-4-Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero單元要點預覽詞匯部分詞語辨析1.fightfor/against/with2.reward/award3.accept/receive4.since/because/as/for詞形變化1.crueladj.

殘暴的,殘忍的cruelty

n.

殘暴,殘忍2.hopen.v.希望;期望hopefuladj.有希望的,順利的,有前途的hopelessadj.沒有希望的;令人絕望的3.educatevt.教育educationn.教育;教育體制educatedadj.受過教育的;受過訓練的重點單詞1.devotevt.投入；獻身2.votev.投票（決定）；選舉n.投票,選票,表決,得票數3.rewardn.報酬，獎金vt.酬謝，給以報答4.equaladj.平等的；相等的5.advisev.建議重點詞組beinprison在獄中，被監禁outofwork失業,出問題loseheart喪失勇氣或信心重點句子Wewereputinapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,orfighttheGovernment.Onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.重點語法定語從句Ⅰ詞語辨析1.fightfor/against/with【解釋】fightfor/against/withfightfor為……而斗爭；努力爭取fightagainst與……作斗爭fightwith和……并肩作戰，和……打仗/打架/斗爭【練習】用正確的fight短語填空1).Wewillhaveto________difficulties.2).Theytoldtheworkersto_________theirrights.3).DuringWorldWarII,theBritish_________FrenchmenagainstGermans.2.reward/award【解釋】award用作名詞時，意為“獎品”、“獎金”、“獎”;reward作名詞時，作“報酬”、“獎勵”、“報答”講。【練習】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當形式填空1).Thefilm________arepresentedannually．2).A__________wasofferedforthereturnofthepassport．3.accept/receive【解釋】accept(接受)表示主觀上樂意接受。還表示“答應”、“同意”、“認同”receive(收到,得到),表示客觀收到,還不能斷定是否接受。還表示“接待”、“接收”、“歡迎”【練習】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當形式填空I________hisletterofinvitation,butIdidn't________it.4.since/because/as/fortake/haveavoteon對……進行表決 votefor/against投票贊成/反對[練習]用恰當的介詞或副詞填空。1).Thesuggestionwasvotedbyalargemajority.2).Shallwetakeavotethequestion?3).Theissuewasputthevote.4).Wasthevoteorthematter?3.rewardn.報酬，獎金vt.酬謝，給以報答[典例]1).Heworkedhardbutwithoutmuchreward.他工作很努力，但是報酬很少。2).Herewardedmewithaprize.他用一個獎勵來報答我。[重點用法]inreward(for…)作為（對……的）報酬、報答 givearewardtosb.forsth.為……給某人報酬、賞金rewardsb.for(doing)sth.因……報答、獎賞某人 rewardsb.withsth.用……報答、獎賞某人[練習]中譯英1).她的善良沒有得到任何回報。______________________________________________________________________2).她向他報之以一笑。______________________________________________________________________4.equaladj.平等的；相等的[典例]1).Womendemandequalpayforequalwork.女性要求同等工作獲同等報酬。2).Allpeoplearebornequal.人人生來平等。[重點用法]beequalto與……相等beequalwith與……平等[練習]中譯英1).一單位酒精等于半品脫啤酒。______________________________________________________________________2).他們認為，在上帝眼中窮人和富人是平等的。______________________________________________________________________5.advisev.建議[典例]1).Ihaveadvisedyouonthatsubject.在那個問題上，我給過你建議.2).ChristieadvisesustopractiseoralEnglishasoftenaspossible.Christie建議我們要盡可能多練口語.3).Iadvisethatyou(should)noteatfruitthatisn’tripe.我建議你不要吃那些沒有熟的水果.[重點用法]advisesb.onsth.就……給某人出主意 advise+n./pron.建議……advisesb.todosth.建議某人干…… advise(one’s)doingsth.建議（某人）干……advise+(that)sb.(should)doadvicen.建議；意見apieceofadvice一條建議gotosb.foradvice=asksb.foradvice向某人尋求建議；征詢某人的意見giveadvicetosb.onsth.就……對某人提供建議followsb’sadvice=takesb’sadvice接受某人的建議[練習]中譯英1).我建議換個方式。______________________________________________________________________2).我們建議他們應該及早開始。______________________________________________________________________Ⅳ重點詞組1.beinprison在獄中，被監禁[典例]1).Hefoughtfortheblackpeopleandwasinprisonforthirtyyears.