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2018年6月大學英語六級考試真題答案與詳解(第2套)PartIWriting審題思路:范文點評:高分范文精彩點評TheImportanceofBuildingBetweenandStudents開門見山,提出良好的師生關系的重要性。切入主題,表明信任對維持良好的師生關系至①Agoodrelationshipbetweenastudentandateachercanhave關重要且不可或缺。amajorinfluenceonadevelopment,andtrustcrucialandindispensablemaintainingtherelationship.③④分別使用begin和Secondly具體闡釋師生間信任的重要性,層次分明。③beginwith,onlywhenastudentbelieveshisorher⑤用However進行轉折,引出師生間建立信任的teacherheorshewillinglearnfromtheteacherorlooktothe措施。teacherforguidanceandsupport.toostudents⑥⑦分別使用theonehand...和theotherwearyofstudyingandevendropoutofschooljustbecausetheyhand...說明師生雙方都應該為彼此間的信任做出disliketheirteachers,whichmaytheirwholelife.努力。④,ateacherwhohasthefulltrusthisorherstudents⑧總結全文,得出結論:師生間的信任是實現有moremotivatedhelpthemimprovetheconsciousnessand效教學的必要條件。initiativeoflearning,whichturnbenefitthestudentsmost.⑤,thecredibilitybetweenteachersandstudentsnot加分亮點somethingthatcanbebuiltone⑥theonehand,teachersindispensable不可缺少的shouldcomprehendthestudents’actualdemandsandthemlooksb.指望某人……timelyhelp.⑦theotherhand,studentsshouldrespectbewearyof...厭煩……theirteachers.motivated積極的,主動的⑧all,trustateacher-studentrelationshipamustConsciousnessachieveteachingandlearning.Initiative主動性全文翻譯:師生間建立信任的重要性良好的師生關系會對孩子的發展產生重大影響,而信任對維持這種關系至關重要且不可或缺。來的。一方面,老師應該理解學生的實際需求,及時提供幫助。另一方面,學生應該始終尊重他們的老師。總而言之,師生間的信任是實現有效教學的必要條件。PartIIListeningComprehensionSectionAConversationhaveaspecialguestfromthelocalestablishment,theParisianCafé.:thanksforhaveaonyour:Thankforjoiningus.1)pleasetellus,whydodecideopenacafé?W:,sawtheopportunitysomethingalittlespecialanddifferentfromotherestablishments.Cafecertainlyareacompetitivemarket(2)Therearemorethanplentyourandfelttheyareallrathersimilaroeachagree?-1-:Certainlyhowyourestablishmentanydifferent?W:sincepeople,haverabbitswanderingfreelyontheplace.OurcustomersandenjoytheirfoodanddrinkswhilelittlerabbitplayaboutandbrushagainsttheirTherenootherplacelike:amazing!Howdouptheidea?W:sawothercafescatsthought,whynotrabbit?Peopletherabbits.Theyarecuteanimals.:Butsafe?therabbiteverbitepeople?doanycustomereverhurttherabbits?perfectlysafeforbothrabbitsandourcustomers.Rabbitsareverypeacefulandcertainlydonotbite.(3)Furthermore,ourrabbitsareregularlycleanedandhaveallreceivedtherequiredshouts.therenohealthrisk(4)Asforourcustomers,theyareallanimallovers,sotheywouldnevertryhurttherabbits.Sometimesayoungchildmayexcited,andtheyarealittletoorough,butneveraseriousthetheParisianCaféagreatexperienceforchildren,achanceforthemlearnaboutrabbitsandhowcareofthem.:certainlythefirstheardofacafélikethat.Questions1to4basedonconversationyouhaveheard.未聽先知:預覽四道題各選項,由反復出現的café和customers等詞可以初步推測,對話內容與咖啡有關;再結合animal、pets、breeds、rabbits和hercafé等詞可以進一步推測,對話中的女士擁有一個咖啡館,且其咖啡館與動物有關。1:答案:DParisianCafé可以推斷,女士擁有一家咖啡館,答案為D。2:hercity?答案:A詳解:對話中女士說,城里有很多咖啡館,而這些咖啡館都十分相似。因此答案為A。:答案:A3詳解:當男士問女士咖啡館里的兔子是否安全時,女士說,首先,兔子是一種非常溫順的動物,不會咬人,而且清潔和注射疫苗,他們能夠保證兔子們不會對顧客造成任何健康威脅,答案為A。