實驗3在交換機上配置VLAN實驗目的了解VLAN基本概念;掌握單個交換機中VLAN的創建及管理的方法;了解生成樹協議（STP）的原理及作用;掌握交換機上（STP）的設置及診斷。原理概述一個VLAN就是一個交換網，按功能、項目、應用等邏輯關系來管理網絡節點，而不必考慮用戶的物理位置。VLAN將廣播域限制在單個VLAN內部，減少了各VLAN間主機的廣播通信對其他VLAN的影響。在VLAN之間需要通信的時候，可以利用VLAN間路由技術來實現。VLAN常常與IP子網相聯系，同一IP子網屬于同一VLAN。如果交換機組成的網絡構成回路，廣播信息就會在網絡中反復傳播，消耗正常的帶寬。生成樹算法（STP）可以用于發現和避免回路，通過停用構成環路的線路，來防止網絡循環的發生。實驗內容配置超級終端，使其與交換機通信；配置兩個VLAN:VLAN2和VLAN3;測試VLAN劃分結果;為兩個交換機配置兩條鏈路，形成冗余回路;查看生成樹協議運行狀態。實驗環境CiscoCatalyst2950（一臺）及CiscoCatalyst3560（一臺），主機兩臺，連接線纜若干。實驗步驟1、配置兩個VLAN，5-6---VLAN210-11----VLAN3switch#vlandatabaseswitch(vlan)#vlan2switch(vlan)#vlan3switch(vlan)#exitswitch#conftswitch(config)#interfacefa0/9switch(config-if)#switchportmodeaccessswitch(config-if)#switchportaccessvlan2switch(config-if)#exitswitch(config)#intfa0/10switch(config-if)#switchportmodeaccessswitch(config-if)#switchportaccessvlan2switch(config-if)#exitswitch(config)#intfa0/5switch(config-if)#switchportmodeaccessswitch(config-if)#switchportaccessvlan3switch(config-if)#exitswitch(config)#intfa0/6switch(config-if)#switchportmodeaccessswitch(config-if)#switchportaccessvlan3switch(config-if)#^zswitch#showvlan記錄結果VLANNameStatusPorts----------------------------------------------------------------------------1defaultactiveFa0/1,Fa0/2,Fa0/7,Fa0/8Fa0/11,Fa0/12,Fa0/13,Fa0/14Fa0/15,Fa0/16,Fa0/17,Fa0/18Fa0/19,Fa0/20,Fa0/21,Fa0/22Fa0/23,Fa0/24,Gi0/1,Gi0/22VLAN0002activeFa0/9,Fa0/103VLAN0003activeFa0/5,Fa0/61002fddi-defaultact/unsup1003token-ring-defaultact/unsup1004fddinet-defaultact/unsup1005trnet-defaultact/unsupVLANTypeSAIDMTUParentRingNoBridgeNoStpBrdgModeTrans1Trans2--------------------------------------------------------------------1enet1000011500-----002enet1000021500-----003enet1000031500-----001002fddi1010021500-----001003tr1010031500-----001004fdnet1010041500---ieee-001005trnet1010051500---ibm-00RemoteSPANVLANs--------------------------------------------------------------------------------More--結果：PCA------PCB是否PING通？2、實驗拓撲：驗證：PCA------PCB是否PING通？將兩臺交換機的port3配置成TRUNK口（中繼接口）switch#conftswitch(config)#interfacefa0/3switch(config-if)#switchportmodetrunkswitch(config-if)#^z(C3560交換機)switch(config)#intfa0/3switch(config-if)#switchporttrunkencapsulationdot1qswitch(config-if)#switchportmodetrunkswitch(config-if)#^z結果：PCA------PCB是否PING通？3、將port4連接，并進行與port3同樣的配置Switch#showspan記錄結果通過上面指令來看看交換機的port4,port3二個端口形成環路時，哪個口是enable的，哪個口是阻斷的?Switch#showspanVLAN0001SpanningtreeenabledprotocolieeeRootIDPriority32769Address0015.f982.df00Cost27Port5(FastEthernet0/3)HelloTime2secMaxAge20secForwardDelay15secBridgeIDPriority32769(priority32768sys-id-ext1)Address0015.f9b1.a280HelloTime2secMaxAge20secForwardDelay15secAgingTime300InterfaceRoleStsCostPrio.NbrType------------------------------------------------------------------------Fa0/3RootFWD19128.5P2pFa0/4AltnBLK19128.6P2pSwitch#showspanVLAN0001SpanningtreeenabledprotocolieeeRootIDPriority32769Address0015.f982.df00Cost27Port5(FastEthernet0/3)HelloTime2secMaxAge20secForwardDelay15secBridgeIDPriority32769(priority32768sys-id-ext1)Address0015.f9b1.a280HelloTime2secMaxAge20secForwardDelay15secAgingTime300InterfaceRoleStsCostPrio.NbrType------------------------------------------------------------------------Fa0/3RootFWD19128.5P2pFa0/4AltnBLK19128.6P2p實驗報告要求描述VLAN配置過程記錄VLAN測試結果記錄在環路下交換機數據轉發及各端口生成樹狀態。