PAGEPAGE6Unit4Earthquakes能力演練一、語法填空專題訓練（一）巧用派生詞，做好語法填空。◆技巧點撥英語中有許多單詞可帶否定前綴或否定后綴，將該詞變成一個與原來單詞意義完全相反的詞。在做語法填空時，要仔細領會短文的意思，理清文章脈絡，注意行文邏輯，特別注意上下文之間有無轉折、對比、相反關系，如果有此種關系，文中又沒有相應過渡詞語，就要考慮利用構詞法知識，即利用單詞的否定前綴或否定后綴來解題。常用的否定前綴有：in+adj.—adj.correct—incorrect(不正確的)active—inactive(不積極的)im+adj.—adjpolite—impolite(不禮貌的)patient—impatient(不耐煩的)un+adj.—adjlucky—unlucky(不幸運的)happy—unhappy(不高興的)il+adj.—adjlogical—illogical(不合邏輯的)legal—illegal(非法的)ir+adj.—adjregular—irregular(不規則的)responsible—irresponsible(不負責任的)dis+adj.—adjhonest—dishonest(不誠實的)satisfied—dissatisfied(不滿意的)un+v.—vdress—undress(脫衣服)load—unload(卸貨)dis+v.—vlike—dislike(不喜歡)cover—discover(發現)non+n.—adjprofit—nonprofit(非盈利的)stop—nonstop(不間斷的)illtreat—illtreat(虐待)manner—illmannered(沒禮貌的)常用的否定后綴有：n.+less—adjcare—careless(粗心的)home—homeless(無家可歸的)n.+free—adj.care—carefree(無憂無慮的)paper—paperfree(無紙張的)◆活學活用（一）用所給單詞的適當形式填空。Annwalkedoutofthechemicalfactory,annoyedather1(pleasant)interviewwithJack,thevicegeneralmanagerofthefactory.Annwastoldthefactoryhadbeenpouringwastewaterdirectlyintotheriver,makingthewater2(suit)todrink.Annthoughtitwasherdutyto3(close)thematterandhaditreportedinthenewspaper.Shealsothoughtitwas4(responsible)〖JP3〗forthefactorytodoso.Jackthoughtitwas5(proper)and6(legal)forAnntoreportthewholethinginpublicwithouttellingtheminadvance.However,Annregardeditmostimportanttoensuretheresidentsnearthefactorytodrink7(pollution)water.ShetoldJackifhisfactorykeptonpollutingtheriver,hewassuretoanswerforwhathehaddoneoneday.答案:1.unpleasant2.unsuitable3.disclose4.irresponsible5.improper6.illegal7.pollutionfree（二）語法填空。Inthedayswhenanicecreamcostmuchless,Tom,1eightyearoldboy,enteredahotelcoffeeshop2satatatable.Awaitressputaglassofwaterinfrontofhim.“Howmuchisanicecream？”“Fiftycents,”repliedthewaitress.Thelittleboypulled3righthandoutofthepocketandstudiedanumberof4init.“Howmuchisadishofplainicecream?”heasked.Somepeoplewerenowwaitingforherserviceandthewaitressgrewalittle5(patient).“Thirtycents,”shesaid6(polite)andloudly,whichsurprisedother〖JP3〗customers.Theboycountedthecoins7.”Iwillhaveaplainicecream,”hesaid.Thewaitresswalked8.Theboyfinishedtheicecream,paidthecashierandleft.Itwasnotlong9thewaitresscamebackandthenshebegantowipethetableandsuddenlywassurprisedatwhatshesaw.There,10(place)neatlybesidetheemptydish,weretwonickelsandfivepennies—hertip!1.an2.解析：entered與sat并列，所以填and。答案：and3.his4.coins5~6.解析：這里指服務員不耐煩(impatient)、不禮貌(impolite),注意用否定前綴。答案：5.impatient6.impolitely7.解析：小孩又仔細數了一遍硬幣。答案：again8.解析：Itisnotlongbefore是常用句型。答案：away9.before10.解析：倒裝句。順序為twonickelsandfivepennieswereplacedneatlybesidetheemptydish.答案：placed二、完形填空閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從1~15各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。Asachild,Iwasveryshy.Iwantedtobesuccessful,butlacked1.WhenIdiscoveredclimbing,IfoundsomethingIwasgoodat.Ibegantobe2bymyfriendsandthisgavemethedesiretoclimb3andhighermountains.IfoundthatnothingwasimpossibleifIcouldfindthe4totrytoachievemygoals.Bothpersonaldeterminationandteamworkare5whenyouclimb.Youneedtorelyonthe6ofyourteamandshareintheachievement.Butpersonalfocusanddeterminationtokeepgoingdespiteanydifficultyarealsoveryhelpfultoteamsuccess.Mygreatestachievementin7wasbeingthefirstevertoreachthetopofthe5,000footTrollWallinNorway,whichhasthehighestandmostvertical(垂直的)rockfaceinEurope.Astonedroppedfromthetopofthemountainwill8nothinguntilitlandsonthevalleyfloorone9below.Soitwasveryadventurous.Beforeourclimb,theexpertsinEuropehadsaiditwas10toclimbtheTrollWall.Butwiththreecompanions,Idecidedto11.Ittooktendaystomaketheclimbandwe12onledges(巖石架)nomorethanafootwidewhenweweretired.Thankfully,we13.Afterwards,Isaidtomyself,“IfIcandothat,Icandoanything.”Someyearslater,IclimbedupMountEverest-thehighestmountainintheworld.Adventuretomeisnotjust14aropealongthesideofamountain,butisonefieldwhereadventurouspeoplecanoften15themselves.Ifwelookateverydayasanadventure,wecantestourselvesandcontinuetogrowthroughoutourlife.Thatisthefinaladventure.1.A.moneyB.confidenceC.purposesD.chances2.A.deniedB.attackedC.recognizedD.tricked3.A.harderB.fartherC.smallerD.safer4.A.placeB.secretC.courageD.time5.A.suitableB.simpleC.equalD.important6.A.comfortB.supportC.interestD.doubt7.A.scienceB.medicineC.climbingD.engineering8.A.touchB.stopC.polluteD.hurt9.A.meterB.inchC.centimeterD.mile10.A.easyB.impossibleC.excitingD.useful11.A.tryB.learnC.returnD.escape12.A.ateB.livedC.restedD.stood13.A.workedB.decidedC.continuedD.succeeded14.A.bendingoverB.fallingoffC.hangingontoD.leaningagainst15.A.holdB.forgiveC.punishD.challenge解答:1.B2.C3.A4.C5.D6.B7.C8.A9.D10.B11.A12.C13.D14.C15.D三、閱讀理解專題訓練（一）閱讀中的猜詞技巧（4）根據同等關系猜測詞義◆方法點撥同等關系指一組詞在句中作同一成分，且它們的詞義屬于同一義域，這些詞常用and或or來連接。如：Atfiftyheisinhisprimeoflifeandalwaysfullofenergy.根據fullofenergy可判斷出inhisprimeoflife的意思為“最好的時候、精力旺盛之際”。◆活學活用（一）利用上述猜詞技巧，猜測下列各句劃線部分的意思。1.Heisaseriouspersonwhoalwaysdoeseverythingconscientiously.2.Ifyoudontstopdoinglikethis,youllimpairyourhealth.3.Hestrayedbecauseofthedarkness,anddidn，tknowwherehewas.4.IntheancientcityofRome,wevisitedeverymansion,battlesite,theatreandotherpublichalls.（二）閱讀下列短文，按要求完成讀寫任務。(2008年廣東卷)Parentsandkidstodaydressalike,listentothesamemusic,andarefriends.Isthisagoodthing？Sometimes,whenMr.Ballmerandhis16yearolddaughter,Elizabeth,listentorockmusictogetherandtalkaboutintereststheybothenjoy,suchaspopculture,heremembershismoredistantrelationshipwithhisparentswhenhewasateenager.“Iwouldneverhavesaidtomymom,‘Hey,thenewWeezeralbumisreallygreat.Howdoyoulikeit?’”saysBallmer.“Therewasjustacompletegapintaste.”Musicwasnottheonlygulf.Fromclothingandhairstylestoactivitiesandexpectations,earliergenerationsofparentsandchildrenoftenappearedtomoveinseparateorbits.Today,thegenerationgaphasnotdisappeared,butitisgettingnarrowinmanyfamilies.Conversationsonsubjectssuchassexanddrugswouldnothavetakenplaceagenerationago.Nowtheyarecomfortableandcommon.Andparent-childactivities,fromshoppingtosports,involveafeelingoftrustandfriendshipthatcancontinueintoadulthood.Nowondergreetingcardstodaycarrythemessage,“Tomymother,mybestfriend.”Butfamilyexpertswarnthatthenewequalitycanalsoresultinlessrespectforparents.“There，sstillalotofstrictnessandauthorityonthepartofparentsoutthere,butthereisachangehappening,”saysKerrie,apsychologyprofessoratLebanonValleyCollege.“Inthemiddleofthatchange,thereisalotofconfusionamongparents.”Familyresearchersofferavarietyofreasonsfortheseevolvingrolesandattitudes.Theyseethe1960sasaturningpoint.Greatculturalchangesledtomoreopencommunicationandamoredemocraticprocessthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay.“Myparentswereonthe‘before’sideofthatchange,buttodaysparents,the40yearolds,wereonthe‘after’side,”explainsMr.Ballmer.“Itsnotsomethingeasilyaccomplishedbyparentsthesedays,becauselifeismoredifficulttounderstandordealwith,butsharinginterestsdoesmakeitmorefuntobeaparentnow.”Ⅰ.根據短文，寫一篇30詞左右的摘要。_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ⅱ.根據所讀短文，選出最佳答案。1.TheunderlinedwordgulfinPara.3mostprobablymeans_______________.A.interestB.distanceC.differenceD.separation2.Whichofthefollowingshowsthatthegenerationgapisdisappearing?A.Parentshelptheirchildrendevelopinterestsinmoreactivities.B.Parentsputmoretrustintheirchildrensabilities.C.Parentsandchildrentalkmoreaboutsexanddrugs.D.Parentssharemoreinterestswiththeirchildren.3.Thechangeintoday,sparentchildrelationshipis_____________.A.moreconfusionamongparentsB.newequalitybetweenparentsandchildrenC.lessrespectforparentsfromchildrenD.morestrictnessandauthorityonthepartofparents4.Bysaying“todaysparents,the40yearolds,wereonthe‘after’side.”theauthormeansthattodaysparents_______________.A.followthetrendofthechangeB.cansetalimittothechangeC.failtotakethe