4:say答案:C詳解:對話中女士提到,來咖啡館的客人都是動物愛好者,絕不會傷害這些兔子。因此答案為。Conversation:there.Howareyou?:Oh,hi.I’mgreat!Thanks.Andlookgreat,too.M:Thankyou.goodseeshoppingthesection.Iseeyou’vealotofhealthy(5-1)IwishIcouldbuymoreproducefromhere,butIfindthatkidslikeIknowaboutyours,butmineareallaboutjunkfood.W:Oh,trustme!Iknowexactlyhowfeel.(5-2)childrenaretheWhatthesedaysandallthatjunkfoodtheyeat?(6-1)IthinkallthatadvertisingonwheretheyMmustbe.(6-2)childrenseesomethingonandtheyimmediatelywantliketheyrealizejustanadvertisement.WRight.Andpracticallyeverythingadvertisesforchildrenunhealthyprocessedfood.surprisethenbecomesabattleforusparentsfeedourchildrenordinaryfruitandvegetables.M:justthething.Oneneverseesordinaryingredientsbeingadvertisedonneveracarrotorapeach.garbage,likechocolate-coveredsweets.W:(7-1)Andthesebigfoodcorporationshavesomuchmoneyspendonclevertacticdesignyoung-2-childrenwantbuytheirproducts.Childrenneverstandthechance.reallynot:(7-2)aresoright.(8)Whenwerechildrenbarelyhadanyjunkfoodavailable,andturnedoutjustfine.W:parentsunderstandanyofBothcommercialsandthesupermarketsarealienTheirworldsweresodifferentbackwhentheyareyoung.:Iknowwhathappenthenextgeneration.:Theworldgoing:bet.Questions5to8basedonconversationyouhaveheard.未聽先知:預覽四道題各選項,由vitaminstastefoods和ingredients等詞可以初步推測,對話與食品有關;再結合toomanyadditives、garbage、commercials、sweetfoods和children等詞可以進一步推測,對話內容與兒童類食品有關,并且涉及垃圾食品和電視廣告之間的關系。5答案:D詳解:當男士看到女士買了很多健康食品時,他十分感慨,說自己的孩子不喜歡這些健康食品,就喜歡吃垃圾食為D。6foodmost?答案:B詳解:對話中女士說,她認為孩子們對食品的選擇都是受到了電視廣告的影響,男士也表示贊同,說孩子們看到電視上有什么就立馬想要什么。由此可知,對話中的兩人認為是電視廣告影響了孩子們對食物的選擇,答案為。7答案:CC。8答案:B詳解:對話中男士說,他們還是孩子的時候幾乎接觸不到垃圾食品,結果長得也挺好。也就是說,他們小時候很少吃垃圾食品,答案為。SectionBOne2,300mileslength,theMississippithelongesttheUnitedStates.1,000miles,theMackenziethelongestriverCanada.Butthesewaterwaysseemcomparisonthelongestrivers——theandtheAmazon.TheNile,whichbeginscentralAfricaandflowsover4,100milesnorthintotheMediterranean,hostedoneofthegreatancientcivilizationsalongshores.Calmandpeacefulformostofthetheusedfloodtherebycreating,irrigatingandcaringnewtopsoilthenearbyfarmlandonwhichancientEgyptdependedforalivelihood.ameansoftransportation,thecarriedvariousvesselsupanddownlength.(9)AjourneythroughtheunobstructedpartofthiswaterwaytodaywouldpassbythesplendidoftheKings,wherethetombsofmanyoftheseancientmonarchshavestoodforover3,000years.(10)GreatcivilizationsandintensivesettlementsarehardlyassociatedtheAmazon,yetthis4,000-mile-longSouthAmericanrivercarriesabout20percentofthefreshwater—morethantheMississippi,Nile,andecombined.Otherstatisticsareequallyastonishing.TheAmazonsowideatpointsthatfromcenterneithershorecanbeseen.Eachsecond,theAmazonpours55milliongallonsofwaterintotheAtlantic;there,atmouth,standsoneislandthanSwitzerland.Mostimportantofall,theAmazonirrigatesthetropicalrainforestonEarth.Questions9tobasedonpassageyouhaveheard.未聽先知:預覽三道題各選項,由選項中的floods、water、freshwater和banks等詞可以初步推測,短文與河流有-3-關;再結合Egyptian、ofancientrulers、tribes、civilizations、theMississippiRiver、the和the等詞可以進一步推測,短文涉及世界幾大長河,重點講述埃及的尼羅河及沿岸文明等方面的內容。