被動語態講解一．被動語態的運用英語動詞有兩種語態，即主動語態（TheActiveVoice）和被動語態（ThePassiveVoice）。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者，被動語態表示主語是動作的承受著。例：Bellinventedthetelephonein1876.(主動語態)ThetelephonewasinventedbyBellin1876.(被動語態)ManypeoplespeakEnglish.(主動語態)Englishisspokenbymanypeople.(被動語態)下面幾種情況要用被動語態：（1）不知道誰是動作的執行者。例如：Amanwaskilledinthehotelyesterday.（2）沒有必要指出誰是動作的執行者。例如：Paperismadeofwood.（3）只需要強調動作的承受著。例如：Englishiswidelyusedallovertheworld.二．被動語態的構成形式1．被動語態的基本時態變化被動語態通常為十種時態的被動形式,被動語態由be＋過去分詞構成，be隨時態的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時態的被動語態形式為：1)am/is/are+done(過去分詞)一般現在時例Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.2）has/havebeendone現在完成時例Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,andwe'rereadytostart.3）am/is/arebeingdone現在進行時例Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere．4）was/weredone一般過去時例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.5）hadbeendone過去完成時例Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompletedinBeijing.6）was/werebeingdone過去進行時例AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.7）shall/willbedone一般將來時例Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.8）should/wouldbedone過去將來時例Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.9）帶情態動詞的被動結構。其形式為：情態動詞＋be＋過去分詞。例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.2.被動語態的特殊結構形式1)有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結構時，可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變為主語，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變為主語的是間接賓語。例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改為Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday./Apresentwasgiventohimbyhismotherforhisbirthday.2)當“動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”結構變為被動語態時，將賓語變為被動結構中的主語，其余不動。例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改為Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.3)在使役動詞have,make,get以及感官動詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作賓語補語時，在主動結構中不定式to要省略，但變為被動結構時，要加to。例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改為Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.4）有些相當于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如“動詞＋介詞”，“動詞＋副詞”等，也可以用于被動結構，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.三、Itissaidthat+從句及其他類似句型一些表示“據說”或“相信”的動詞如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句”或“主語＋be＋過去分詞＋todosth.”。Itissaidthat…據說,Itisreportedthat…據報道，Itisbelievedthat…大家相信，Itishopedthat…大家希望，Itiswellknownthat…眾所周知，Itisthoughtthat…大家認為，Itissuggestedthat…據建議。例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.（＝Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.）四、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義1.英語中有很多動詞如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時，常用其主動形式表達被動意義,主語通常是物。例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.2.表示“發生、進行”的不及物動詞和短語，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主動形式表示被動意義。例Howdothenewspaperscomeout?這些報紙是如何引出來的呢？3.系動詞沒有被動形式,但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表結構中常以主動形式表示被動意義。例Yourreasonsoundsreasonable五、非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義在某些句型中可用動名詞和不定式的主動形式表被動意義。1．在need，want，require,bear等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當于動詞不定式的被動形式。例Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．這房子需要修理。2．形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．（＝Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．）3.動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關系時，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構成主謂關系,不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。例Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．(todo與things是動賓關系，與I是主謂關系。)六、如何將主動語態變成被動語態1．將主動語態變被動語態的基本方法為：①將主動語態的賓語作被動語態的主語；②謂語動詞變為“be＋及物動詞的過去分詞”，并通過be的變化來表達出不同的時態；③主動語態的主語變為介詞by的賓語，組成介詞短語放在被動結構中的謂語動詞之后。（有時by短語可以省略）。2．被動語態的一般疑問句是將一個助動詞置于主語之前；否定句是在第一個助動詞后加not；特殊疑問句的語序為：疑問詞＋一般疑問句。被動語態習題一、單項選擇。()1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．A．arenotkept；willhavetoB．arenotkept；haveC．donotkeep；willhavetoD．donotkeep；haveto()2.---____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．---Yes，italldependsontheweather．A．I'vebeentoldB．I'vetoldC．I'mtoldD．Itold()3.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup()4.Thatsuit__over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost()5.---Doyoulikethematerial?---Yes,it___verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt()6.Itisdifficultforaforeigner____Chinese．