專(zhuān)題二非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1.(2021·全國(guó)乙卷，70)Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠(yuǎn)足)andaccommodationsaim(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.答案：tohaveaimtodosth“旨在做某事”為固定搭配。故填tohave。2．(2021·全國(guó)甲卷，43)Itispossible(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.答案：towalk句意：可以步行或騎自行車(chē)走完14公里。固定句型“Itispossibletodosth”，表示“做某事是可能的”，故填towalk。3．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ，66)ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang'e-4(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole－Aitkenbasin.答案：tofind句意：中國(guó)研究者希望使用嫦娥四號(hào)上的設(shè)備來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)和研究南極艾特肯盆地。此處表示目的，應(yīng)使用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。4．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ，69)Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.答案：surrounding句意：當(dāng)他看到霧氣從河上升起，山頂上烏云環(huán)繞，他不禁流下了眼淚。surround與邏輯主語(yǔ)clouds構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。5．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ，65)Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.答案：decorated句意：它們是很好的禮物，你會(huì)經(jīng)常看到它們被紅包和祝福信息點(diǎn)綴。them與decorate之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。6．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ，61)A90－year－oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for(be)Britain'soldestfull－timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.答案：being介詞for后跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要用其動(dòng)名詞形式。7．(2019·天津高考，4)(learn)tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday'schildrenwillneedforthefuture.答案：Learning設(shè)空處在主句中作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該用動(dòng)名詞形式。8．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ，短文改錯(cuò))Ilikeeatingfryingtomatoeswitheggs,andIthoughtitmustbeeasytocook.答案：frying→fried句意：我喜歡吃西紅柿炒雞蛋。動(dòng)詞fry與tomatoes之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。9．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ，短文改錯(cuò))Itellmymomthatifwe'reforcedeatthings,wemaybecomeill.答案：forced后加to句意：我告訴我媽媽?zhuān)绻覀儽黄瘸詵|西，我們可能會(huì)生病。beforcedtodosth“被迫做某事”，所以forced后加to。10．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ，短文改錯(cuò))Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,saythatIhadatalentforfootball.答案：say→saying主語(yǔ)Allthefootballplayers與say之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。一動(dòng)詞-ing形式1．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)[注意]①常見(jiàn)的后面接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))有：finish,practice,enjoy,mind,avoid,admit,appreciate,suggest,stand,risk,consider,escape,miss,delay,dislike,imagine,understand,feellike,lookforwardto,insiston,can'thelp,getdownto等。②既可接動(dòng)詞-ing形式又可接不定式的動(dòng)詞：③有關(guān)動(dòng)詞-ing形式的短語(yǔ)或句型：spendsometime(in)doingsth花時(shí)間做某事havefun/haveagoodtime/haveabadtimedoingsth做某事很(不)愉快have(no)difficultydoingsth做某事(沒(méi))有困難catchsbdoingsth發(fā)現(xiàn)某人在做某事thereisnopointdoingsth做某事沒(méi)有意義thereisnodenyingthat...毋庸置疑……It'snouse/gooddoingsth做某事沒(méi)有用/沒(méi)好處beworthdoingsth某事值得(被)做bebusydoingsth忙于做某事sthneedsdoing某事需要被做endupdoingsth最終做某事2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)[注意]英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞既可以用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)也可以用不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，但表達(dá)的意義有所不同。如seesbdosth(看到某人做了某事，表示看到事情的全過(guò)程)和seesbdoingsth(看到某人正在做某事，表示看到的是正在發(fā)生的事情)。二過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)續(xù)表三動(dòng)詞不定式1．動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)續(xù)表2．動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)(1)作狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)可以表示目的、結(jié)果、原因、程度等。動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，如果置于主句后，不定式前面常常不用逗號(hào)(出乎意料的結(jié)果除外)。①Heranfasttocatchthebus.(目的狀語(yǔ))②Ireturnedhomethatday,onlytofindthateverythingwasbeingingoodorder.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示出乎意料的結(jié)果)③Iamsorrytohearthat.(原因狀語(yǔ))④Shewouldn'tbesosillytosaythat.(程度狀語(yǔ))(2)作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)往往表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。①Hehasnothingtodo.②Wereachedanagreementtodotheworktogether.③Theymadeaplantodevelopnewproducts.Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Thepeopleborninthe1980sor1990sbelievethat(save)foodisavirtue.答案：saving句意：80后、90后認(rèn)為節(jié)約糧食是一種美德。此處賓語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，所以用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。故填saving。2．Fromoursurvey,wewerehappy(find)thefarmers'livingstandardgreatlyimproved.答案：tofindbehappytodosth“很高興做某事”。3．Theotherday,Isetout(see)howfaraphonewouldgetmeinthecountry'scapital.答案：toseesetouttodosth“打算做某事”，故填tosee。4．Theresponsestothequestionwerevarious,evensomequitefunnyones(include).答案：included句意：對(duì)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題，人們有各種各樣的回答，甚至包括一些相當(dāng)有趣的答案。ones和include之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。故填included。5．Youcantrusthim,heisaman(know)throughoutthebusinessfieldforhishonesty.答案：known句意：你可以信任他，他是一個(gè)在商界因誠(chéng)實(shí)而著稱(chēng)的人。know與其修飾的名詞man之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞known。6．(face)withadifficultsituation,Amolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.答案：Faced固定短語(yǔ)befacedwith“面對(duì)著……”；該短語(yǔ)是對(duì)句子主語(yǔ)Amold的情況進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。句意：面對(duì)著艱難的形勢(shì)，Amold(阿莫爾德)決定向老板征求建議。7．OurEnglishteacherstartedaWeChatGroup(communicate)withusafterschool.答案：tocommunicate句意：我們英語(yǔ)老師建了一個(gè)微信群，為了課后交流。表示目的，用動(dòng)詞不定式。8．(cover)840squaremiles,thenationalparkhasbeautifullakes,mountains,andforests.答案：Covering句意：占地面積840平方英里，這個(gè)國(guó)家公園里有湖泊、山脈和森林。邏輯主語(yǔ)thenationalpark與cover之間構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用動(dòng)詞-ing形式，故填Covering。9．Theexperience(gain)fromfailureisofgreatvaluetous.答案：gained句意：從失敗中獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)我們很有價(jià)值。動(dòng)詞gain與其所修飾的名詞experience之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，用gained。10．AgrowingtrendinChinanowgivescustomerstheoptions(pay)thebillbyscanningaQRcodeorcash.答案：topay句意：在中國(guó)現(xiàn)在有一個(gè)不斷增長(zhǎng)的趨勢(shì)，讓顧客選擇掃碼或者現(xiàn)金支付賬單。修飾名詞options，用動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Tomakeiteasiertogetintouchwithus,you'dbettertokeepthiscardathand.答案：去掉better后的to句意：為了更容易地和我們?nèi)〉寐?lián)系，你最好把這張卡片放在手邊。hadbetterdosth“最好做某事”，為固定搭配。2．Seeingfromthetopofthehill,thegardenlooksmorebeautiful.答案：Seeing→Seenthegarden與see之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。3．Employdozensoflocalwomen,weproducehandmadegoodswithuniquedesignsthatsellwelloverseas.答案：Employ→Employingwe是employ這一動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，表示主動(dòng)，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。4．Offeredtheopportunitytospeakatthegraduationceremonymademeoverjoyed.答案：Offered→Beingoffered句意：被給予在畢業(yè)典禮上發(fā)言的機(jī)會(huì)讓我欣喜若狂。本句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是made，“我”應(yīng)是“被給予機(jī)會(huì)”，故應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式作主語(yǔ)。5．Withnothingleavingtoburn,thefirebecameweakandfinallydiedout.答案：leaving→left句意：沒(méi)有剩下什么東西可燃燒，火越來(lái)越弱最后熄滅了。句中nothing和動(dòng)詞leave之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò)(2022·黑龍江省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三第三次月考)LastFridaymorning,hardlyhadIreachedschoolwhilemyattentionwascaughtbyabigposteronthenoticeboard,sayingthatitwouldbetheWorldEarthDayinafewofdays.Respondingactivetothis,myclassmatessettoworkimmediately.Intheafternoon,webroughttoschoolwhattheythoughttobeoflittlevalue.Usescissorsandpaste,wemadeshoppingbagandartworksoutofthem.Afterschool,wewenttothelocalcommunityandlaunchedacampaign,givingupwhatwehadmadeandcallingonpeopletomakebestofwhattheythoughttobeuseless.Meanwhile,weholdalectureinthecommunitytoraisepeople'sawarenessofprotectingtheearth.Wehadabusybutmeaningtime.答案：LastFridaymorning,hardlyhadIreachedschooleq\o(while,\s\do8(①when))myattentionwascaughtbyabigposteronthenoticeboard,sayingthatitwouldbetheWorldEarthDayinafeweq\o(eq\o(of,＼),\s\do9(②))days.Respondingeq\o(active,\s\do8(③actively))tothis,myclassmatessettoworkimmediately.Intheafternoon,webroughttoschoolwhateq\o(they,\s\do8(④we))thoughttobeoflittlevalue.eq\o(Use,\s\do8(⑤Using))scissorsandpaste,wemadeshoppingeq\o(bag,\s\do8(⑥bags))andartworksoutofthem.Afterschool,wewenttothelocalcommunityandlaunchedacampaign,givingeq\o(up,\s\do8(⑦away))whatwehadmadeandcallingonpeopletomakeeq\o(∧,\s\do8(⑧the))bestofwhattheythoughttobeuseless.Meanwhile,weeq\o(hold,\s\do8(⑨held))alectureinthecommunitytoraisepeople'sawarenessofprotectingtheearth.Wehad