9答案:C詳解:短文中提到,沿著如今暢通無阻的水路前行會經過輝煌的帝王谷(oftheKings),這里有許多3,000多年前的古代帝王的陵墓。因此答案為。10.答案:B詳解:短文中明確提到,亞馬遜河幾乎從未與偉大的文明和密集聚居地這樣的字眼關聯在一起。因此答案為。答案:A詳解:短文中提到,亞馬遜河擁有地球上20%左右的淡水。因此答案為A。PassageHowoftendosaypeople“I’mbusy”or“Ihaven’tforthat.”(12)inevitabletruththatallofusliveathefarslain,eventhoughknowthatbeingbusynotparticularlyGrowingupNewZealand,everythingwascalmandPeopleenjoyedthetranquilityofaslowerpaceoflife.ButafterImovedtheandlivedthereforanumberofyears,(13)Iusedhavingapilotto-dolists,andmycalendarlooksamass,lotsofthingsdowrittenacrossit.Ifoundmyselffeelingtimerupendlessworkmeetingsandsocialevents,rushingalongasbusyasabee.Then,one(14)IacrossabookcalledInPraiseofSlownessandrealizedthatbeingbusynotonlydetrimental,butalsohastheofturningintoanendlessrace.Istartedpracticingthevariouspracticalstepsmentionedbytheauthorofthebook,andbeganrevoltagainsttheideaofbeingtoo(15)thatto-donolongerexist,butI’vebecomemoreawareoftheimportantofslowingdownandmakingsurethatIenjoythedailyactivitiesasIcarrythemFromnowon,whensomeoneaskedhowyouris,tryyourrespondingthewordslike“excitingandfun”,insteadoftheculturenormthatSeeyourexperiencethetranquilitythatfollows.Questions12to15basedonpassageyouhaveheard.題各選項中的Livingathefastlanearushsearchfortranquility、yearnforaslowandcalm的內容。1答案:B詳解:短文開頭提到,雖然我們知道忙碌不那么健康,但是我們過著快節奏的生活,這是一個無法逃避的事實。也就是說,我們總是在忙于各種各樣的事情,答案為。1答案:C詳解:短文中講話者提到,在東京生活了幾年以后,她已經習慣了總是有一堆事情需要去做,她的日歷看上去總C。1答案:D詳解:短文中講話者提到,是一本名為PraiseofSlowness的書讓她意識到忙碌的危害,因此她開始按照作者在書中講到的實用性步驟改變生活方式。因此答案為D。1答案:B詳解:短文末尾講話者提到,改變生活方式并不是說她的任務清單就不存在了,而是她意識到了慢生活的意義,在做每一件日常小事的時候,都能夠樂在其中。因此答案為。-4-SectionCRecording(16)Governments,privategroups,andindividualsspendbillionsofdollarsayeartryingrootoutnon-nativethatareconsidereddangerousecosystems,andpreventtheintroductionofnewintruders.Butanumberofscientistsquestiontheassumptionthatthepresenceofalienspeciescanneverbeacceptableanaturalecosystem.Theysaythatportrayingintroducedspeciesasinherentlybadanunscientificapproach.(17)“Distinctionsbetweenexoticandnativespeciesareartificial”saidMichaelRosenzweig,aprofessorofevolutionarybiologyattheUniversityofArizona,“becausetheydependonpeggingadateandcallingtheplansandanimalsthatshowupafterthedate‘exotic.’”Ecosystemsfreeofspeciesdefinedasexoticbydefault,considerthenatural.rollbacktheclockandremoveallexoticsorfixhabitats”Rosenzweigsaid,“Bothnativeandexoticspeciescanbecomeinvasiveandsotheyallhavebemonitoredandcontrolledwhentheybeginoutofthehandcore,thedebateabouthowtheremainingnaturalecosystemsandaboutandhowmuch,restoreotherhabitats.Speciesthatinvadeaterritorycanharmecosystems,agriculture,andhumanhealth.Theycanthreatennativespeciesorevendestroyandreplaceothers.habitatloss,theseevasivespeciesrepresentsthegreatestthreatbiodiversityworldwide,manyecologistsEcologistsgenerallydefineanalienspeciesasonethatpeople,accidentallyorcarriednewlocation.AcrosstheAmericancontinents,exoticspeciesarethoseintroducedafterthefirstEuropeancontact.Thatdate,rounded1500representswhatecologistconsideredhavebeenamajorshiftthespreadofspecies,includingcropsandlivestock,astheybeganmigratehumansfromcontinentcontinent.