Halloween!

萬圣節(jié)的由來HalloweenHalloweenisaholidaycelebratedonOctober31intheUSA,Canada,England,Ireland,Scotland,Mexico,LatinAmerica,andSpain.

Halloweendatesbacktotheancient

CelticfestivalofSamhain(pronouncedsow-in).

TheCelticpeopleslivedover2,000yearsagointheareathatisnowIreland,theUnited

Kingdom,andNorthernFrance.

在2000多年前的愛爾蘭地區(qū)及法國北部，住著一群凱爾特人，而萬圣節(jié)就是起源于古塞爾特人的一個(gè)叫做Samhain的節(jié)慶。FortheCelticpeoples,theNewYearwascelebratedonNovember1stofeveryyear.ThisdatemarkedtheendofSummerandthebeginningofWinter.

FortheCelticpeoples,theNewYearwascelebratedonNovember1stofeveryyear.ThisdatemarkedtheendofSummerandthebeginningofWinter.

Thistimeofyearwasoftenassociatedwithhumandeath.凱爾特人選在每年11月1日慶祝新年，正值夏天結(jié)束，冬天剛開始的時(shí)節(jié)多半讓人聯(lián)想到黑暗的死亡。

TheCeltsbelievedthatonthenightbeforethenewyear,theboundarybetweentheworldsofthelivingandthedeadbecameblurredasthedeadsearchedfortheafterlife.

Thus,onthenightofOctober31st,theycelebratedSamhain,whenitwasbelievedthattheghostsofthedeadreturnedtoEarthtocausemischiefandtrouble.

凱爾特人相信在新年的前一晚，陰間和陽間的大門不再門禁森嚴(yán)，此時(shí)陰間的鬼魂會趁機(jī)跑出來，為陽間的人們帶來厄運(yùn)。所以，在十月三十一日晚上，凱爾特人會慶祝Samhain這個(gè)節(jié)日，以趨魔避邪。

Tocommemoratetheevent,peoplebuilthugesacredbonfireswhereanimalsandcropsweresacrificedtotheGodsforprotection,andtohelpscareghostsaway.

TheCeltsalsoworecostumestodisguisethemselves,inanattempttoconfusethespiritsroamingtheEarth.

凱爾特人借著神圣的營火，燃燒獻(xiàn)祭的動物和尸體，以趕走可怕的鬼魂并祈求神的保護(hù)。同時(shí)，凱爾特人也會假扮成鬼的樣子，企圖混淆跑到陽間的鬼魂

。萬圣節(jié)的象征物pumpkinlanternmaskghostcostumecandychocolatesharpteeth(tooth)trickortreatJack-o’-lanternJake-O-Lantern

Carvedpumpkinsaretraditionallyknownas“Jack-o-lanterns.”

Traditionally,thejack-o-lanternwascarvedfromaturnip,potato,orbeetandlitwithaburningcandle.Theselanternsrepresentedthesoulsofdepartedlovedonesandwereplacedinwindowsorsetonporchestowelcomethedeceased.

TheyalsoservedasprotectionfromevilspiritsfreedfromthedeadonHalloweennight.InNorthAmerica,turnips,potatoes,andbeetswerenotasreadilyavailable,sothepumpkinwasusedandfoundtobeasuitablereplacement.眾人皆知的杰克南瓜燈是刻在南瓜上，但人們一開始是在蘿卜，馬鈴薯或甜菜上刻燈籠，然后挖空并點(diǎn)燃蠟燭在里面，形成燈籠。這些燈籠代表著過世的親友，并被放置在窗邊或門廊上，以歡迎他們回來。他們也被視為可趨魔避邪的象征。在北美洲，蘿卜，馬鈴薯和甜菜很罕見，因此常見的南瓜就成了非常適合的代替品。Jack-o-lanterns

PeoplehavebeenmakingJack-o-lanternsonHalloweenforcenturies.ThepracticeoriginatedfromanIrishmythaboutamanknownas“StingyJack.”