[思考題]廣播幀會在不同的VLAN間轉發嗎？為什么?人為地為兩個交換機配置兩條鏈路，形成冗余回路后，網絡仍然連通，沒有環路，為什么？Switch>#vlandatabaseSwitch>enableSwitch#vlandatabaseSwitch(vlan)#vlan2VLAN2modified:Switch(vlan)#vlan3VLAN3modified:Switch(vlan)#exitAPPLYcompleted.Switch#conftEnterconfigurationcommands,oneperline.EndwithCNTL/Z.Switch(config)#interfacefa0/9Switch(config-if)#switchportmodeaccessSwitch(config-if)#switchportaccessvlan2^%Invalidinputdetectedat'^'marker.Switch(config-if)#switchportaccessvlan2Switch(config-if)#exitSwitch(config)#00:52:04:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceFastEthernet0/3,changedstatetodown00:52:04:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceFastEthernet0/4,changedstatetodown00:52:05:%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceFastEthernet0/3,changedstatetodown00:52:05:%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceFastEthernet0/4,changedstatetodownSwitch(config)#00:52:08:%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceFastEthernet0/4,changedstatetoup00:52:08:%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceFastEthernet0/3,changedstatetoup00:52:09:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceFastEthernet0/4,changedstatetoup00:52:09:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceFastEthernet0/3,changedstatetoupSwitch(config)#conft^%Invalidinputdetectedat'^'marker.Switch(config)#int00:52:43:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceFastEthernet0/3,changedstatetodown00:52:43:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceFastEthernet0/4,changedstatetodown00:52:46:%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceFastEthernet0/3,changedstatetodown00:52:46:%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceFastEthernet0/4,changedstatetodown00:52:52:%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceFastEthernet0/4,changedstatetoup00:52:52:%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceFastEthernet0/3,changedstatetoup00:52:54:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceFastEthernet0/4,changedstatetoup00:52:54:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceFastEthernet0/3,changedstatetoup%Incompletecommand.Switch(config)#intfa0/10Switch(config-if)#switchportmodeaccessSwitch(config-if)#switchportaccessvlan2Switch(config-if)#exitSwitch(config)#intfa0/5Switch(config-if)#switchportmodeaccessSwitch(config-if)#switch[ortaccessvlan3^%Invalidinputdetectedat'^'marker.Switch(config-if)#switchportaccessvlan3Switch(config-if)#exitSwitch(config)#intfa0/6Switch(config-if)#switchportmodeaccessSwitch(config-if)#switchportaccessvlan3Switch(config-if)#^ZSwitch#00:57:21:%SYS-5-CONFIG_I:ConfiguredfromconsolebyconsoleSwitch#showvlanVLANNameStatusPorts----------------------------------------------------------------------------1defaultactiveFa0/1,Fa0/2,Fa0/7,Fa0/8Fa0/11,Fa0/12,Fa0/13,Fa0/14Fa0/15,Fa0/16,Fa0/17,Fa0/18Fa0/19,Fa0/20,Fa0/21,Fa0/22Fa0/23,Fa0/24,Gi0/1,Gi0/22VLAN0002activeFa0/9,Fa0/103VLAN0003activeFa0/5,Fa0/61002fddi-defaultact/unsup1003token-ring-defaultact/unsup1004fddinet-defaultact/unsup1005trnet-defaultact/unsupVLANTypeSAI