精品文檔-下載后可編輯文化差異(CultureDifference):社會SocietyTheUnitedStates,likeothercountrieshasitsrichandpoorpeople,itsrichandpoorneighborhoods.Americansloveandmanyarethemselveslivingexamplesofthe"self-mademan."Youwillhearthisexpressionoften.Butforeverypersonwhoissuccessful.Theyareusuallybettereducatedtantheirparentsandthereforemorelikelytohavegood,wellpayingjobs.InadditiontothefactthattheUnitedStatesincludespeoplewhosefamiliesoriginallycamefrommanyotherpartsoftheworld,Americansmoveacrossthenationingreatnumbers.OnestudyreportedthatoneofeveryfivefamiliesintheUnitedStatesmoveseverythreeyears.ThiscontinuousmixingofpeopleintonewcommunitiesisanimportantobservationtoconsiderwhentryingtounderstandthemeaningofclassinAmerica.Wehavealreadydiscussedthequestioning,"do-it-yourself"Americanpersonalitythatisanotherimportantconsideration.Inmanycountries,aman"ssocialclassisdeterminedatbirth.Thatis,hissocialclassorpositionissharedwithhisfamily,hiswidergroupofrelatives.IntheUnitedStates,positioninsocietyis,toalargedegree,personalratherthanrelatedtofamilyorgroup.BeforeWorldWarTwo,familytiesweremoreimportantAmericathantheyarenow.Uncles,auntsgrandparents,andchildrenvacationedtogether,spentholidaystogether,andsawmuchofeachother.ButastheAmericaneconomydevelopedmorerapidlyafterthewar,socialcustomsbegantochange.Withtherapidlygrowingeconomy,therewerenewemploymentopportunities,manyoftheminscientificfields.Theseopportunitieswereoftenlocatedinotherpartsofthecountry.Theyoungermembersofmanyfamilieswhowerewilleducatedbegantomoveawayfromthetownswheretheirfamilieslivedtotalethesenewjobs.Astheseyoungpeoplebecamesuccessful,theyoftenmovedintoanewsocialstratum[1],consistingofotherswho,likethemselves,movedawayfromhometofollowjobopportunities.Thesesamechangesarealreadyhappeninginmostnewcountriesaroundtheworld.Today,amanwhocanreadorfixamachinemaybecomethenewleaderofhiscommunityinplaceofanolderperson.Oftenyoungpeoplecanbetterunderstandthenewsciencesandmodernskills;astheseyoungpeoplelearnandadvance,theirwagesriseandtheybecomeincreasinglysuccessful.Frequently.,itisjustonememberofafamilythatbecomesverysuccessful.Othermemberscontinueworkingattheiraveragejobsandsalaries,withoutmuchchanceofbecomingassuccessfulasthesonordaughter.Whenthishappens,peoplesometimesbecomeseparatedfromtheirfamily.Manyreturntovisit,butothersmoveawaynevertoreturntotheirrelativesandoldfriends.Tomanypeople,successmeanshavingmorepowerthanoneposse

ssedbefore.Itcanbewonthroughskill,knowledge,leadership,orsometimesjustbyhardwork.InAmerica,"success"hasnormallybeeaccompaniedbyanincreaseinwealth.Asaresul