Unit5ThepowerofnatureGrammar—the－ingForm教案TeachingaimsEnablethestudentstomasterthev-ingformusedasanadverbialTeachingimportant&difficultpointsHowtoenablethestudentstoknowv-ingformusedasanadverbialTeachingaidstaperecorder,slidesTeachingproceduresStep1LeadinExaminethesentencesbelowandtellthesimilarityanddifferencebetweenthesetwosentences.Lookingcarefullyattheground,Imademywaytotheedgeofthecrater.HavingexperiencedquiteafewearthquakesinHawaiialready,Ididn’ttakemynotice.The–ingformcanbeusedasanadverbialinasentencetogiveinformationabouttime,reasonsorresults.Weusetheconstructionhaving+pastparticipletorefertoanactionthattookplacebeforethetimeexpressedbythemainverb.Grammar–ing形式作狀語一、ing形式作狀語,可以表示時間、原因、結果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。用法例句時間Crossingtheroad,hewasranoverbyacar.Havingdonetheirhomework,thestudentsplayedfootball.原因NotknowingEnglish,hecouldn'tunderstandthefilm.HavinglivedinShanghai,heknowstheplaceverywell.條件Workinghard,youwilldowellintheexam.Turningtotheleft,youwillseethepostoffice.讓步Workingorreading,shealwaysdidherbest.Notbeingarichmanhimself,hehelpedthepoorgenerously.伴隨Thechildrenwentintotheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.Shesatthere,staringattheceiling.結果Hisparentsdiedinthewar,leavinghimanorphan.Thechildfell,strikinghisheadagainstthedoorandcuttingit.二、–ing形式的完成式句型主動Having+p.p.…,主語+謂語被動(Havingbeen)+p.p…,主語+謂語用法-ing完成式所表示的動作發生在句中謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，一般在句中作時間或原因狀語用被動語態-ing完成式所表示的動作發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，在句中一般作狀語用例句Havingansweredtheletter,shewentontoreadanEnglishnovel.Havingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrary.三、學習-ing形式作狀語的用法時,需要注意以下四點:一、與過去分詞作狀語的區別。

一般來說,-ing形式表示主動、進行;過去分詞表示被動、完成。試比較:

The

enemy

fled

in

a

panic,

leaving

behind

a

lot

of

dead

bodies

and

weapons.

Defeated

and

frightened,

the

enemy

fled

in

a

panic.

分析:前一例中的-ing形式短語在句子中作伴隨狀語,它與其邏輯主語the

enemy之間為主動關系;后一句中的過去分詞defeated和frightened表原因,它與其邏輯主語the

enemy之間為被動關系。二、分詞(短語)作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致。如果不一致，必須用獨立主格結構來表示，也就是在分詞前面加上它的邏輯主語。1.Comparingallthegreatpeoplewitheachother,you’llfindthattheyhavemuchincommon.2.Findinghercarstolen,shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp.3.Thetrainhavinggone,wehadtowaitanotherday.分析:前兩例中,-ing形式的邏輯主語均為主句的主語。最后一例中havinggone的邏輯主語是thetrain。三、-ing形式的否定式。其基本結構是:not+-ing形式,無論在完成式還是被動式里,not必須置于-ing形式之前。如:Nothavingfinishedhishomework,theboywasstilldoingitintheclassroom.

四、

-ing形式(短語)的功能有時相當于一個狀語從句。

根據這個性質,我們在使用-ing形式作狀語時,切記不要在前面或后面的句子前用連詞連接。如:

Walking

on

the

fallen

leaves

in

autumn,

so

you’ll

feel

very

comfortable.(×)

分析:如前所述,-ing形式短語相當于一個狀語從句,所以后半句中的連詞so的使用是錯誤的,應該去掉。原句應改為:

Walking

on

the

fallen

leaves

in

autumn,

you’ll

feel

very

comfortable.Exercises請用括號里所給動詞的適當形式填空:1._____(live)inasoutherncityofChina,Ihaveneverseensuchawonderfulsnowview.2._____(notgrow)upyet,you’renotallowedtoenterthebars.3._____(encourage)bythedirector,theactorsperformedwonderfullyintheplay.4._____(Know)allthis,theymademepayforthedamage.5.Thestudentsaresittinginthereading-room,_____(read)allkindsofbooks.二、單項選擇Thegreathallwascrowdedwithmanypeople,_____manychildren_____ontheirparents’laps.A.including;seatedB.including;seating

C.included;satD.included;sitting2._____foralongtime,mostofthecropsinthisareadiedfromlackingwater.

A.BeingnorainB.Therewasnorain

C.TobenorainD.TherebeingnorainHisletter,_____tothewrongnumber,reachedmelate.A.havingbeenaddressedB.tohaveaddressedC.tohavebeenaddressedD.beingaddressed4．"Youcan'tcatchme"Janetshouted,______away.(NMET2005全國卷3)A.runB.runningC.torunD.ran5．MoreandmorepeoplearesigningupforYogaclassesnowadays,______advantageofthehealth