被動語態被動語態的構成

被動語態由“助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去分詞”構成。人稱、數和時態的變化是通過be的變化表現出來的。現以teach為例說明被動語態在各種時態中的構成。

一般現在時：am／is／are＋taught

一般過去時：was／were＋taught

一般將來時：will／shall

be＋taught

現在進行時：am／is／are

being＋taught

過去進行時：have／has

been＋taught

現在完成時：have／has

been＋taught

注意：區分被動語態與“be+過去分詞”結構

be+過去分詞”并不一定都是被動語態，有時是系表結構。被動語態,動作的對象是主語；當“be

+過去分詞”表示主語所處的狀態時為系表結構，be是連系動詞。be后面的過去分詞是表語，相當于形容詞。其區分辦法如下：

1,

如果強調動作或句中有介詞by引導出動作的執行者，該句一般為被動語態。The

glass

is

broken.(系表結構)

The

glass

was

broken

by

the

boy.(被動語態)

2

，如果句中有地點、頻率或時間狀語時，一般為被動語態The

magazine

is

published

in

Shanghai.。(被動語態)The

door

is

locked.(系表結構)The

door

has

already/just

been

locked.(被動語態)The

shop

is

opened.(系表結構)

The

shop

is

opened

at

8

a.m.

everyday.(被動語態)

3

，被動語態除用于一般時態和完成時態外，還可以用于其他各種時態，而系表結構中的系動詞be只有一般時態和完成時態。

三、被動語態的用法

1

不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執行者是誰。

Some

new

computers

were

stolen

last

night.

This

book

was

published

in

1981.

2

強調動作的承受者，而不強調動作的執行者。

This

book

was

written

by

him.

Eight

hours

per

day

for

sleep

must

be

guaranteed.

四、主動語態變被動語態的方法

1

把主動語態的賓語變為被動語態的主語。

2

把謂語變成被動結構(be＋過去分詞)，根據被動語態句子里的主語的人稱和數，以及原來主

動語態句子中動詞的時態來決定be的形式。

3

把主動語態中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。All

the

people

laughed

at

him.=

He

was

laughed

at

by

all

people.

They

make

the

bikes

in

the

factory.=

The

bikes

are

madeby

themin

the

factory.

五、含有情態動詞的被動語態

含有情態動詞的主動句變成被動句時，由“情態動詞＋be＋過去分詞”構成，原來帶to的情態動詞變成被動語態后“to”仍要保留。

We

can

repair

this

watch

in

two

days.

=

This

watch

can

be

repaired

in

two

days.

You

ought

to

take

it

away.

=

It

ought

to

be

taken

away.

They

should

do

it

at

once.

=

It

should

be

done

at

once

一．選擇填空1.Insomecountries,tea______withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served2.Greatchanges_____inmyhometownsince1980.A.havebeentakenplaceB.tookplaceC.havetakenplaceD.weretakenplace3.Thenewtypeofcarisgoingto______inthreeyears.A.turnoutB.beturnedoutC.hasturnedoutD.havebeenturnedout4.Thewomanmurderedherfriendand______to______.A.wassentenced,deathB.sentencing,dieC.sentenced,deathD.sentenced,die5.－Doyouliketheskirt?－It_______soft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt6.Areyoustillhere?Youwerehereanhourago.Who________for?A.areyouwaitingB.didyouwaitC.wereyouwaitingD.doyouwait7._____toknowProfessorZhang.A.HesaidB.IsaidC.HeissaidD.Itsays8.－Iwanttositatthetablenearthewindow.－Sorry,______already.A.ittookB.ittakesC.itistakingD.ithasbeentaken9.Theletter_______threedaysagoandit______yesterday.A.hadpost,hadarrivedB.wasposted,arrivedC.posted,arrivedD.hadbeenposted,wasarrived10.Hetoldmethatthefinalexamination_______nextThursday.A.isgivenB.willbegivenC.wouldhavegivenD.wouldbegiven三.Correctthesesentences.(改正下列句子)1.Thishousebuilt100yearsago.2.Footballplaysinmostcountriesoftheworld.___________________3.Whydidthelettersendtothewrongaddress?___________________4.Agarageisaplacewherecarsrepair.____________________5.Whereareyouborn?____________________

4.—Where

is

my

shirt,

mum?