(18)“Onlyasmallpercentageofalienspeciescauseproblemstheirnewhabitats,”saidDonSmith,professorofecologyandevolutionarybiologyattheUniversityofthe7,000alienspeciestheUnitedStates—outofatotalof150,000species—onlyabout10percentareinvasive,”hepointedout.Theother90percenthavefitintotheirenvironmentsandareconsiderednaturalized.appearancescandeceive,ecologistscaution,andmanyoftheseexoticsmaybeconsideredacceptableonlybecausenoonehasdocumentedtheirharmfulaffects.Whatmore,non-nativespeciescanappearharmlessfordecades,thenturninvasive.(19)Questions16to18basedonyouhaveheard.未聽先知:預覽三道題各選項,由species、biodiversity和ecosystem等詞可以初步推測,講座內容與物種和生態環nativespeciescontributeabiodiversitylocalecosystem和newhabitats等詞可以進一步推測,講座涉及外來物種對本地生態環境的影響方面的內容。1bya答案:C詳解:講座開頭提到,政府、私人團體以及很多個人都花費了大量的金錢來清除那些被認為會危害當地生態系統入當地自然生態系統這一看法持懷疑態度。他們說把外來物種描述成有害的是不科學的。因此答案為。1of答案:D詳解:講座中提到,MichaelRosenzweig說,外來物種和本地物種的區分是人為的。因此答案為D。say1答案:A詳解:講座中提到,DonSmith教授說,只有很少一部分外來物種會給新的生活環境帶來問題。因此答案為A。RecordingGoodmorning,ladiesandgentlemen!Andwelcomethethirdourcitiesofbusinessseminarstheprogram—DoingBusinessAbroad.aregoinglookatinterculturalawareness,thatis,thefactthatnoteveryoneBritish,.noteveryonespeaksEnglish,andnoteveryonedoesbusinesstheBritishAndwhyshouldthey?(19)Ifoverseasbusinesspeoplearesellingus,thentheyeveryspeakEnglishandexpectourtraditionandmethods.Itonlypoliteforusdothewhenvisitnotonlypolite.ItessentialwantsellBritishprojectsoverseas.-5-First,ashortquiz.seehowcultivateawareare.Question1:Wherenotdrinkalcoholonthefirstandsecondofeverymonth?Question2:Whereshouldneveradmireyourpositions?Question3:HowshouldattractthewaiterduringabusinesslunchBanquet?AndQuestion4:Whereshouldtryallyourappointmentseitherbeforeorafter5:30p.m.?Everyonehadachancenotes?Right.Herearetheanswers—althoughIamsurethattheinformationcouldequallywellapplycountriesotherthanthoseIhavechosen.No.1,(20)mustnotdrinkalcoholonthefirstandseventhofthemonthIndian.Ininternationalhotelsumayfindserved,butarehavingaanIndiancolleague,rememberavoidaskingforabeeryourarrivalcoincidesoneofthosedates.2.InArabcountriesthepolitenessandgenerosityofthepeoplewithoutparallel.Ifyourbeautifulgoldenmaywellfindyourselfbeingpresentthemasapresent.Thisisnotacheapwaydoyourshopping,asyourhostwill,quiteexpectrespondbypresentinghimagiftofequalworthandThailand,clickingthefingers,clappingyourhands,orjustshouting“embarrassyourhostsfellowdinersthewaiterand,ofall,you!Placepalmdownwardandaninconspicuouswavinggesture,whichproduceinstantandsacrificingresults(21)AndfinallySpain,ebusinessesmaintainthepatternofworkinguntilabout2o’clockandthenreturningthefrom5:308:00,9:00or10:00theevening.Questions19to21basedonyouhaveheard.19題選項中的Respecttraditionalculture和business與做生意過程中遇到的一些傳統文化有關。