StingyJackonedayinvitedtheDeviltohaveadrinkwithhim.Notwantingtopayforthedrink,hetrickedtheDevilintoturninghimselfintoacoin,andthenputtheDevilintohispocketnexttoacrossthatpreventedtheDevilfromchangingbackintohisoriginalform.

JackfreedtheDevilaftertheDevilpromisednottobotherJackor,shouldhedie,claimhissoul.

萬圣節(jié)刻杰克南瓜燈的習(xí)俗已經(jīng)有幾世紀(jì)的歷史了。為什么要取名為杰克呢？在愛爾蘭人的傳說中有個(gè)有名的小氣杰克。有一天小氣杰克請魔鬼喝酒，喝完后，小氣杰克卻小氣地不想付錢，所以他就騙魔鬼，要魔鬼把自己變成一枚硬幣，魔鬼變成硬幣后，小氣杰克迅速地把硬幣放在口袋里，和十字架放在一起，以防魔鬼變回原形。之后，魔鬼對小氣杰克發(fā)誓，他絕對不會對小氣杰克報(bào)仇，也保證杰克死了也不會讓他下地獄。這時(shí)，小氣杰克才讓魔鬼變回原形。

Eventually,whenJackdiddie,GodwouldnottakehimintoHeaven,andtheDevil,whohadpromisednottoclaimJack’s

soul,couldnottakehimintoHell.

Thus,theDevilsentJack’sspiritintothenightwithonlyaburningcandletolighthisway.JackputthecandleintoacarvedturnipandhasbeenroamingtheEartheversince.

TheIrishbegantorefertothisghostlyfigureas“JackoftheLantern,”andthensimplyas“Jack-o-lantern.”

到小氣杰克死掉后，上帝不允許他進(jìn)入天堂，而魔鬼曾答應(yīng)過他不會讓他下地獄，所以杰克死后哪都去不了。因此，魔鬼就讓他的靈魂漂泊在黑夜里，只留給他一根燃燒的蠟燭來指引他．從此以后，杰克就把蠟燭放在挖空刻好的蘿卜里，并且一直留在人間嚇人。愛爾蘭人一開始稱之為杰克的南瓜燈籠(JackoftheLantern)，后來簡稱為杰克南瓜燈(Jack-o-lantern)。

SymbolsofHalloween

ModerndayHalloweencelebrationsusemanysymbolstohelpmaketheholidaymoreinterestingSomeoftheseinclude…………現(xiàn)代人用許多東西來慶祝萬圣節(jié)，讓這個(gè)節(jié)日變得更有趣。你知道是哪些東西嗎？

BATS

蝙蝠是其中一項(xiàng)，因?yàn)轵鹬蛔≡趬災(zāi)梗囱ê蛷U棄的教堂或建筑物中，又因?yàn)轵鸪Ａ钊寺?lián)想到女巫或吸血鬼，因此他們被視為邪惡的象征。在傳說中，女巫和吸血鬼可以化身成蝙蝠，又因?yàn)槲鹗俏ㄒ灰环N飲血維生的哺乳類動物，因此蝙蝠常讓人聯(lián)想到死亡或邪惡的儀式。

Becausebatsonlyflyatnightandliveintombs,caves,andabandonedchurchesandbuildings,theyarebelievedtobeomensofevil.

Theyarecommonlyassociatedwithwitchesandvampires.

Itissuperstitionthatwitchesandvampirescantaketheformofabat.

Sincethevampirebatistheonlymammalthatfeedsonblood,theyareoftenlinkedtodeathandoccultrituals.WITCHES女巫因?yàn)闀忝謺潞弥湔Z和壞咒語，人們相信女巫們的能力在10月31日這天會最強(qiáng)，所以讓很多人很害怕她們。幾世紀(jì)以來，女巫的形象改變許多，以前人們認(rèn)為，女巫都是綠皮膚，長的很老，臉上布滿皺紋。現(xiàn)在則很多人認(rèn)為女巫的能力可以是邪惡或具有智慧的。

Witcheswerethoughttobetellersoffortuneandtocastspells,bothgoodandbad.ThisfrightenedmanybecauseitwasbelievedthatthesepowerswerethestrongestonHalloweennight.Theimageofawitchhaschangedgreatly

overthecenturies.

