四級(jí)模擬測(cè)試題1PartⅠWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledThePopularityofGettingCertificatesonCampus.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.大學(xué)校園內(nèi)各種證書的報(bào)考十分熾熱2.大學(xué)生考證的利弊3.考證面前，我的選擇ThePopularityofGettingCertificatesonCampusPartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.MainEnergiesfortheBodyAbalanceddietisonethatprovidesanadequateintakeofenergyandnutrientsformaintenanceofthebodyandthereforegoodhealth.Adietcaneasilybeadequatefornormalbodilyfunctioning,yetmaynotbeabalanceddiet.CarbohydratesCarbohydratesarearapidsourceofenergy,theyarethebody’sfuel.Thebulkofabalanceddietshouldbemadefromcarbohydrates.Ifeateninanexcessofthedietaryrequirementscarbohydratesareeasilystoredasfatsinthecells,althoughcarbohydrateisthefirstsourceofenergyinthebody.Anaverageadultrequiresabout12,000kJofenergyaday,mostofthisissuppliedbytherespirationofcarbohydratesinthecells.Carbohydratesareusedprincipallyasarespiratorysubstrates,i.e.tobeoxidizedtoreleaseenergyforactivetransport,macromoleculesynthesis,celldivisionandmusclecontraction.Carbohydratesaredigestedintheduodenumandileumandabsorbedasglucoseintocells.Sourcesofcarbohydratessuchasstarcharerice,potatoes,wheatandothercereals.Sugarsarealsocarbohydrates,sourcesofsugarsarerefinedsugar-sucrose,whichisafoodsweetenerandpreservativeandfruitsugars-fructose.Ifthedietlackscarbohydratestoresoffataremobilizedandusedasanenergysource.ProteinsProteinisnotadirectsourceofenergyinthebody,itisusedprimarilyforgrowthandrepairofbodytissueswhileremaininganenergysourceasalastresort.Proteinsfulfillawidevarietyofrolesinthebody.Theyarebrokendowninthestomachandintestinestoaminoacidswhicharethenabsorbed.Thebodycanonlyform8aminoacidstobuildproteinsfrom,thedietmustprovideEssentialAminoAcids(EAAs)whicharesynthesizedintoproteinswhichcanbestructural,i.e.collageninbone,keratininhair,myosinandactinginmuscle;metabolicenzymes,hemoglobin,protectiveantibodiesandcommunicativehormones.Sourcesofproteinincludemeat,fish,eggsandpulses.Thedietneedstoprovide8EAAsasthebodyisunabletosynthesisproteinswithoutthesemolecules.2otheraminoacidsaresynthesizedfromEAAssoifthedietlackstheoriginalEAAstheseothertwowillnotbepresenteither.Phenylalanineisconvertedtotyrosineandmethionineisconvertedtocysteine.Cellsdrawuponapoolofaminoacidsforproteinsynthesiswhicheithercomefromdietaryproteindigestedandabsorbedinthegutandthebreakdownofbodyproteinsuchasmuscle.However,unlikefatsandcarbohydratesthereisnostoreofaminoacidsforcellstodrawon,anyaminoacidinexcessofimmediatebodilyrequirementsisbrokendownintoureaandexcreted.Itisthereforeimportanttomaintainthedietaryintakeofproteineveryday.Ifthebodylacksprotein,musclewastingoccursasmuscleisbrokendown.Ifproteinislackedinadietapersondevelopskwashiorkorwhichiscausedwhenhighlevelsofcarbohydratesareeatentoovercomethelackofproteininthediet.Onesymptomofkwashiorkoristheabnormalcollectionoffluidaroundtheabdomenduetothelackofproteinintheblood.Thebodycannotretainwaterbyosmosisandfluidaccumulatesintissuescausingthemtobecomewaterlogged.VitaminCategoriesVitaminscannotbesynthesizedbythebodysomustbesuppliedbydiet.Vitaminshavenocommonstructureorfunctionbutareessentialinsmallamountsforthebodytobeabletoutilizeotherdietarycomponentsefficiently.Vitaminsfallintotwocategories,fatsolublevitaminssuchasvitaminA,D,EandKwhichareingestedwithfattyfoodsandwatersolublevitaminssuchastheBgroupvitaminsandvitaminC.Vitaminsareknownasmicronutrientsbecauseonlysmallquantitiesarerequiredforahealthydiet,infactfatsolublevitaminscanbetoxicinhighconcentrations,forexamplethebodystoresvitaminA,orretinol,intheliverasitistoxicifkeptinhighconcentrationsinthebloodstream,adoseofmorethan3300mgofvitaminAcanbeconsideredtoxic.WatersolublevitaminssuchasvitaminCandBgroupsvitaminscanbeexcretedintheurineifinexcessinthediet.VitaminsAVitaminAisessentialtotheproperfunctioningoftheretinaintheeyeandtheepithelialtissues.AlackofvitaminAresultsindry,roughskin,inflammationoftheeyes,adryingorscarringofthecornea-xerophthalmia,whichoccurswhenthesecretionoflubricatingtearsisstopped,theeyelidsbecomeswollenandstickywithpus.Mucoussurfacesoftheeyemaybecomeerodedallowinginfectiontosetin,leadingtoulcerationanddestructionofthecornea.Nightblindness-aninabilitytoseeindimlightcanalsooccur.Rodcellsintheretinaoftheeyedetectlightoflowintensity,theyconvertvitaminAintoapigment,rhodopsin,whichisbleachedwhenlightenterstheeye.Rodcellsresynthesisrhodopsin,butifthereisadeficiencyofthevitamin,rodcellscannolongerfunctionandtheresultisnightblindness.Epithelialcellsuseretinoltomakeretinoicacid,anintracellularmessengerusedincelldifferentiationandgrowth.Withoutretinoicacidepithelialcellsarenotmaintainedproperlyandthebodybecomessusceptibletoinfections,particularlymeaslesandinfectionsoftherespiratorysystemandgut.Xenophthalmiaiscommonamongchildrenwho’sdietsconsistofmainlycerealswithlittlemeatorfreshvegetables,thisiscommoninIndonesia,Bangladesh,IndiaandthePhilippines.VitaminsDVitaminD,orcalciferol,isanotherfatsolublesteroidvitaminwhichfunctionstostimulatecalciumuptakefromthegutanditsdepositioninbone.vitaminDactsasahormonewhenconvertedbyenzymesinthegutandliverintoanactiveformof"activevitaminD",whichstimulatesepithelialcellsintheintestinetoabsorbcalcium.vitaminDisthereforeessentialingrowingchildren’sdietstoenablethegrowthofstrongbones.WithoutadequateamountsofvitaminDchildrencandeveloprickets,whichisthedeformationofthelegscausedwhentheylackcalciumtostrengthenthebones.InadultsalackofvitaminDinthedietcanleadtoosteomalacia,aprogressivesofteningoftheboneswhichcanmakethemhighlysusceptibletofracture.VitaminDismadebythebodywhenexposedtosunlightandisstoredinthemuscles,however,iftheskinisrarelyexposedtothesunlightorisdarklittlevitaminDisproduced.FoodssuchaseggsandoilyfishareallrichinvitaminD.VitaminsKVitaminK,phylloquinone,isfoundindarkgreenleafyvegetablessuchasspinachandkale.Itisafatsolublevitaminwhichisinvolvedintheclottingprocessofblood.IntheintestinesbacteriasynthesizeanumberofimportantclottingfactorswhichneedvitaminK.WithoutvitaminKcutscanfailtohealandinternalbleedingcanoccur.VitaminsCVitaminCisawatersolublevitamin,knownchemicallyasascorbicacid.Itisfoundincitrusfruitssuchasorangesandlemons,andalsoinpotatoesandtomatoes.ThemainfunctionofvitaminCistheformationofconnectivetissuessuchascollagen.Itisalsoknowntobeanantioxidantwhichhelpstoremovetoxinsandaidstheimmunesystem.AlackofvitaminCleadstoScurvy,aconditionexperiencedbysailorsonlongjourneyswhentheydidnothavefruitintheirdiets.Scurvycausespainful,bleedinggums.AsvitaminCiswatersoluble,itisnottoxicinhighdosesasitcanbeexcretedintheurine,veryhighdosescanhowevercausediarrhea.VitaminsBBgroupvitaminshaveawiderangeofrolesactingasco-enzymesinmetabolicpathways.Theyarefoundinmostplantandanimaltissuesinvolvedinmetabolism,thereforefoodssuchasliver,yeastanddairyproductsareallrichinBgroupvitamins.DeficiencyofBgroupvitaminsincludedermatitis,fatigueandmalformationofredbloodcells.1.Anadultneedsabout12,000kJofenergyadayfrom________.A.thecellB.therespiringprocessofcarbohydratesC.fatsinthecellD.abalanceddiet2.Carbohydratesareultimatelyabsorbedintocellsintheprocessof_______.A.digestionB.respirationC.oxidizationD.mobilization3.TheEssentialAminoAcidswhichbuildpartofproteinscanbeobtainedfrom______.A.stomachB.bodytissuesC.thebodyD.thediet4.Theultimatecauseofkwashiorkorislackof________.A.proteinB.carbohydratesC.vitaminsD.diet5.Vitaminsarecalled“micronutrients〞inthat_________.A.excessivefatsolublevitaminscanbeexcretedintheurineB.thebodyonlyrequiressmallamountofvitaminsC.adoseof3300mgofvitaminscanbeconsideredtoxicD.thehighconcentrationsofwatersolublevitaminsaretoxic6.Nightblindnessisadiseasenormallycausedbylackof__________.A.fatsolublevitaminsB.watersolublevitaminsC.vitaminAD.innatedisability7.ThemainfunctionofvitaminDistopreventadultsfrom________.A.thegrowthofstrongbonesB.fractureC.aprogressivesofteningofthebonesD.calciumuptakefromthegut8.AlthoughthehumanbodyproducesvitaminDnormally,itfailstodosoifthereisnotenough______________.9.ThereasonwhyvitaminCisseenasanantioxidantisthatitdrives__________outofthebody.10.IfyouareinlackofBgroupvitamins,youshouldturnto_______________.PartⅢListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此局部試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。11.A)SheisgoingtoFinland.B)Shehassomevisitors.C)ShewillvisitFinlandnextweek.D)Shehasjustvisitedhimthisweek.12.A)Tocancelhistrip.B)Togotobedearly.C)Tocatchalaterflight.D)Toaskforawakeupcall.13.A)Saturdayafternoonwastheman’sbusyhours.B)Themanwon’tbeabletoenjoyanap.C)Mr.Smithisanoldfriendoftheman.D)Themanwantedtotakealongnapafterlunch.14.A)Georgewantstochangehiswork.B)Georgeisdoingprettygoodnow.C)Georgedoesn’tlikehiswork.D)Georgeisnotdoingwellwithhiswork.15.A)Thewomanisadentist.B)Thewomanisasecretary.C)Thewomanisareceptionist.D)Thewomanisapatient.16.A)Thewomanknowstheprofessorhasbeenbusy.B)Thewomanknowstheprofessorhasrunintotrouble.C)Thewomanhastroublegettingalongwiththeprofessor.D)Thewomanregretshavingtakenupmuchoftheprofessor’stime.17.A)Atarestaurant.B)Inthefreshoceanair.C)Onafishingboat.D)Inastorespecializinginseashells.18.A)Theywillbuyanewhouseaftertheybuyacar.B)Theywillbuyabiggerhouse.C)Theywon’tbuyanewhousebecausetheycan’tfindabiggerone.D)Theywon’tbuyabiggerhousebecausetheydon’thaveenoughmoney.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Shehasn’tbeengettingadequategrades.B)Shehasn’tbeenattendingclasseveryday.C)Shehasbeencomingtoschoolmuchtooearly.D)Shehasbeenoverloadingherselfwithhomework.20.A)Two.B)Four.C)Six.D)Eight.21.A)Tostayinclass.B)Togetanotherclass.C)Towithdrawfromclass.D)Tomissjustonemoreclass.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.A)Howtocareforpreciousmetal.B)Astandardunitformeasuringweight.C)Thevalueofpreciousmetals.D)Usingthemetricsystem.23.A)Tochecktheaccuracyofscales.B)Tocalculatethedensityofothermetals.C)Toobservechangesintheatmosphere.D)Tomeasureamountsofrainfall.24.A)Someonespilledwateronit.B)Someonelostit.C)Itwasmadeoflowqualitymetal.D)Thestandardformeasuringhadchanged.25.A)Itisasmallamounttopayforsomuchpreciousmetal.B)Itisdifficulttojudgethevalueofsuchanobject.C)Itisreasonableforanobjectwithsuchanimportantfunction.D)Itistoohighforsuchalightweight.