1答案:A詳解:講座中提到,如果外國商人來英國做生意,他們會盡力說英語并且尊重英國的傳統及做事的方式,如果英國外銷售英國產品,這也是有必要的。由此可知,與外國人做生意的時候,應該尊重對方的傳統文化,答案為A。2答案:C詳解:講座中提到,在印度,每個月的第一天和第七天你都不能喝酒,在國際飯店你會發現他們供應酒水,但如果你是在這兩個日子里和印度同事一起吃飯,記得不要點啤酒。因此答案為。2business答案:D詳解:講座末尾提到了西班牙人的工作模式:他們通常會在下午兩點下班,然后到晚上五點半再上班,上到晚上八點、九點或者十點。也就是說,下午兩點至五點半期間是西班牙人的休息時間,因此答案為D。RecordingThree(22)ShortlyafterhetookovertheDigestAssociation1984,Gruneunlockedthesboardroomandannouncedthattheroomwasnowopentheemployees.wasasymbolicact,indicatingthatunderleadershipDigestwasgoingbedifferent.hiswordGrunehasshakenuptheculturehere.anideaoftheculturewe’retalkingabout,considertheboardroomGruneopenedIthasartworksthatanymuseumtheworldwouldwantcollect,paintingsbyworld-famousartistslikeMonetandPicasso.Itsheadquartershouses3,000ofart.Themainbuildingtoppedafoursculpturesofthemythicalwingedhorse,thecorporatelogo.on127acresofwell-trimmedlawns.TheusedbeoccupiedbyfounderDewittwho,alonghiswife,LilaAchesonlaunchedDigest1922condensedarticlesfromotherpublications.Ithasbecomethemostwidelyreadmagazine,selling28millioncopieseachmonth17languagesand41editions.(23)Thebothchildrenofchurchministers,hadaclearlydefinedformulafortheir“littlemagazine”Digestwasoriginallysubtitled.Articleswerebeshort,readableanduplifting.Subjectswerepickedinspireorentertain.Theacceptadvertisingthe-6-editionuntil1955andeventhentheyallowanyadsforcigarettes,liquorordrugs.(24)Thealsohadaclearsenseoftheofworkplacetheywanted.Itstartedasamama-and-popoperation,andthechildlesssconsideredemployeesbepartoftheirEmployeestellstoriesofhowthewouldcareoftheiremployeeswhohadmetmisfortunestheyshoweredtheiremployeesunusualbenefits,likeaturkeyatThanksgivingandThiscozyworkplacenolongerexistshere.Thebothdiedtheirninetiestheearly1981s.Grune,aformeradsalesmanwhojoinedDigest1960hashiseyesfocusedonthebottomline.Inafewshortyears,heturnedthemagazineonhead.(25)laidseveralhundredworkers.Especiallyhardhitwheretheblue-andpink-collardepartments,suchassubscriptionfulfillment.Questions23to25basedonyouhaveheard.未聽先知:預覽四道題各選項,由Digest、articles、magazine和subscriptions等詞可以初步推測,講座內cultureprofitable和employees等詞可以進一步推測,講座可能涉及《讀者文摘》這一雜志的企業文化、盈利狀態和員工情況等方面內容。2答案:A詳解:講座開頭提到,1984年,。23.答案:B夫婦二人都出生于牧師家庭,他們對雜志中的文章有一個明確的要求——簡短易讀,但卻有激勵人心或是讓人愉悅的效果。因此答案為。2答案:D。25.答案:C詳解:講座末尾提到,二十世紀八十年代,。PartⅢReadingSectionA全文翻譯:據稱寫了這首兒歌的女子是美國最迷人的27人物1830年5月2428假定的作者的生狂熱的30癡迷于建立起一個理想中的新英格圍內的(31)運動,致力于推行一個全國性的節日,宣稱在慶祝這個(32)傳統節日時,會帶來家人團聚。1863年,在倡導了17年以后,期間她曾給五位總統寫信,赫爾終于得償所愿。亞伯拉罕·林肯總統在內戰期間頒布了一項(33公告,將這個節日時間定在十一月最后一個星期四?!皡s宣稱自己是作者。不管真正的作者是誰,似乎這首詩是受真實事件的(34)啟發而創作完成的。當1816年一頭小羊羔跟著小馬麗·索伊爾去上學時,它似乎惹了不少麻煩。一個名叫約翰·羅爾斯登的旁觀者就此事寫了首詩,1916年赫爾的侄孫女的一篇文章可信的話,赫爾(35余生都宣稱“一些人謊稱是別人寫了這首詩”。-7-選項歸類詞:A).I).名動J).G).N).O).詳解詳析:2答案:詳解:空格位于名詞之后、介詞for之前。從語法角度進行分析,是以that引導的主語從句中的主語,該主語從句主謂俱全,空格所在的位置為后置定語部分,因此空格處很可能填入形容詞或動詞的分詞形式。上文中提到,究竟誰是這首兒歌的作者仍然存在爭議,因此此處the_______forwriting應表示“據稱寫了這首兒歌的女子”,故答案為。在備選項中,僅用于名詞前,故排除。2答案:詳解:空格位于形容詞fascinating的最高級形式之后,因此應填入可數名詞的復數形式。此處意為“據稱寫了這首兒歌的女子是美國最迷人的人物之一”,所以空格處應填入表示“人物”的詞。