他為黑人而戰且坐過三十年牢。2).Hehasbeeninprisonforfiveyearsforstealing.因為偷東西,他曾在監獄呆過5年.[短語歸納]put…inprison=send…toprison=throw…intoprison把……投入監獄Thecarthieveshavebeenputinprison.那些偷車賊都被關進監獄了。[練習]用be,put,send,throw的恰當形式填空。1).Thelawyerfinallythemurdererintoprison.2).Therobberinprisonforseveralyears.3).Thethiefbeggedtheguardfornothimtoprison.4).Lastyear,themaninprisonforstealingacar.2.outofwork失業,出問題[典例]1).Jimhasbeenoutofworkforseveralmonths.吉姆已經失業幾個月了。2).Mary’scellphonehasbeenoutofworkforseveraldays,whichbroughtheralotofinconvenience.瑪麗的手機壞了好幾天了，這給她帶來了很多不便。[短語歸納]inwork有工作outofbreath 上氣不接下氣 outofpatience不耐煩outofuse沒用了 outofdate過時outoforder次序顛倒；出故障 outofcontrol失控 outofdanger脫離危險 outofshape變形Outofsight,outofmind.眼不見,心不煩。[練習]用適當的介詞（短語）填空。1).Althoughmycomputerisdatenow,butit’sstilluse.2).Afterfours’operation,thepatienthasbeendanger.3.loseheart喪失勇氣或信心[典例]1).Hefailedmanytimes,buthedidn’tloseheart.他失敗了許多次，但他并沒有失去信心。2).Nomatterwhatyoudo,neverloseheart.不管你做什么，千萬不要失去信心。[短語歸納]loseone'sjob失業 loseone'sbalance失去平衡loseone'sbreath上氣不接下氣loseone'sheart(tosb/sth)愛上loseone'slife喪生;遇害 loseface丟臉;受屈辱[練習]中譯英1).不要失去信心，一切都會好起來的。______________________________________________________________________2).她喜歡上了一位年輕士兵。______________________________________________________________________V重點句子1.Wewereputinapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,orfighttheGovernment.我們被置于這樣一種境地，或者是被迫承認我們低人一等，或者是與政府作斗爭。[解釋]這是一個主從復合句，inwhich引導定語從句，修飾先行詞position。類似的名詞還有situation,stage,case等，作先行詞時，可用where引導定語從句Canyouthinkofasituationwhereyouoncefeltembarrassed?拓展：介詞+關系代詞which在定語從句中充當時間、地點、原因狀語，相當于關系副詞when,where和why。Heisthebossoftherestaurantwhere（=inwhich）weoftenhavelunch.Todaywhen（=onwhich）theproductwillbeputintousewillcomesoon.Thereasonwhy（=forwhich）hewaslateforschoolwasunbelievable.[練習]中譯英1).你能想起讓你尷尬的情形嗎？______________________________________________________________________2).他遲到的原因令人難以置信。______________________________________________________________________2.Onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.只是在那時我們才決定以暴力對暴力。[解釋]當only修飾狀語位于句首時，句子采用部分倒裝的結構,將助動詞或系動詞提前，放在主語前。Onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.只是在那時我們才決定以暴力對暴力。Onlyyesterdaydidhisfathertellhimthetruth,whichwasabigsurprisetohim.昨天他父親才把真相告訴他,這對他真是個令人吃驚的消息.Onlybyshoutingwasheabletomakepeopleontheothersideoftheriverhearhim.他只有靠大聲喊才能使河對岸的人們聽到他的聲音。[練習]中譯英1).昨天他父親才把真相告訴他,這對他真是個令人吃驚的消息。______________________________________________________________________2).他只有靠大聲喊才能使河對岸的人們聽到他的聲音。______________________________________________________________________單元自測1完形填空閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從21—30各題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。