Oncethoughttobeold,wrinkled,greenskinnedhags,manypeopleassociatewitchcrafttoeitherevilorasbeingwise.

Broomsticks

女巫和掃把形影不離已有幾世紀(jì)之久，通常女巫會騎著掃把在夜晚飛行，而她們的同伴黑貓會坐在掃把的另一端陪著她們飛行．會什么女巫會和掃把形影不離呢？因?yàn)樵谌f圣節(jié)那天，通常會下著雨，而女巫們需要用掃把掃掉地上的大水坑，或地上的積水以便行走。

Witchesandbroomsticksgohandinhand.Theyhavebeenassociatedforcenturies.Often,witchesaredepictedridingthemacrossthenightskywithablackcatononeend.

ItisbelievedthatbecauseHalloweenoccurredduringthe

rainyseason,womenusedtheir

broomstickstovaultoverlarge

puddlesandtosweepwaterout

oftheirpathswhilewalking.

Thus,thetwobecameassociated.

OWLS

Superstitionssuggestthat

owlsatethesoulsofthedyingbyswoopingtoEarth.

Owlsscreechesandtheirglassystareareanomenofdeathanddisaster.Theowlisrarelyseenduring

thedayandisassociatedwith

nightbehaviors.傳說中，貓頭鷹會從天空俯沖下來吃掉人的靈魂。貓頭鷹的叫聲和眼神讓人聯(lián)想到死亡和災(zāi)難。再者，貓頭鷹很少在白天出現(xiàn)，也都讓人不得不認(rèn)為他們是屬于黑暗和恐怖。

BLACKCATS

Cats,forcenturies,havebeenconsideredtobespiritualanimalsthathavetheabilitytosensegoodandbadspirits.Westernsuperstitionsdetailthatblackcatsareabletorepresentspiritsorincarnatedhumans,therebylinkingthemtowitchcraft.

Blackisalsothecolormostcommonlyassociatedwithevil.從幾世紀(jì)前，人們就認(rèn)為貓是一種有靈性的動物，它們能感應(yīng)到好或壞的靈魂。西方的傳說里，有一種說法，黑貓是靈魂的化身。此外，黑色也是邪惡象征。

Ghosts&Skeletons

Ghostsareuniversalsymbolsforthedeparted.Skeletonsandbonesaresymbolsofdeathandshortnessoflife.

SinceHalloween’soriginslieasthefestivalofthedead,itseemsonlyfittingthatghostsandskeletonswouldbeused.鬼魂是公認(rèn)的死亡象征﹔骷髏象征死亡和短暫的生命。既然萬圣節(jié)一開始就是一個(gè)鬼節(jié)，當(dāng)然鬼魂和骷髏就理所當(dāng)然成了萬圣節(jié)必見的東西。

Spiders&Webs

Whilemanyculturesfeelthatthespiderandwebrepresent

theweavingoflife,inreferencetoHalloween,theyrepresentdark,spookyplacesandhauntedhouseslongforgotten.很多文化都視蜘蛛和蜘蛛網(wǎng)為編織生命的象征，但在萬圣節(jié)，他們卻象征著黑暗，恐怖的地方或長久被遺忘的鬼屋。

OtherSymbols

OthersymbolsrelatedtoHalloween

includethecolorsblackandorange,

scarecrows,themoon,vampires,werewolves,andthewearingof

masks.

其它還包括了黑色和橘色，烏鴉，月亮，吸血鬼，狼人和面具。

怎樣過萬圣節(jié)呢？

carebaredare

scare

Q1:WhenisHalloween?

Q2:Whatclothesdo

childrenwear?Theywearscaryclothes.whoooo...Fillintheblanks:

Theywearscaryclothes.

They_____

(,)thepeople.scarescarysweetsIt’san_____festival.autumnTheywear_____clothes.scaryTheygotopeople's___________.housesThey______thepeople.scarePeoplegivethem________.sweetsThatnight...Halloweeniscoming...Amy:Iwearthescaryclothes.Sam:Iwearthescarymask.Lingling:Iwearthescar