A．writeB．towriteC．tobewrittenD．written()7.Ihavenomoreletters____，thankyou．A．totypeB．typingC．tobetypedD．typed()8.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto___.A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.goout()9.Thecomputersonthetable___ProfessorSmith.A.belongsB.arebelongedtoC.belongstoD.belongto()10.---Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?---Oh,excellent.It’sworth___asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread()11Diamond____inBrazilin1971.A.isfoundB.hasbeenfoundC.wasfoundD.hadbeenfound()12Chinese______bythelargestnumberofpeople．A．speakB．isspeakingC．speaksD．isspoken()13.Theboy______togetsupperreadyafterschool．A．weretoldB．istellingC．wastoldD．tells()14.Alotofnewroads______builtinthewestofChina．A．mustB．mustbeC．hasD．have()15.Thisdictionarymustn't______fromthelibrary．A．takeawayB．takenawayC．aretakenawayD．betakenaway()16.Theradiosaysawildanimalzooisto______inourcity．A．bebuildingB．buildC．bebuiltD．built()17.—Yourcoatlooksnice．Isit______cotton？—Yes．It'sShanghai．A．madeof；madebyB．madeof；madeinC．madefor；madebyD．madefor；madein()18.Thismachineisused______theroomwet．A．forkeepingB．askeepingC．keepD．tokeeping()19.Shewasheard_____anEnglishsong.A.tosingB.singC.sangD.tobesang()20.Theseboxesareveryheavy___.A.becarriedB.carryC.carriedD.becarrying()21.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse________andalotofthings________.A.hadbeenbrokeninto,hasbeenstolenB.hasbrokeninto,hasbeenstolenC.hadbeenbrokeninto,stolenD.hasbrokeninto,hasstolen()22.Coalcan________toproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.A.haveusedB.usedC.beusedD.use()23.Nobodylikes__________.A.laughedatB.laughingatC.beinglaughedatD.beinglaughed()24.Takeiteasy.Thereisnothing______.A.toworryB.tobeworriedC.tobeworriedaboutD.toworryabout二．將下列主動句變成被動句1.Thefarmproducesmilk,meat,eggsandvegetables.___________________________________________________________________2.ChinesepeoplebuilttheGreatWalltwothousandyearsago.___________________________________________________________________3.Wemustplantmoretreesnextyear.___________________________________________________________________4.UncleWanginventedanewmachinelastmonth.___________________________________________________________________5.Youshouldcleanandtidyyourbedroomeveryday.___________________________________________________________________6.PeopleinAustraliaspeakEnglish.___________________________________________________________________7.Peoplemaycatchfishintheriver.___________________________________________________________________8.Dalianproducesbigships.___________________________________________________________________9.Farmersharvestriceinautumn.___________________________________________________________________10.Wecanseenostarsintheday-time.___________________________________________________________________11.MrHenryheardastrangenoiselastnight.___________________________________________________________________12.Thenurselookedafterthosechildrenverywell.___________________________________________________________________13.Weshalldiscusstheproblemattomorrow'smeeting.___________________________________________________________________14.ThebossmadeJackworktwelvehoursaday.____________________________________________________________________15.Peoplewillneverforgettheaccident.____________________________________________________________________16.Someonemusttakecareofthechildrenwhenwegoout.____________________________________________________________________17.Theywon'tholdthemeetinguntilnextFriday.____________________________________________________________________18.Theygavehimamedalforhiswonderfulwork.___________________________________________________________________19Hismothertoldhimnottowastetimeonfishing.____________________________________________________________________20FathergavemeatoyatChristmas.____________________________________________________________________21TheynamedthechildTom.____________________________________________________________________三．把下列句子變成主動語態1.SpanishisspokeninSouthAmerica.____________________________________________________________________2.Theplanswillhavetoberevised.____________________________________________________________________3.Allthewordsmustbelookedupinadictionary.____________________________________________________________________4.HasJohnbeencuredofhisheartillness?___________________________________________________________