字數：214完成時間：14分鐘難度：**OnKeepingaDiaryinEnglishKeepingadiaryinEnglishisoneoftheeffectivewaystoimproveourEnglishwritingability.Comparedwithotherformsofwriting,itis21andtakeslesstime.ItcanhelpustodevelopthehabitofthinkinginEnglish.Ifwe22tothispractice,gradually,we'lllearnhowtoexpressourselvesinEnglish.InkeepingadiaryinEnglish,wecertainly23upagainstalotofdifficulties.Inthefirstplace,itoftenhappensthatwehavetroublefinding24wordsandphrasestogive25toourmind.Secondly,therearemanyidiomaticwaysofsayingthingsinChinese.Anditisextremely26forustoputthemintoEnglishproperly.Surely,therearesomeother27wemaycomeacrossinkeepingadiaryinEnglish.AsfarasIamconcerned,mysuggestionisthatweshouldalwayshavea(n)28andaChinese-Englishdictionarywithineasy29.Wheneversomethingbeatsus,wecanputitdowninournotebookandthenconsultourdictionary.Wecanalso30toEnglishteachersforhelp,ifnecessary.Inshort,IbelievethatitisofgreatusetokeepadiaryinEnglishforthedevelopmentofourwritingskills.21.A.longer B.shorter C.thicker D.better22.A.insistB.stickC.contribute D.refer23.A.runB.bring C.comeD.turn24.A.approximate B.appropriate C.appreciative D.approachable25.A.ideaB.adviceC.expression D.explanation26.A.easy B.hardC.good D.bad27.A.roadblocks B.methods C.waysD.objects28.A.penB.backpack C.eraserD.notebook29.A.hand B.sight C.reach D.ability30.A.run B.turn C.fly D.oppose2語法填空閱讀下面短文，按照句子結構的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個適當的詞或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡標號為31-40的相應位置上。字數：147完成時間：9分鐘難度：***Socialchangeismorelikelytooccurinsocietieswherethereis31mixtureofdifferentkindsofpeoplethaninsocietieswherepeoplearesimilarinmanyways.Thesimplereasonforthisis32therearemoredifferentwaysoflookingatthingspresentinthefirstkindofsociety.Therearemoreideas,more33(disagree)ininterest,andmoregroupsandorganizations34differentbeliefs.Inaddition,thereisusuallyagreaterworldlyinterestandgreatertolerancein35(mix)societies.36thesefactorstendtopromotesocialchangebyopeningmoreareasoflifetodecision.Inasocietywherepeoplearequitesimilarinmanyways,thereare37(few)occasionsforpeopletoseetheneedortheopportunityforchangebecause38seemstobethesame.And39conditionsmaynotbesatisfactory,40areatleastcustomaryanddoubtless.3閱讀理解詞數：308難度：**時間：6分鐘Electricaldevices(儀器)couldsoonusepowermadebyhumanenergy.Scientistssaytheyhavedevelopedanexperimentaldevicethatproduceselectricityfromthephysicalmovementofapersonwalking.BritishscientistMaxDonelanandotherscientistsinCanadaandtheUnitedStatesdevelopedthedevice.Thedeviceconnectstoaperson'sknee.Asthepersonwalks,thedevicecapturesenergyeachtimethepersonslowsdown.Todothis,thedevicehelpswiththeslowingdownmovementoftheleg.Themovementsofthewalkingpersonpushpartsofasmallmachinethatproduceselectricity.Usingthedevice,anadultwalkingquicklycouldproducethirteenwattsofelectricityinjustaminute.Donelansayswalkingatthatspeedcouldproduceenoughpowertooperatealaptopcomputerforsixminutes.Thereareseveralpossibleusesforthedevice.Developerssayitcouldhelppeoplewhoworkinareaswithoutelectricitytooperatesmallcomputers.Thedevicecouldalsobeusedinhospitalstooperateheartpacemakers(起搏器).Itcouldevenbeusedtoassistinthemovementofroboticarmsandlegs.Theexperimentalversionofthedeviceweighsaboutoneandahalfkilograms,butitistoocostlyformostpeopletobuy.Buttheresearchershopetomakealighter,lesscostlyversion.Animprovedversionshouldbereadyinoneyear.Thedevelopershopethedevicewillonedayhelpdevelopingcountries.Nearlytwenty-fivepercentofpeoplearoundtheworldlivewithoutelectricpower.Asimilarproductwasinventedin2005byLarryRomeoftheUniversityofPennsylvania.Hecreatedabagcarriedonaperson'sbackthatalsoproducespowerfromwalking.Thekneedevicedoesnotproduceasmuchelectricityasthebag.Butthebagrequiresthewalkertocarryaloadoftwentytothirtykilograms.41.Thesecondparagraphmainlytalksabout_______. A.whodevelopedthedevice