棄希望。Invitedbyhim,Ifailedtotakepartinthepartybecauseofsomethingunexpected.(將過去分詞作狀語改寫成狀語從句)=________________________,Ifailedtotakepartinthepartybecauseofsomethingunexpected.雖然我被邀請，但因為意料之外的事情，我沒能參加晚會。5．過去分詞作作方式、伴隨狀語。相當于and連接的并列句。Sheacceptedthegift,deeplymoved.(將過去分詞作狀語改寫成并列句)＝Sheacceptedthegift,_________________________.她接受了禮物，深受感動。Shesatbythewindow,lostinthought.(將過去分詞作狀語改寫成并列句)=Shesatbythewindow,___________________________.二、過去分詞作狀語的注意事項1.轉化為形容詞的過去分詞有些過去分詞(短語)來源于系表結構，作狀語時不強調被動而重在描述主語的狀態。這樣的過去分詞(短語)常見的有：lost(迷路的)；seated(坐著的)；hidden(隱藏的)；absorbedin(專心于)；dressedin(穿著)；tiredof(厭煩)。____________(tire)ofwaiting,heleftthepartyearly.____________(please)withherperformance,theaudienceapplaudedloudly.____________(lose)inthought,hedidn'thearhisphonering.____________(worry)abouthishealth,sheinsistedheseeadoctor.____________(fascinate)bythehistoryofthecity,theyvisitedmanymuseums.____________(surprise)bythenews,shedroppedherphone.____________(confuse)bytheinstructions,theyhadtoaskforhelp.____________(exhaust)fromthelongtrip,theyfellasleepimmediately.2.過去分詞可用于狀語從句的省略注意：為強調過去分詞表達的意義，可在其前加上各種連詞。如when,while,although,though,if,because等，也叫做狀語從句的省略。狀語從句的省略，即主句的主語與從句的主語一致，且從句中出現be動詞時,此時，狀語從句可以省略主語和be動詞,保留連詞。Whenthestadiumisseenfromthetop,itlookslikeabirdnest.(進行狀語從句的省略)=_________________________,itlookslikeabirdnest.體育館從上方看時像一個鳥巢。Iftheseseedsaregrownintherichsoil,theywillgrowbetter.(進行狀語從句的省略)=____________________________,theywillgrowbetter.如果這些種子種在肥沃的土壤里，它們會長得更好。3．過去分詞的獨立主格結構過去分詞的獨立主格，表示過去分詞也可以有自己獨立的主語，這種結構稱為獨立主格結構，在句中作狀語。Thejobfinished,theywentbackhome.工作完成后，他們回家了。(過去分詞的獨立主格結構為Thejobfinished,即過去分詞有它自己的主語thejob，因為分詞的邏輯主語為thejob，與動作finish構成被動關系，獨立主格結構下應該用過去分詞形式finished。)Herglassesbroken,shecouldn’tseethewordsontheblackboard.眼鏡爛了，她看不見黑板上的字。(過去分詞的獨立主格結構為herglassesbroken,即過去分詞有它自己的主語herglasses,因為分詞的邏輯主語為herglasses,與broken構成系表狀態的過去分詞,即broken為形容詞轉化的過去分詞，獨立主格下應該用broken。)4.過去分詞與現在分詞作狀語的區別過去分詞與句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的__________關系，即表示_____________；現在分詞與句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的___________關系，即表示______________。①_____________(use)foralongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很長時間，這本書看上去很舊。②_____________(use)thebook,Ifinditveryuseful.在使用這本書時，我發現它很有用。注意：無論是現在分詞還是過去分詞，其邏輯主語必須和句子的主語一致。如果不一致，則必須用狀語從句、獨立主格結構等其他表達形式。Whencaughtcheatingintheexam,theteachercriticizedthestudent.×Whencaughtcheatingintheexam,thestudentwascriticizedbytheteacher.√(狀語從句的省略)Whenthestudentwascaughtcheatingintheexam,theteachercriticizedhim.√(含有狀語從句的復合句)Thestudentcaughtcheatingintheexam,theteachercriticizedhim.√(獨立主格結構)鞏固練習：(1)寫出黑體部分所作成分①Theboyslippedoutoftheroom,followedbyhisfather.______________②Refusedbythepany,hewasdisheartened.________________③Seriouslyinjured,hewasrushedtothehospital.______________④Disappointedabouttheresult,hestillworkedontheresearch._______________⑤Enoughtimegiven,wewilldothejobbetter.________________⑥Givenawonderfullecture,westudentsclappedourhands._________________⑦Theoldmanenteredtheroom,supportedbyhisson._______________⑧Hefinishedtheproject,relieved.________________(2)單句語法填空①___________(raise)inthemountainousarea,helearnedtosupporthisownlife.②Children,when___________(acpany)bytheirparents,areallowedtoenterthestadium.③___________(found)intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren'sloveofart.④___________(translate)intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.⑤___________(wound),thesoldiersbravelyfoughtagainsttheenemy.⑥Thegirlopenedthebook,___________(lose)inthought.⑦____________(drive)byhisinterest,herealizedhisdreamofbeinganactor.⑧_____________(confuse)bytheinstructions,heaskedforhismother’shelp.⑨____________(pare)withtheoldmodel,thenewonehasmorefunctions.⑩_____________(tell)ofthedanger,hestillriskedhislifetosavethepeople’slives.(3)句型轉換,將狀語從句轉換成非謂語①Whenitisseenfromthetopofthehill,thetownlooksmorebeautiful.→________________________________，thetownlooksmorebeautiful.②Becausetheyweredeeplymovedbythefilm,thechildrenbegantocry.→_______________________________，thechildrenbegantocry.③Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.→_______________________________，wecoulddoitmuchbetter.④Thepresidentofthepanycametothefactory,andhewasfollowedbysomeworkers.→Thepresidentofthepanycametothefactory,____________________________．⑤WhenhewasaskedaboutthewaystolearnEnglish,hesmiledandgavesomeadvice.→_________________________________,hesmiledandgavesomeadvice.單項選擇1．____________intherushofeverydaylife,theSmithsforgottoappreciatethelittlethingsthatmadethemhappy.A．Lose B．Tolose C．Losing D．Lost2．_____________onfiguresfromsixdifferentEuropeancities，thereportisreliable.A．Based B．Basing C．Tobase D．Base3．________inuseinApril2002,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.A．Put B．Havingbeenput C．Havingput D．Beingput4．ThesocialmediaplatformTwitterfoundthatthelaughingfacewithtearsofjoywasthemostused,________bythecryingfaceandhearteyesemoji.A．following B．followed C．beingfollowed D．tofollow5．I’llspendtheevening______inyourroomwaitingforthethieftoarrive.A．locking B．inlocking C．beinglocked D．locked6．When________aboutthepossibilitythatJustinwastakenbyaliens,DetectiveSamPetersonsaidthattherewasnohardevidenceaboutthis.A．askingB．wasaskedC．beingaskedD．asked7．________withfiercepressureintheircareers,manyworkingwomensaiditwasdifficultforthemtoachieveabalancebetweenworkandfamily.A．Facing B．Tobefaced C．Faced D．Havingfaced8．_____tothenearesthospital,theinjuredboywastreatedwithoutdelayandhasbeenoutofdanger.A．RushB．RushingC．TorushD．Rushed9．InChina,NewYear'sDayisn'tabigmoment______withtheSpringFestival.A．paringB．paredC．topareD．beingpared10．Unless________tospeak,mosthighschoolstudentsherepreferremainingsilent