故答案為備選的可數名詞復數形式只有2答案:theauthor作者仍然存在爭議,可知空格處應填入表示“據說的,假定的”含義的詞,故答案為。2答案:詳解:空格位于不定冠詞a之后、名詞短語socialadvocate“社會運動倡導者”之前,因此應填入一個形容詞。詞,表示“狂熱的社會運動倡導者”,故答案為。3答案:詳解:空格位于系動詞was之后、介詞之前,構成be...with結構。前文提到赫爾不僅是個作家,她還是個狂熱的社會運動倡導者,此處承接前文意思,所以空格處應填入固定搭配,表示“對……癡迷”,故答案為。3答案:A).anationwidebegan啟了一個全國范圍內的運動”,故答案為A).3答案:N).詳解:空格位于定冠詞the之后、名詞festivals“節日”之前,因此空格處應填入一個形容詞。此處意為“慶祝這個傳統節日”,故答案為N).3答案:詳解:空格位于不定冠詞a之后,應填入一個可數名詞單數形式。根據句意可知,亞伯拉罕·林肯在內戰期間頒布了一項公告,將這個節日時間定在十一月最后一個星期四。因此答案為I).3答案:wasby乎這首詩是受真實事件的啟發而創作完成的”,所以答案為3答案:詳解:空格位于定冠詞the之后、介詞of之前,因此應填入一個名詞。此處意為“赫爾余生都宣稱‘一些人謊稱是別人寫了這首詩’”,故答案為-8-SectionB全文翻譯:無水種植植物自從人類開始種植自己的食物以來,我們就面臨著無法預測的友敵:降雨。它的來去沒有太多預警,一大38糧食的安全和命運依賴于充足的雨水,在非洲尤其如此。在那里,96%的農田依賴于降雨,而不是較發達地區常見的灌溉。其后果是:南非持續的干旱——三十年來最嚴重的一次——今年今年將導致至少四分之一的玉米作物受損。她正在努力尋找一種方法,從那些適應極端干旱天氣的稀有野生植物中獲取特性,并將它隨著地球氣候的變化和某些地區的降雨量變得更加難以預測,這些答案將變得更加有價值。法蘭特說道:“當變得越來越干旱時,我所追求的農業類型的確是為了讓人們能夠生存下去?!?6這些山丘是早期地質時代的遺留物,大部分土壤已被刮光,遭受風吹日曬。然而,在世界各地的沙漠中,這些和類似的巖層里,一些頑強的植物已經適應了在不斷變化的條件下繼續生存。法蘭特稱它們為復蘇植物。在烈日下沒有水的月份里,它們會枯萎、萎縮至縮小,直至看起來像一堆灰色但降雨可以使它們在幾小時內復蘇。她間歇性的拍攝的這些復蘇視頻看起來就像是有人正在倒帶播放植物的死亡。40-1許多不同種類的植物已形成耐受干旱期的策略。有些植物儲存水分來使它們度過干旱;另一些則把根深深地扎入地下水源。(40-2但是,一旦這些植物0.144-1)當它們察覺到延長的干旱期時,它們會改變新陳代謝,在它們的組織中產生糖、某些應激相關蛋白以及其他物質。“使表面積最小化,剩余的水正是通過植物表面蒸發掉的。(44-2它們可以從數月或數年的無水狀態中恢復過來,這取決于具體的物種。還有什么東西能做到這種干枯又復蘇的把戲呢?種子——幾乎所有的種子。在職業生涯之初,法蘭特研究42大多數種子可以等到干旱的、不適宜生長的季節結束,到條件合適,它們就會發芽。然而,一旦開始生長,這些植物似乎就不再具有暫停其莖葉新陳代謝的能力。37完成與種子有關的博士學位后,法蘭特開始研究是否有可能分離出使大多數種子如此迅速恢復活力的在過去的二十年里,法蘭克和其他人所發現的是,有很多基因參與了復蘇植一組主導基因調控的,”法蘭特說道。“我們正在研究基因啟動子以及什么會是它們的主開關?!盜)她表示自己意識到很多人農民和消費者都可以選擇是否使用任何一種盛行的版本:“我正在給人們一個選擇?!盝)研究人員在試驗田測試他們的想法——目前大部分是在實驗室里完成的。-9-首先理解基礎科學是關鍵。已有充分的理由可以說明農作物為什么不使用干旱防御。例如,從常規的新陳法蘭特說道:“產量永遠不會很高”,因此這些植物針對的不是試圖從高產農田中榨取更多金錢“我的愿景是幫助維持生計的農民,”法蘭特說道?!拔业哪繕耸蔷哂蟹侵迌r值的農作物?!痹斀庠斘觯?ThereareacoupleofplantstoughandExtremeconditionsproduceextremelytoughplants.IntherustyadaptableenoughsurviveonbarerockyhillsreddesertsofSouthAfrica,steep-sidedrockyhillscalledinselbergsanddeserts.rearupfromtheplainslikethebonesoftheearth.Thehillsareremnantsofanearliergeologicalera,scrapedbareofmostsoiland光禿禿的巖石山丘和沙漠中生存。exposedtotheelements.ontheseandsimilarformationsindesertstoughandadaptablebarearoundtheworld,afewfierceplantshaveadaptedtoendureunderrockyhills和deserts定位到原文畫線處。ever-changingconditions.C段最后兩句提到,這些山丘是早期地質時代的遺留物,大部分土壤已被刮光,遭受風吹日曬。然而,在世Thehills指代上一句中的steep-sidedrockyhillstough對應原文中的fiercesurvive對應原文中的endure,答案為。37.FarranttryingtoisolateAftercompletingherPh.onseeds,Farrantbeganinvestigatingwhethertgenesinresurrectionplantsandreproducethemcrops.譯文:法蘭特試圖分離復蘇植物中的基因,并將起復制到農作物上。mightbepossibletoisolatethepropertiesthatseedssoresilient(迅速恢復活力的)andtransferthemotherplanttissues.WhatFarrantandothershavefoundoverthepastdecadesthattherearegenesinvolvedresurrectionplants'responsedryness.Manyofthemarethethatregulatehowseedsdryness-tolerantwhileattachedtheirparentplants.Nowtheyaretryingfigureoutwhatmolecularsignalingprocessesactivatethoseseed-buildinggenesinresurrectionplants—andhowreproducethemcrops."Mostgenesareregulatedbyamastersetofgenes,"Farrant定位:由題干關鍵詞Farrant、isolategenes和reproducethemcrops定位到原文畫線處。says."We'relookingatgenepromotersandwhatwouldbetheirmasterswitch."H段第一句提到,完成與種子有關的博士學位后,法蘭特開始研究是否有可能分離出使大多數種子如此迅速isolategenes對應原文中的isolatethepropertiesreproducethemcrops對應原文中的transferthemotherplanttissues,故答案為H。38.FarmersinSouthAfricaaremore[Eversincehumanitybegantofarmourownfood,we'vefacedtheunpredictablerainthatbothfriendandcomesandgoeswithoutmuchwarning,andafieldoflush(茂盛的)leafygreensoneyearcandryupandblowawaythenext.Foodsecurityandfortunesdependonsufficientatthemercyofnature,especiallyinconsistentrainfall.的影響,尤其是變化無常的降雨。定位:由題干關鍵詞SouthAfrica、moreattheofnature和inconsistentrainfall定位到原文畫線處。rain,andnowheresothanAfrica,where96%offarmlanddependsonraininsteadoftheirrigationcommonmoredevelopedplaces.Ithasconsequences:SouthAfrica'songoingdrought—theworstthreedecades—costatleastaquarterofitscomcropthis詳解:A段第三句提到,糧食安全和命運依賴于充足的雨水,在非洲尤其如此。在那里,96%農田依賴于降雨,而易受到不穩定降雨的影響。題干中的moreattheof對應原文中的moreso;inconsistentrainfall對應原文中的ongoingdroughtA。39.Resurrectioncropsaremost[K].UnderstandingthebasicsciencefirstTherearegoodreasonswhycroplikelybethechoiceofplantsdonotusedrynessdefensesForinstance,there'sacost-10-subsistencefarmers.譯文:復蘇農作物最有可能成necessaryunderstandwhatsortofyieldfarmersmightexpectandestablishthe為維持生計的農民的選擇。plant's"Theyieldnevergoingbehigh,"Farrantsays,sotheseplantsbe定位:由題干關鍵詞notatfarmerstryingsqueezemorecashResurrectioncropsoutofhigh-yieldfields,butsubsistencefarmerswhoneedhelpsurviveadroughtlikesubsistencefarmers定位原文thepresentoneSouthAfrica."visionforthesubsistenceFarrant畫線處。says."I'mcropsthatareofAfricanvalue.switchingfromaregularmetabolismanalmost-no-watermetabolism.Italsobe和K段提到,法蘭克說道:“產量永遠不會很高”,因此這些植物針對的不是試圖從高產農田中榨取更多金錢theseplants指代上一段中的resurrectionplants;題干中的aremostlikelybethechoiceof對應原文中的benotat...but...,故答案為K。40.EventhoughplantshaveThebigdifferencebetween"drought-tolerant"plantsandthesetoughdevelopedvarioustacticstocopedryplants:metabolism.Manydifferentkindsofplantshavedevelopedtacticsotheycannotprolongeddrought.surviveaweatherdryspells.Someplantsstorereservesofwaterseethemthroughadrought;otherssendrootsdeepdownsubsurfacewatersupplies.Butonce譯文:盡管許多植物已形成各種應對干theseplantsuseuptheirstoredreserveortapouttheunderground,旱天氣的策略,但它們無法熬過長期干theyceasegrowingandstartdie.Theymaybeablehandleadroughtoflength,andpeopleusetheterm"droughttolerant"describesuch定位:由題干關鍵詞havedevelopedplants,buttheyneveractuallystopneedingsoFarrantvarioustactics和copedryweather定preferscallthemdroughtresistant.位到原文畫線處。詳解:E段第二句提到,許多不同種類的植物已形成耐受干旱期的策略。然后第四句以But開頭,表明句意發生轉干旱,這些植物也會因缺水而死亡。題干中的copedryweather對應原文中的weatherdryspells;cannotsurvive對應原文中的ceasegrowingandstartdie,故答案為E。41.Despiteconsumerresistance,researchers[I].OnceFarrantandhercolleaguesfeeltheyhaveabettersenseofarepushingaheadgeneticmodificationwhichswitchestheyhavefindthebestwaydosoofcrops.usefulcrops."I'mtryingthreemethodsofbreeding,"Farrant:譯文:盡管受到消費者的抵制,研究人員仍conventional,geneticmodificationaridgeneediting.Sheshes在推進轉基因農作物。