TPO30-R-Q1Theword”innumerable”inthepassageisclosestinthemeaningto Accordingtoparagraph1,allofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT happeningslowlyandgraduallyGapsinthefossilrecordwereused

ThePaceofEvolutionaryAheateddebatehasenlivenedrecentstudiesofevolution.Darwin’soriginalthesis,andtheviewpointsupportedbyevolutionarygradualists,isthatspecieschangecontinuouslybutslowlyandinsmallincrements.Suchchangesareallbutinvisibleovertheshorttimescaleofmodernobservations,and,itisargued,theyareusuallyobscuredbyinnumerablegapsintheimperfectfossil

批注[微軟用戶1]:正確答案：A。的，B是偶然的，C是大的，D是重復(fù)的。這個(gè)單詞是numerable加否定[微軟用戶2]:正確答案C。A答案對應(yīng)第一段第二句，B對應(yīng)第一段第三句，D對應(yīng)一段最后一句。C與原文沖突，原文一直在說darwinexplainwhyitisdifficulttoseesmallchangesintheevolutionofDarwin’sevolutionarythesiswasrejectedbecausesmallchangescouldnotbeobservedintheevolutionaryrecordBytheearlytwentiethcentury,mostbiologistsbelievedthatgradualismexplainedevolutionarychangeParagraph1ismarkedwithan

recordGradualismwithitsstressontheslowpaceofchange,isacomfortingposition,repeatedoverandoveragainingenerationsoftextbooks.Bytheearlytwentiethcentury,thequestionabouttherateofevolutionhadbeenansweredinfavorofgradualismtomostbiologists’Q3Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.Thepunctuatedequilibriumhypothesischallengedgradualism,whichholdsthatspeciesevolveinrelativelysuddenburstsofbriefduration.ThepunctuatedequilibriumhypothesisdevelopedbyStephenJayGouldandNilesEldredgewaschallengedin1972.

SometimesaclosedquestionmustbereopenedasnewevidenceornewargumentsbasedonoldevidencecomeJayGouldandNilesEldredgechallengedconventionalwisdomwithanopposingviewpoint,thepunctuatedequilibriumtolight.In1972paleontologistJayGouldandNilesEldredgechallengedconventionalwisdomwithanopposingviewpoint,thepunctuatedequilibriumrisetonewspeciesinrelativelyhypothesiswhichpositsthatspeciesgiverisetonewspeciesinrelativelybursts,withoutalengthybursts,withoutalengthy的發(fā)生是withoutlengthyperiodTheseepisodesofrapidevolution的。DIn1972StephenJayGouldand areseparatedbyrelativelylong positingthatchangefromonespeciesto

spansduringwhichaspeciesmayhardlychangeatall.anothercannotoccurwithoutalengthytransitionperiodThepunctuatedequilibriumhypothesis,inoppositiontogradualism,holdsthattransitionsfromonespeciestoanotheroccurincomparativelysuddenburst. Accordingtoparagraph1and2, Accordingtoparagraph1and2,thepunctuatedequilibriumhypothesisthegradualismhypothesisdifferedWhetherallspeciesundergoWhetherevolutionproceedsataconstantHowmanynewspeciesoccuroverlongperiodsoftimeParagraph1andparagraph2aremarkedwithanarrow>

[微軟用戶4]:正確答案C。根據(jù)擇C，進(jìn)化是否是勻速發(fā)生的。據(jù)lackofintermediatefossils定位到換，而不是漸漸進(jìn)化改變的。所以ThepunctuatedequilibriumhypothesisAQ5Accordingtoparagraph3,theQ5Accordingtoparagraph3,thelackintermediatefossilsinthefossilrecordsome

attemptstoexplainacuriousfeatureofthefossilrecord---onethathasbeen

paleontologistforovera familiartopaleontologistformorethanacontradictstheideathatmostspecieshaveremainedunchangedformillionsofchallengestheviewthatevolutionarychangeisgradualismostcommoninthefossilrecords

centurybuthasusuallybeenignored.Manyspeciesappeartoremainunchangedinthefossilrecordformillionsofyears---asituationthatseemstobeatoddswithDarwin’smodeofcontinuouschange.Intermediated

clamandcoralParagraph3ismarkedwithan

fossilformspredictedbygradualismare有說服力的。A是驚奇的，Cspeciesofclamorcoralpersists essentiallyunchangedthroughoutathickwasonce是經(jīng)典的漸進(jìn)論的證明Q6Theword”compelling”inthepassage

formationofrock,onlytobereplacedsuddenlybyanewanddifferentspecies.