B.howthedeviceworks C.severalpossibleusesforthedevices D.howmuchelectricitythedevicecanproduce42.Whatisthedisadvantageoftheexperimentalversionofthedevice?A.Itistooheavyforthewalkertobear.B.Itistoocomplexforpeopletouse.C.Itwillslowdownone'swalkingspeed.D.Itistoodearformostpeopletoafford.43.ComparedwiththedevicedesignedbyLarryRome,thisnewdevice_______.A.producespowerwithoutaddingmoreloadstothewalkerB.canproducemorepowerinamuchshortertimeC.needstobeequippedwithabatteryD.canhelpthewalkerwalkfaster44.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthattheelectricaldevicecan_______.A.helphousewivesoperatethemicro-waveovenB.makeitmucheasierforustogoonlineC.producemoreelectricitythanthatinventedbyLarryRomeD.beappliedinmedicinetooperateheartpacemakers45.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.FirstdevicepoweredbywalkingwillsoonbeonthemarketB.AdvancedtechnologybringsinanewwaytooperateheartpacemakersC.DevicegivesnewmeaningtotheideaofpowerwalkingD.HumanenergywillbecomeamainsourceofelectricityUnit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero答案Ⅰ詞語辨析1.fightfor/against/withKeys: 1).fightagainst 2).fightfor3).foughtwith2.reward/awardKeys: 1).awards 2).reward 3.accept/receiveKeys: received…accept 4.since/because/as/forKeys:1).because 2).Since3).As4).forII詞性變化Keys:1)educated 2)educate 3)education 4)hopeful 5)hopes 6)hopeless 7)cruel 8)crueltyⅢ重點詞匯1.devotevt.投入；獻身[練習]中譯英Keys:1).Sheisdevotedtoherchildren. 2).Weshoulddevotealloureffortstoourtasks.2.votev.投票（決定）；選舉n.投票,選票,表決,得票數Keys:1).through2).on3).to4).for;against3.rewardn.報酬，獎金vt.酬謝，給以報答[練習]中譯英Keys:1).Shegotnothinginrewardforherkindness. 2).Sherewardedhimwithasmile.4.equaladj.平等的；相等的Keys:1).Oneunitofalcoholisequaltohalfapintofbeer.2).TheybelievethatinthesightofGodthepoorareequalwiththerich.5.advisev.建議[練習]中譯英Keys:1). I'dadvisetakingadifferentapproach. 2).Weadvisedthattheyshouldstartearly/advisedthemtostartearly.Ⅳ重點詞組1.beinprison在獄中，被監禁Keys:1).threw2).hasbeen3).sending4).wasput2.outofwork失業,出問題Keys:1).outof;in2).outof3.loseheart喪失勇氣或信心[練習]中譯英Keys:1).Don’tloseheart,allwillturnoutwell.2).Shelostherhearttoayoungsoldier.V重點句子1.Wewereputinapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,orfighttheGovernment.[練習]中譯英Keys:1).Canyouthinkofasituationwhereyouoncefeltembarrassed?2).Thereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewaslateforschoolwasunbelievable.2.Onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.只是在那時我們才決定以暴力對暴力。[練習]中譯英Keys:1).Onlyyesterdaydidhisfathertellhimthetruth,whichwasabigsurprisetohim.2).Onlybyshoutingwasheabletomakepeopleontheothersideoftheriverhearhim.單元自測1完形填空答案：21．B．下文提到需要更少的時間，所以應該是比較短而不是更長或者更厚，這里沒有比較質量問題，所以不可能是“更好”。22．B．考察動