—_________.A.

There

is

it

B.

There

it

is

C.

There

is

D.

Here

is

it

5.

—Where

is

your

father?

—Oh,

________.

A.

here

he

comes

B.

he

here

comes

C.

here

does

he

come

D.

here

comes

he

6.The

door

opened

and

there

________

.

A.

enters

an

old

man

B.

entered

an

old

man

C.

did

an

old

man

enter

D.

an

old

man

entered

7.

Now

______

your

turn

to

recite

the

text.

A.

will

come

B.

comes

C.

has

come

D.

there

is8.Often

_____

them

not

to

smoke

here.

A.

we

advised

B.

advised

me

C.

did

we

advise

D.

had

we

advised

9.________

playing

soldiers.

A.

Inside

the

room

were

two

boys

B.

Inside

the

room

two

boys

C.

Were

two

boys

inside

the

room

D.

Inside

the

room

was

two

boys

10.

On

the

wall

_______

two

large

portraits.

A.

are

hanging

B.

hanged

C.

hang

D.

hangs

11._______

who

was

wounded

in

the

stomach.

A.

Among

them

were

a

soldier

B.

Among

them

was

a

soldier

C.

Among

them

a

soldier

was

D.

Among

they

was

a

soldier

12.

Next

door

to

ours

________

,

who

is

no

less

than

eighty.

A.

that

lives

an

old

man

B.

does

an

old

man

live

C.

lives

an

old

man

D.

where

lives

an

old

man

13.She

plays

the

piano

very

well,

______.

A.

so

every

one

of

us

does

B.

every

one

of

us

does

C.

so

does

every

one

of

us

D.

so

do

every

one

of

us

14.You

say

he

works

hard,

______,

and

_____.

A.

so

he

does;

so

you

do

B.

so

he

does;

so

do

you

C.

so

does

he;

so

do

you

D.

so

does

he;

so

you

do

15.

—I

thought

you

women

were

present

at

the

meeting.

—__________.

A.

So

we

were

B.

So

we

did

C.

So

were

we

D.

So

did

we16.I

don’t

think

Jack

will

come

today,

_____.

A.

nor

will

Mary

B.

and

Mary

doesn’t

C.

Mary

will

either

D.

or

Mary

does17.

She

is

fond

of

cooking,

_____I

.

A.

so

am

B.

nor

am

C.

neither

do

D.

nor

do

18.Marx

was

born

in

Germany

and

German

was

his

native

language

.

A.

So

it

was

with

Engles

B.

So

was

it

with

Engles

C.

So

was

Engles

D.

So

did

Engles

19.A

fish

needs

water

and

without

water

it

will

die._______.

A.

So

does

a

man

B.

So

will

a

man

C.

So

it

is

with

a

man

D.

So

is

it

with

a

man

20.

So

absorbed

___the

work

that

she

often

forgot

to

___

her

meals.

A.

had

she

been

in;

do

B.

she

was

in;

make

C.

was

she

in;

take

D.

she

had

been

in

have

21.So

loudly

______

that

every

one

of

the

class

could

hear

him.

A.

did

he

speak

B.

did

he

spoke

C.

spoke

he

D.

he

spoke

22.

_________

his

appearance

that

no

one

could

recognize

him.

A.

Strange

so

was

B.

So

strange

was

C.

Was

so

strange

D.

So

was

strange

23.Not

once

______

their

plan.

A.

did

they

change

B.

they

changed

C.

changed

they

D.

they

did

change

24.

Never

______

such

a

wonderful

place

as

Hangzhou.

A.

are

seeing

B.

had

I

seen

C.

I

have

seen

D.

have

I

seen

25.Seldom

______

TV

during

the

day.

A.

they

watch

B.

are

they

watching

C.

have

they

watched

D.

do

they