awarethatplentyofpeopledonotwanteatgeneticallymodified定位:由題干關鍵詞pushingahead和crops,butshepushingaheadeveryavailabletooluntilonegeneticmodificationofcrops定位到原文畫works.Farmersandconsumerscanchoosewhetherornotuse線處。whicheverversionprevailsgivingpeopleanoption."詳解:I段提到,法蘭特表示自己意識到很多人不想吃轉基因作物,但她正在推進每種可用的工具,直到其中一種consumerresistance對應原文中的plentyofpeopledonotwanteat;geneticmodificationofcrops對應原文中的geneticallymodifiedcrops,故答案為I。4Mostseedscanpullthroughdryspells[Whatelsecandothisdry-out-and-revivetrick?Seeds-almostallofthestartofherFarrantstudied.recalcitrantseeds(執拗性種子),"suchasavocados,coffeeandlychee.Whiletasty,suchseedsaredelicate--theycannotbudandiftheydryout(asmayknowyou'veevertriedatreefromanavocadopit).Intheseedworld,thatmakesthemrare,becausemostseedsfromfloweringplantsarequiterobust.Mostseedscanwaitouttheunwelcomingseasonsuntilconditionsarerightandtheysprout(發芽).oncetheystartgrowing,suchplantsseemnotretaintheabilityhitthepausebuttononmetabolismintheirorleaves.andbegingrowingwhenconditionsareripe,butoncethisprocessstarts,cannotbeheldback.譯文:大多數種子可以熬過干旱期,并在條件成熟時開始生長,但該過程一旦開始,就無法被阻止。定位:由題干關鍵詞Mostseeds、pullthroughdryspellsconditionsareripe和heldback定位到原文畫線處。G段提到,大多數種子可以等到干旱的、不適宜生長的季節結束,到條件適合,它們就會發芽。然而,一旦pullthroughdryspells對應原文中的wait-11-outtheunwelcomingseasons;heldback對應原文中的hitthepausebutton,故答案為G。FarrantisworkinghardtocultivatefoodcropsBiologistFarrantoftheUniversityofCapeSouththatcallsurviveextremedrynessbystudyingtheAfricathatnaturehasplentyofanswersforpeoplewhowanttraitsofrareplants.cropsplacesunpredictablerainfall.Shehardat4譯文:法蘭特正通過研究稀有野生植物的特性,workfindingawaytraitsfromrareplantsthatadapto努力培育能夠在極度干旱中存活下來的糧食作extremedryweatherandusethemfoodcrops.theearth'sclimatechangesandrainfallbecomesevenlesspredictable定位:由題干關鍵詞foodcrops、surviveextremeplaces,thoseanswersevenmorevaluable."Theofdryness和thetraitsofrareplants定位到原文farmingaimingforliterallysothatpeoplecansurviveas畫線處。goingmoreandmoresays.B段提到,她正在努力尋找一種方法,從那些適應極端干旱天氣的稀有野生植物中獲得特性,并將它們用作She指代段首的Farrantworkinghard對應原文中的hardatsurviveextremedryness對應原文中的adaptextremedryweather,故答案為。4adjustingtheirResurrectionplants,definedasthosecapableofrecoveringfromholdinglessthanmetabolism,resurrection0.1ofwaterperofdryaredifferent.Theylackwater-storingplantscanrecoverfromanextendedperiodofdrought.譯文:通過調整新陳代謝,復蘇植物可以從延長的干旱期中恢復過來。structures,andtheirexistenceonrockfacespreventsthemfromtappinggroundwater,sotheyhaveinsteaddevelopedtheabilitytochangetheirmetabolism.Whentheydetectanextendeddryperiod,theydiverttheirmetabolisms,producingsugarsandcertainstress-associatedproteinsandothermaterialstheirtissues.theplantdries,theseresourcesonfirstthepropertiesofhoney,定位:由題干關鍵詞adjustingtheirmetabolism、recoverfromanextendedperiodofdrought定位到原文畫線處。thenrubber,andfinallyenteraglass-likestatethatis"themoststablestatethattheplantcanmaintain,"Farrantsays.Thatslowsthep
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