柱塞泵的認知KnowledgeaboutPlungerPump任務4Task4任務描述TaskDescription1某型號龍門刨床需要配備一個液壓泵，要求液壓系統(tǒng)的壓力高，流量大、功率大，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，不怎么占用太大的空間，并且效率高，流量調(diào)節(jié)方便，需要配備一個什么樣的液壓泵呢？并分析出所選泵的結(jié)構(gòu)以及特點。Taskdescription:Giventhatacertaintypeofdoublehousingplanerneedstobeequippedwithahydraulicpumpthatfeatureshighpressure,largeflow,highpower,compactstructure,takinguplessspace,highefficiencyandconvenientflowadjustment,whatkindofhydraulicpumpshouldbeequipped?Analyzethestructureandcharacteristicsoftheselectedpump.圖1-4-1柱塞泵實物圖Figure1-4-1RealProductPictureofPlungerPump徑向柱塞泵RadialPlungerPump2圖1-4-2徑向柱塞泵的工作原理Figure1-4-2WorkingPrincipleofRadialPlungerPump1-柱塞2-缸體3-襯套4-定子5-配油軸1-Plunger2-Cylinderbody3-Bushing4-Stator5-Fluiddistributionshaft柱塞泵實物如圖1-4-1,徑向柱塞泵的工作原理如圖3-4-2所示，柱塞泵由柱塞、轉(zhuǎn)子、襯套、定子和配油軸組成。ThephysicalplungerpumpisshowninFigure1-4-1,andtheworkingprincipleoftheradialplungerpumpinFigure1-4-2.Theplungerpumpiscomposedofaplunger,rotor,bushing,statorandfluiddistributionshaft.軸向柱塞泵AxialPlungerPump31軸向柱塞泵的工作原理1WorkingPrincipleofAxialPlungerPump軸向柱塞泵是將多個柱塞配置在一個共同缸體的圓周上,并使柱塞中心線和缸體中心線平行的一種泵。軸向柱塞泵有兩種形式,直軸式(斜盤式)和斜軸式(擺缸式),如圖1-4-3所示為直軸式軸向柱塞泵的工作原理,這種泵主體由缸體1、配油盤2、柱塞3和斜盤4組成。柱塞沿圓周均勻分布在缸體內(nèi)。斜盤軸線與缸體軸線傾斜一角度,柱塞靠機械裝置或在低壓油作用下壓緊在斜盤上(圖中為彈簧),配油盤2和斜盤4固定不轉(zhuǎn),當原動機通過傳動軸使缸體轉(zhuǎn)動時,由于斜盤的作用,迫使柱塞在缸體內(nèi)作往復運動,并通過配油盤的配油窗口進行吸油和壓油。Theaxialplungerpumpisakindofpumpthathasvariousplungerslocatedonthecircumferenceofacommoncylinderwiththecenterlineofplungersparalleltothatofthecylinder.Theaxialplungerpumpsaredividedintothestraight-axistype(swashplate)andinclined-axis(swingcylinder).Theworkingprincipleofthestraight-axisaxialplungerpumpisshowninFigure1-4-3.Thepumpbodyiscomposedofthecylinderblock(1),fluiddistributionpan(2),plunger(3)andswashplate(4).Plungersareevenlydistributedinthecylinderbodyalongthecircumference.Theswashplateaxisisinclinedatananglewiththecylinderblockaxis.Theplungerispressedagainsttheswashplate(springinthefigure)byamechanicaldeviceorundertheactionofthelow-pressurefluid.Thefluiddistributionpan(2)andtheswashplate(4)arefixed.Whentheprimemoverdrivesthecylinderblocktorotateviathetransmissionshaft,theplungerisforcedtoreciprocateinthecylinderblockundertheactionoftheswashplate,andthefluidsuctionandpressingarecompletedviathefluiddistributionwindowofthepan.軸向柱塞泵AxialPlungerPump3圖1-4-3軸向柱塞泵的工作原理Figure1-4-3WorkingPrincipleofAxialPlungerPump1-缸體2-配油盤3-柱塞4-斜盤

1-Cylinderbody2-Fluiddistributionpan3-Plunger4-Swashplate軸向柱塞泵AxialPlungerPump32軸向柱塞泵的結(jié)構(gòu)特點2Structuralcharacteristicsofaxialplungerpump圖1-4-4下圖所示是一種軸向柱塞泵的結(jié)構(gòu)簡圖。傳動軸8通過花鍵帶動缸體6旋轉(zhuǎn)。柱塞5(七個)均勻安裝在缸體上。柱塞的頭部裝有滑靴4，滑靴與柱塞是球鉸連接，可以任意轉(zhuǎn)動。由彈簧通過鋼球和壓板3將滑靴壓靠在斜盤2上。這樣，當缸體轉(zhuǎn)動時，柱塞就可以在缸體中往復運動，完成吸油和壓油過程。配油盤7與泵的吸油口和壓油口相通，固定在泵體上。另外，在滑靴與斜盤相接觸的部分有一個油室，壓力油通過柱塞中間的小孔進入油室，在滑靴與斜盤之間形成一個油膜，起著靜壓支承作用，從而減少了磨損。Figure1-4-4belowshowsastructuraldiagramofanaxialplungerpump.Thetransmissionshaft(8)drivesthecylinderbody(6)torotateviathesplines.Sevenplungers(5)areevenlyinstalledonthecylinderblock.Theheadoftheplungerisprovidedwithaslidingshoe(4).Theslidingshoeisconnectedwiththeplungerbyasphericalhinge.Itcanrotatefreely.Theshoeispressedagainsttheswashplate(2)bythespringviathesteelballandthepressingplate(3).Inthisway,whenthecylinderrotates,theplungercanreciprocateinthecylindertocompletethefluidsuctionandpressingprocess.Thefluiddistributionpan(7)isfixedonthepumpbodyandconnectedwiththefluidsuctionandpressingportsofthepump.Furthermore,thereisafluidchamberatthepartwheretheslidingshoecontactswiththeswashplate.Thepressurefluidentersthefluidchamberviathesmallholeinthemiddleoftheplunger,formingafluidfilmbetweentheslidingshoeandswashplate.Thefilmprovidesstaticpressuresupporttoreducewear.軸向柱塞泵AxialPlungerPump3這種泵的變量機構(gòu)是手動的。轉(zhuǎn)動手把1，通過絲杠螺母副可以改變斜盤的傾角，從而改變泵的輸出流量。Thevariablemechanismoftheaxialplungerpumpismanual.Tochangetheoutputflowofthepump,thehandle(1)needstobeturnedtoadjusttheinclinedangleoftheswashplatebytheleadscrewnutpair.圖1-4-4直軸式向柱塞泵結(jié)構(gòu)Figure1-4-4StructureofStraight-axisAxialPlungerPump1-泵體2-彈簧3-缸體4-配油盤5-前泵體6-傳動軸7-柱塞8-軸承9-滑履10-回程盤11-斜盤12-軸銷13-變量活塞14-絲杠15-手輪16-螺母

1-Pumpbody2-Spring3-Cylinderbody4-Fluiddistributionpan5-Frontpumpbody6-Transmissionshaft7-Plunger8-Bearing9-pistonshoe10-Slipperretainerplate11-Swashplate12-Shaftpin13-Variablepiston14-Leadscrew15-Handwheel16-Nut任務實施Taskimplementation41通過本節(jié)的學習，為龍門刨床選擇一個合適的柱塞泵，確定其功率、能夠承受的最大壓力以及流量等。1Afterlearning,selectaplungerpumpsuitableforthe