文既然說對gradualevolution很支closestinthemeaning

TheevolutionofNorthAmericanhorse持，那么后文出現(xiàn)equally whichwasoncepresentedasa 點(diǎn)斷論也是有力證據(jù)。因此選Q7Paragraph4mentionsthatNorthAmericanhorseshavechangedinallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTinthenumberoftoestheythelengthoftheirtheiroverallthenumberofyearstheyParagraph4ismarkedwithanQ8Theword“alteration”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto

textbookexampleofgradualevolution,isnowprovidingequallycompellingevidenceforpunctuatedequilibrium.Aconvincing50-million-yearsequenceofmodernhorseancestors---eachslightlylarger,withmorecomplexteeth,alongerface,andamoreprominentcentraltoe---seemedtoprovidestrongsupportforDarwin’scontentionthatspeciesevolvegradually.Butcloseexaminationofthosefossildepositsnowrevealsasomewhatdifferentstory.Horsesevolvedindiscretesteps,eachofwhichpersistedalmostunchangedformillionsofyearsandwaseventuallyreplacedbyadistinctivenewermodel.Thefour-toedEohippusprecededthethree-toedMiohippus,forexample,butNorthAmericanfossilevidencesuggestsajerky,uneventransitionbetweenthetwo.Ifevolutionhadbeenacontinuous,gradualprocess,onemightexpectthatalmosteveryfossilspecimenwouldbeslightlydifferentfromeveryyear.Ifitseemsdifficulttoconceivehowmajorchangescouldoccurrapidly,considerthis:analterationofasinglegeneinfilesisenoughtoturnanormalflywithasinglepairofwingsintoonethathastwopairsofwings.Thequestionabouttherateofevolutionmustnowbeturnedaround:doesevolutioneverproceedgradually,ordoesitalwaysoccurinshortbursts?Detailedfieldstudiesofthickrockformationscontainingfossilsprovidethebestpotentialtestsofthecompetingtheories.

批注[微軟用戶7]:排除題。正確答D選項(xiàng)沒有出現(xiàn)。[微軟用戶正確答案：，AlteatonABDQ9Q9Accordingtoparagraph7,Peterstudiesdemonstratedwhichofthefollowingabouttrilobites?Theyunderwentgradualchangeoveralongtimeperiod.TheyexperiencedanumberofdiscontinuoustransitionsduringtheirTheyremainedunchangedduringalongperiodofenvironmentalstability.Theyevolvedinwaysthatcannotbecountedforbyeitherofthetwocompetingtheories.Paragraph7ismarkedwithanclosestinmeaningOnceinaTosomeDescribeonetestofthecompeting evidencebothcompetingtheoriesExplainwhytrilobitesbecameParagraph7ismarkedwithan

Occasionally,asequenceoffossil-richlayersofrockpermitsacomprehensivelookatonetypeoforganismoveralongperiodoftime.Forexample,PeterSheldon’sstudiesoftrilobites,anowextinctmarineanimalwithasegmentedbody,offeradetailedglimpseintothreemillionyearsofevolutioninonemarineenvironment.Inthatstudy,eachofeightdifferenttrilobitespecieswasobservedtoundergoagradualchangeinthenumberofsegments---typicallyanincreaseofoneortwosegmentsoverthewholetimeinterval.Nosignificantdiscontinuouswereobserved,leadingSheldontoconcludethatenvironmentalconditionswerequitestableduringtheperiodheexamined.

后面對trilobites進(jìn)行了描述，A選項(xiàng)所以A正確。B與原文第四句沖突。C與第三句沖突，D原文沒有這種說法。而且上文也表明它符合gradual[]:正確答案，A是毫無疑問的，B是基本上，C是偶爾有一次。D應(yīng)該選批注[微軟用戶11]:正確答案A。上文說實(shí)地勘測會(huì)給competingtheories提供test，第七段就給了試驗(yàn)A正確。B與原C也不對，理由同上。D與原文目的totheTheybelievethatenvironmental

[微軟用戶12正確答案C。首condition的作用，那么后文應(yīng)該會(huì)出mayplayacrucialroleindeterminingwhichofthetwomodeswillbeinoperationoveragivenperiod.Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?Clickonasquaretoaddthesentencetothepassage.Directions:Directions:selectedfromthephrasesbelowthephrasesthatcharacterizepunctuatedequilibriumandphrasesthatcorrectlycharacterizegradualism.TwoofthephraseswillNOTbeused.Thisquestionisworth3points.Punctuated

Similarexhaustivestudiesarerequiredformanydifferentkindsoforganismsf