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)AtHarvard.B)AtWestPoint.C)AttheCarlisleIndian27.A)Theyheldgrandbanquetsinhishonor.B)Theywelcomedhimwithparadesandcelebration.C)Theygavehimatitle.D)Theymadehimaprofessionalathlete.28.A)BecausesomeonefoundoutthatThorpehadbeenusingdrugs.B)BecauseThorpehadoncebeenanamateurathlete.C)BecauseThorpe’sfamebegantodeclineaftertheOlympicGames.D)BecauseThorpehadbeenaprofessionalathleteatonetime.PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.A)LordSandwich.B)Someinventors.C)ThefriendsofLordSandwich.D)Somescientists.30.A)Tocollectrentsandtaxes.B)Theharshlandagent.C)TheEnglishlandowner.D)Tospeak.31.A)HedismissedtheCaptain.B)Hemadetheword“boycott〞popular.C)Heremovedthepoortenants.D)Heincreasedtherentsandtaxes.PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32.A)Therewereonlygrandparentsandchildren.B)Therewasonefather,onemother,andtheirchildren.C)Thereweremanyrelatives.D)Thereweretwoormorebrotherswiththeirwives.33.A)Thewomenhavemorefreedomandcanshareindecisions.B)Thewomendonothavetobetheheadsofthefamily.C)Thewomen’srelativesdonothelpthem.D)Thewomenhaveallthepowerofthefamily.34.A)Husbandshavetosharewiththeirwivesandhelpthem.B)Olderwomenoftenlivealonewhentheirhusbandsdie.C)Familystructureismorepatriarchalinthenuclearfamily.D)Womenhavetohelpsisters,grandparentswithhouseworkandchildcare.35.A)Theywanttostayhomeanddothehousework.B)Theydonothaveenoughmoney.C)Theyhavetoomuchworkandnotmuchfreetime.D)Theyhavemorefreedomthaninthepast.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes,whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此局部試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。Adeadly(36)_________outbreaksweptthroughasmallcityinZaire,Africalastspring,killingmorethanonehundredpeople.Itwasaterriblesituation.Thekillerwasarare(37)_________thatcausedmostvictimsto(38)_________todeath.Asscientistsrushedtocontrolthe(39)_________,peopleintheU.S.wonderwhetheritcouldattackhere.“Wearefoolishifwethinkitcouldn’tcometoourcountry.Wecanneverbetoocarefulwhenwefacesomedisease,especiallytheinfectiousone.〞saydoctors.Theviruscanbehighlyinfectious.Ifyoucomein(40)?_________withavictim’sbloodorotherbody(41)_________,youcangetsick,too.That’swhatscientistsbelieve(42)_________inZaire.Thehealthcareworkerswhotreatedthefirst(43)_________theresoonfellill,too.(44)__________________________________.InternationalrescueworksbroughtequipmenttoZairesoonaftertheoutbreakoccurred.(45).Onebigmysteryisthatnooneknowswheretheviruscomesfromorwhereitwillstrikenext.Somescientistssaythatthevirusliesinactiveinthecellsofsomekindofplant,insectorotheranimal.Thenitsomehowfindsawaytoinfecthumans.(46)__________________________________.Oncetheyfindthevirus,theyalsohopetofindwaystocombatit.PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.ThenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewordsonAnswerSheet2.Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Womenoftencomplainthatdatingislikeacattlemarket,andapaperjustpublishedinBiologyLettersbyThomasPolletandDanielNettleofNewcastleUniversity,inEngland,suggeststheyareright.Theyhavelittlecauseforcomplaint,however,becausMr.PolletandDr.Nettlewerelookingforevidencetosupportthecontentionthatwomenchoosemenofhighstatusandresources,aswellasgoodlooks.Thatmaysoundcommonsense,butitwasoftendeniedbysocialscientistsuntilagroupofresearcherswhocalledthemselvesevolutionarypsychologistsstartedinvestigatingthemattertwodecadesago.Sincethen,aseriesofexperimentsinlaboratorieshavesupportedthecontention.Butasallzoologistsknow,experimentscanonlytellyousomuch.Eventually,youhavetolookatnaturalpopulations.AndthatiswhatMr.PolletandDr.Nettlehavedone.Theyhaveexamineddatafromthe1910censusoftheUnitedStatesofAmericaanddiscoveredthatmarriageis,indeed,amarket.Moreover,asinanymarket,ascarcityofbuyersmeansthesellershavetohaveparticularlyattractivegoodsonofferiftheyaretomaketheexchange.Theadvantageofpicking1910wasthatAmericahadnotyetsettleddown,demographically(人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方面)speaking.Thoughthelong-colonizedeasternstateshadasexratioofonemantoonewoman,orthereabouts,intherestofthecountrytheoldadage(格言，諺語)“gowest,youngman〞hadresultedinasurplusofmales.Mr.PolletandDr.Nettlewerethusabletoseejusthowpickywomenare,giventhechance.Ratherthanlookingatthewholecensus,thetworesearchersreliedonasampleofonepersonin250.Theythenassignedthemeninthesampleasocioeconomicstatusscorebetweenzeroand96,onascaledrawnupin1950.Theyshowedthatinstateswherethesexeswereequalinnumber,56%oflowstatusmenweremarriedbytheageof30,while60%ofhighstatusmenwere.Asthemenwentwest,then,sodidtheirmarriageopportunities.47.ApaperpublishedinBiologyLettersagreedwithwomenthat.48.Whatisthecontentionwhichisoftendeniedbysocialscientists?49.Althoughtheexperimentssupportthecontention,allzoologistssuggestthat.50.Inthemarketofmarriage,ascarcityofbuyersmeanssellershavetotomaketheexchange.51.Whathadgiventworesearchersthechancetoseehowpickywomenwere?SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageoneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Withthepossibleexceptionofequalrights,perhapsthemostcontroversialissueacrosstheUnitedStatestodayisthedeathpenalty.Manyarguethatitisaneffectivedeterrent(威懾)tomurder,whileothersmaintainthereisnoconvincingevidencethatthedeathpenaltyreducesthenumberofmurders.Theprincipalargumentadvancedbythoseopposedtothedeathpenalty,basically,isthatitiscruelandinhumanpunishment,whichisthemarkofabrutalsociety,andfinallythatitisofquestionableeffectivenessasadeterrenttocrimeanyway.Inouropinion,thedeathpenaltyisanecessaryevil.Throughoutrecordedhistorytherehavealwaysbeenthoseextremeindividualsineverysocietywhowerecapableofterriblyviolentcrimessuchasmurder.Butsomearemoreextremethanothers.Forexample,itisonethingtotakethelifeofanotherinafitofblindrage,butquiteanothertocoldlyplotandcarryoutthemurderofoneormorepeopleinthestyleofabutcher.Thus,murder,likeallothercrimes,isamatterofrelativedegree.Whileitcouldbearguedwithsomeconvictionthatthecriminalinthefirstinstanceshouldbemerelyisolatedfromsociety,suchshouldnotbethefateofthelattertypemurderer.Thevalueofthedeathpenaltyasadeterrenttocrimemaybeopentodebate.Buttheoverwhelmingmajorityofcitizensbelievethatthedeathpenaltyprotectsthem.Theirbeliefisreinforcedbyevidencewhichshowsthatthedeathpenaltydetersmurder.Forexample,from1954to1963,whenthedeathpenaltywasconsistentlyimposedinCalifornia,themurderrateremainedbetweenthreeandfourmurdersforeach100,000population.Since1964thedeathpenaltyhasbeenimposedonlyonce,andthemurderratehasrisento10.4murdersforeach100,000population.Thesharpclimbinthestate’smurderrate,whichbeganwhenexecutionsstopped,isnocoincidence.Itisconvincingevidencethatthedeathpenaltydoesdetermanymurderers.Ifthebillreestablishingthedeathpenaltyisvetoed,innocentpeoplewillbemurdered—somewhoselivesmayhavebeensavedifthedeathpenaltywereineffect.Thisisliterallyalifeordeathmatter.Thelivesofthousandsofinnocentpeoplemustbeprotected.52.Theprincipalpurposeofthispassageisto.A)speakforthemajorityB)initiateavetoC)criticizethegovernmentD)argueforthevalueofthedeathpenalty53.Theauthor’sresponsetothosewhourgethedeathpenaltyforallislikelytobe.A)negativeB)friendlyC)supportiveD)hostile54.AccordingtotheParagraph4,itcanbeinferredthat.A)thedeathpenaltyisthemostcontroversialissueintheUnitedStatestodayB)thesecondtypeofmurderersshouldbesentencedtodeathC)thevetoofthebillreestablishingthedeathpenaltyisoflittleimportanceD)thevalueofthedeathpenaltyasadeterrenttocrimeisnottobedebated55.Thepassageattemptstoestablisharelationshipbetween.A)themurderrateandtheimpositionofthedeathpenaltyB)theeffectsofexecutionandtheeffectsofisolationC)theimportanceofequalrightsandthatofthedeathpenaltyD)executionsandmurders56.Theauthor’sattitudetowards“deathpenalty〞is.A)opposingB)supportingC)neutralD)sarcasticPassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.OnepositiveconsequenceofourcurrentnationalcrisismaybeatleastatemporaryshadowinHollywood’scultureofviolence.Fearfulofoffendingaudiencesinthewakeoftheterroristattack,somemoviemakershavepostponedthereleaseoffilmwithterroristthemes.Televisionwritersaredelayingscriptswithwarlikeandterroristscenarios(劇本提綱).Itisprobablygoodthinking.Mylocalvideostoretellsmenobodyischeckingout“disaster〞movies.Saysthemanager,“Currently,peoplewantcomedy.Theywantanescapefromstoriesaboutviolenceandterrorism.〞Similarly,inthemusicbusiness,there’sarunonpatrioticandinspirationaltapesandCDs.AccordingtoTheNewYorkTimes,theselfscrutinyamongtheseczars(特權(quán)人物)ofmass-entertainmenttasteisunprecedentedinscale,sweepingasidehundredsofmillionsofdollarsinprojectsthatnolongerseemappropriate.Areasonableconcernisthatthismightbeashorttermphenomenon.Oncelifereturnstosomethingmorenormal,willHollywoodreturntoitsbadoldways?TheTimesoffersaglimmerofhope.Theindustry’stitans(巨頭),itsuggests,arestrugglingwithmuchmoredifficulties,longrangequestionsofwhatthepublicwillwantoncetheinitialshockfromtheterroristattackswearsoff.Manyintheindustryadmittheydonotknowwheretheboundariesoftasteandconsumertolerancenowlie.ThisisanopportunityforsomeofustosuggesttoHollywoodwherethatboundaryofconsumertoleranceis,especiallythoseofuswhohavenotyetconvincedHollywoodtoceaseitsdescentintoeverlowerofthedumbnessofouryoung.ThenonprofitParentsTelevisionCouncil,whichmonitorsthequalityofTVprogramming,saysinitslatestreportthattoday’sTVshowsaremorelacedthaneverwithvulgarities,sexualimmorality,crudities,violence,andfoullanguage.Thetraditionalfamilyhourbetween8p.m.and9p.m.,whenthenetworksusedtoofferprogramsfortheentirefamily,hasdisappeared.Theproblemlookslikeitwillgetworse.ThatcertainlylookedtobethecasebeforetheSept.11thassault.OnepreattackNewYorkTimesstoryreportedthatTVproducerswerecrusading(討伐)forscriptsthatincludeeverycrudewordimaginable.Thestrugglesbetweennet-workcensorsandproducers,accordingtothereport,were“growingmoreintense〞.ProducerslikeAaronSorkinof“TheWestWing〞plannedtokeeppushinghard.Hewasquotedassaying,“There’sabsolutelynoreasonwhywecan’tusethelanguageofadulthoodinprogramsthatareaboutadults〞.Myguessisthatalotofadultsdon’tusethelanguageMr.Sorkinwantstouse,anddon’tenjoyhavingtheirchildrenhearit.Atthismomentofcrisisinournation’shistory,thoughthasbecomemorethoughtful,prayerful,andspiritual.Itmaybethetimetotelltheentertainmentindustrythatwewantnotatemporarypauseintheflowoftastelessness,butalongtermclean-up.57.Somefilmmakershesitatetoreleasenewfilmswithviolentcontentbecause.A)theywanttoshowthemselvestobepatriotsB)theyareafraidsuchfilmsmayangeraudiencesC)filmswithviolence