課時作業28AhealthylifeⅠ.閱讀理解ADoyouliketoflauntyourexpensiveitems?Youcouldfindyourselfwithoutfriends!Scientistsprovethatexpensivestatussymbolsmakeyoulooklesssociallyattractive.ItemssuchasafancycarandaRolexwatchareoftenthoughttoincreaseoursocialstandingandoftenewithahighpricetag(標簽).Accordingtothelatestresearch,however,ithastheoppositeeffectandpeoplewouldprefertobefriendswithsomeonewhoplaceslessvalueonmaterialobjects.“Oftenwethinkthatstatussymbolswillmakeuslookmoresociallyattractivetoothers，”saysStephenGarcia,thestudy'sleadauthorfromtheUniversityofTheresearchersconductedsixstudieswhichassessedhowpeoplepresentedthemselvesandhowpeopleviewedstrangers.Peoplewhochosetowearhigherstatusitemstendedtogetanegativeresponse,butpeoplewantedtobefriendswithpeoplewhopreferredlowerstatussymbols.Thestudytooktheroleoftheluxuryitemtoseeifitwaspossiblethattheexpensiveitemitselfplayedapartinpeople'sreactions.Thedefinitionofastatussymbolchangedbasedonaperson'ssocioeconomicstatus,butthesameeffectofkeepingoffpotentialfriendswasseenregardlessofsocialposition.“Atasociallevel,wemaybewastingbillionsofdollarsonexpensivestatussymbolsthatfinallykeepothersfromwantingtoassociatewithus，”saysKimberleeWeaverLivnatattheUniversityofHaifa.Shesays,“However,PatriciaChenoftheNationalUniversityofSingaporesaidthisdoesnotnecessarilymeanstatussymbolsareabadthing.Shesays,“Ourfindingsrightnowonlyapplytotheformationofnewfriendships.Statussymbolsmaybebeneficialatothertimesandinothersettings,suchaswhentryingtoestablishnewbusinesscontacts.”本文是一篇說明文。研究表明昂貴的身份標志性的物品不一定會有利于提高人的魅力，反而會妨礙人結識新的朋友。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“flaunt”inParagraph1mean?A．Showoff. B．Getridof.C．Giveaway. D．Handin.答案：A解析：詞義猜測題。根據下文Scientistsprovethatexpensivestatussymbolsmakeyoulooklesssociallyattractive.(科學家證明，昂貴的身份象征會讓你在社交上顯得不那么有吸引力。)可知，昂貴的身份標志性的物品不利于交友，而喜歡炫耀的人可能會沒有朋友。故可知畫線部分單詞意思為“炫耀”。2．Whichisthenegativeinfluenceofexpensivestatussymbols?A．Loweringpeople'ssocialstatus.B．Preventingpeoplefrommakingfriends.C．Doingharmtopeople'shealthabsolutely.D．Changingpeople'sconsumptionconcept.答案：B解析：細節理解題。根據第二段中ItemssuchasafancycarandaRolexwatchareoftenthoughttoincreaseoursocialstandingandoftenewithahighpricetag.Accordingtothelatestresearch,however,ithastheoppositeeffectandpeoplewouldprefertobefriendswithsomeonewhoplaceslessvalueonmaterialobjects.(像豪車和勞力士手表這樣的物品通常被認為可以提高我們的社會地位，而且往往價格不菲。然而，根據最新的研究，它有相反的效果，人們更愿意和那些不太重視物質的人交朋友。)可知，昂貴的地位象征的負面影響是會阻止人們交朋友。3．Whomaybemorepopularamongfriendsaccordingtothetext?A．Peoplewhoareveryrich.B．Peoplewithhighsocialstatus.C．Peoplewhokeepalowprofile.D．Peoplewithcharmingappearance.答案：C解析：推理判斷題。根據第四段最后一句Peoplewhochosetowearhigherstatusitemstendedtogetanegativeresponse,butpeoplewantedtobefriendswithpeoplewhopreferredlowerstatussymbols.(那些選擇穿顯示地位高的衣服的人往往會得到負面的回應，但人們希望與那些更喜歡低地位象征的人交朋友。)可知，低調而不喜歡炫富的人會更加受歡迎。BForyearstheItaliancityofVenicehasbeenstrugglingwithafewconcerns.SaintMark'sSquareisoftenflooded.Venice'swaterwaysrequirerepairs.But,byfar,thebiggestproblemistherapidlygrowingnumberofvisitorstothecity.SocityofficialshavedecidedtorequireallvisitorstopayafeetoenterVenice.Themoneywillhelptopayforcleaningandotherservicesthathelptokeepthecitybeautiful.Venice'sMayorLuigiBrugnaroexplainedthedecisiontointernationalmediaduringavisittoRomelastweek.“Veniceisawonderoftheworldandonlyinthiswaycanitbesaved，”themayorsaid.“Thefeeprocesswillbeexperimentalatfirst，”headded.Aone-dayvisitwillcostabout$7.Cityofficialshaveyettodecidewhenthefeecollectionwillbegin.ThemoneywillbecollectedbytransportpaniesthatbringthetouriststoVenice.Thecitywillsetupcamerasforthosearrivinginprivatecars.Andtherewillbefinesforthosewhodonotpaythefee.Students,someworkersandchildrenundertheageofsixwillnothavetopay.Naturally,anyonebornorlivinginVeniceisexempt.Cityofficialshopethiswillpreventtheovercrowdingthatofteneswithlargenumbersoftourists.SomepeoplelivinginVenicesaytheydonotbelievethefeeplanwillwork.LawyerRobertaPierabonsaysitwillbeimpossibletocollectthemoneyfromeveryonewhovisitsthecity.Visitorsarrivefromallsides.Shedoesnotbelievetouristscanbecontrolledandaddsthatshedisapprovesoftheplan.OtherVenetiansliketheidea.Theysayitwillmaketourismlessaggressive.Venetianslovetheircityandknowitwillneverstopappealingtovisitors.Veniceissospecial,theysay,thatitbelongstothewholeofhumanity.由于水城威尼斯的旅游人數暴增，政府決定游客需付費才能進入威尼斯，對于這一決定，人們看法不一。4．WhatisthebiggestproblemthatarisesinVenice?A．Thevisitorboom. B．Thepoorcityservice.C．Thefrequentflood. D．Thewaterwayrepair.答案：A解析：細節理解題。根據第一段中的“But,byfar,thebiggestproblemistherapidlygrowingnumberofvisitorstothecity”可知，威尼斯當前面臨的最大問題是旅游人數暴增。故A項正確。5．Howwillcityofficialsdealwiththebigproblem?A．Byeducatingcitizens.B．Bychargingfees.C．Bydoingexperiments.D．Byturningtothemedia.答案：B解析：細節理解題。根據第二段中的“SocityofficialshavedecidedtorequireallvisitorstopayafeetoenterVenice”可知，威尼斯市官員們決定，游客需要付費才能進入威尼斯。故B項正確。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exempt”probablymeaninParagraph4?A．Askedtostay. B．Permittedtosettle.C．Requirednottoenter. D．Allowednottopay.答案：D解析：詞義猜測題。根據第四段中的“Students,someworkersandchildrenundertheageofsixwillnothavetopay.Naturally,anyonebornorlivinginVenice”可知，學生、一些職工和六歲以下的兒童將不用付費。由此推知，當然，出生或者居住在威尼斯的人也不用付費。故D項正確。7．Whoopposedthefeeplan?A．MayorLuigiBrugnaro. B．AllVenetians.C．LawyerRobertaPierabon. D．Cityofficials.答案：C解析：細節理解題。根據最后一段中的“LawyerRobertaPierabon...Shedoesnotbelievetouristscanbecontrolledandaddsthatshedisapprovesoftheplan”可知，LawyerRobertaPierabon認為游客不會被控制，她還補充說她不贊成這個計劃。故C項正確。Ⅱ.完形填空Lastweek26-year-oldZiontookaseatandputhisfoodonatableataMcDonald's.Hewasintendingto__1__breakfastbyhimselfwhen70-year-oldJane,whoislivingalone,__2__Zion.Thensheaskedinaweakvoiceifshecouldsharethetablewithhim.Zionsaid“yes”__3__.Zionintroducedhimselfandshookthelittlelady's__4__hand.Theydidn'tknoweachother,andtheycouldn'tbemore__5__.Buttodaytheyhadamealtogetherandspentthenext45minutesenjoyingeachother's__6__andsharingstoriesabouttheirlives.Liketheywerefriends,theytalkedand__7__together.Whentheirtimetogethercametoanend,Zion__8__hertohercarandtheyexchangednumberswiththeintentionofhavingabreakfastagainsoon.“Sheissucha__9__woman，”Zionrecalled.“Shementionedmanytimeshowweallshouldloveoneanotherandhowweshouldnot__10__anyonebecauseyouneverknowhowtheirdayisgoingandwhattheyhavegonethrough.”Zionisgladthathis__11__conversationwithJanecouldinspiresomanypeople,buthesaysthatheismostlyjusthappytohaveanew__12__.Hesaysthatheisveryexcitedtosetupanotherbreakfastdate.“I'll__13__trying，”saidZion.“Iknowifwehadforevershewouldhavea__14__formeforeveryday.”Everystrangerhasthepotentialtofosteranewfriendship.Their__15__storyhasbeenpostedonsocialmediaanditmeltsourhearts.NowtheyareInternetfamous.Zion在吃早飯的時候，偶然遇到了70歲的Jane，他們在吃飯期間分享了自己的故事，雙方都非常開心；吃完早飯后，他們互留聯系方式希望再約一起吃早餐的時間。他們的故事讓很多人深受鼓舞。1．A.prepare B．orderC．eat D．finish答案：C解析：根據前一句中的“puthisfoodonatableataMcDonald's”可知，Zion正準備吃早餐。故選C。2．A.invited B．approachedC．recognized D．greeted答案：B解析：根據后文中的“Thensheaskedinaweakvoice”可知，Jane先是靠近Zion所在的桌子，然后開始詢問。故選B。3．A.enthusiastically B．casuallyC．nervously D．anxiously答案：A解析：根據第二段第一句可知，Zion介紹自己，并與Jane握手，由此可以推測出，Zion對Jane的請求的態度應該是積極的，故選A，意為“熱情地”。casually“隨便地”。4．A.delicate B．strongC．wrinkled D．skilled答案：C解析：根據第一段第二句中的“70-year-old”可以推測出，Jane的手應該是布滿皺紋的，故選C。5．A.popular B．differentC．friendly D．admirable答案：B解析：他們一個26歲，一個70歲，彼此并不認識，也完全不同。故選B。6．A.success B．peaceC．freedom D．pany答案：D解析：根據該空前后的內容可知，今天他們可以共進早餐，并且還能分享彼此的故事。由此可以推測出，他們在接下來的45分鐘里，彼此陪伴。故選D。7．A.laughed B．playedC．cheered D．teased答案：A解析：根據該空前的內容可知，他們像朋友一樣，不斷地交談，哈哈大笑。故選A。8．A.carried B．ledC．walked D．drove答案：C解析：根據第一段內容可知，Jane已經70歲了，故在早餐結束后，Zion護送她上車。walk意為“陪伴……走，護送……走”，故選C。9．A.wonderful B．silentC．generous D．content答案：A解析