SectionⅢUsinglanguage&Writing

語法專項突破寫作能力提升課后限時訓練名著賞析?素養(yǎng)提能現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)一、構(gòu)成肯定式主語＋have/hasbeendone...否定式主語＋have/hasnotbeendone...一般疑問式Have/Has＋主語＋beendone...？特殊疑問式疑問詞＋have/has＋主語＋beendone...？◆Hehasbeenselectedtotakepartinthesportsmeeting.他已被挑選出來參加運動會。◆Theinkhasnotbeenremovedfromhisovercoat.墨跡還沒有從他外套上去掉。◆Hasthedateforthenextmeetingbeendecided?下次會議的日期已確定了嗎？◆Howlonghasthebatterynotbeenchanged?電池多久沒有更換了？二、用法1．現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)同它的主動語態(tài)一樣，強調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，通常與already，yet，just，never，recently等副詞連用。◆Themachinehasalreadybeenrepaired.機器已經(jīng)修好了。

2.表示一個被動的動作或狀態(tài)開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能持續(xù)下去，常與for或since引導的時間狀語連用，或用于“Howlong...？”句型中。◆Financialproblemsofthecompanyhavebeendiscussedfornearlytwohours.公司的財務問題已被討論了近兩個小時了。◆Howlonghasthisfilmbeenshown?這部電影已放映多長時間了？3．用在時間或條件狀語從句中，表示將來某時已完成的動作，即用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)代替將來完成時的被動語態(tài)。◆Youshouldn'tleaveschoolbeforeyourhomeworkhasbeenfinished.在你的作業(yè)沒完成之前你不應該離開學校。[溫馨提示]常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的時間狀語有：already

已經(jīng)yet已經(jīng)recently/lately最近

sincethen從那時起eversince自那以來

ever曾經(jīng)sofar迄今為止

bynow到現(xiàn)在為止foralongtime很長一段時間inrecentyears在最近幾年里in/during/overthepast/lastyears在過去的幾年里三、注意事項

1.只帶有一個賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。◆Hisbosshasalreadypunishedhim.→Hehasalreadybeenpunished(byhisboss)．2．帶有雙賓語的動詞，如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，一般將間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，若將直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語時，間接賓語前面要用相應的介詞。◆Thecompanyhasgivenhimachancetoworkabroadrecently.→Hehasbeengivenachancetoworkabroadrecently(bythecompany)．→Achancetoworkabroadhasbeengiventohimrecently(bythecompany)．最近公司給了他一個到國外工作的機會。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Agreatmanymachines____________________(produce)bythefactorysincethetechnologicalrevolution.2．Greatchanges____________(take)placeinmyhometownandalotoffactories____________(set)upinthepasttenyears.3．Inthelastfewyears,thousandsoffilms______________________(produce)allovertheworld.4．Uptonow,alotofhigh-risebuildings_________________(build)inourcity.havebeenproduced

havetaken

havebeensethavebeenproduced

havebeenbuilt5．BecauseJackwasalwayslateforwork,Lilyjusttoldmehe____________(fire)sincelastmonth.6．Therobots_______________(use)tohelphumansdosomedangerousworksincethelate1990s.7．—Whydidyouleavethatposition?—I____________(offer)abetterpositionatIBM.8．ProfessorYang________________(invite)tothefilmfestivaltwicesofar.9．Agreatdealofmoney________________(devote)tothoseschoolsinthecountrysidesofar.hadbeenfired

havebeenused

wasoffered

hasbeeninvitedhasbeendevoted10．Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool__________(send)abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.Ⅱ.語法與寫作1．____________________________________(男孩們已經(jīng)被多次告知)nottoswiminthatlake,butitdoesn'tmakeanydifference.2．WearegladtobetoldthatLiTao__________________________________(已經(jīng)被復旦大學錄取)forhistopscoresintheMathsContest.weresentTheboyshavebeentoldmanytimeshasbeenadmittedtoFudanUniversity3．Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday____________________(沒有確定)yet.4．Thoughwedon'tknowwhatwasdiscussed,yetwecanfeelthetopic____________________(已被改變了)．5．Thatbook____________________(被翻譯成)intoatleast20foreignlanguagessofar.hasnotbeendecidedhasbeenchangedhasbeentranslated實驗報告[文體分析]實驗報告是把實驗目的、方法、過程、結(jié)果等記錄下來，經(jīng)過整理寫成的書面匯總材料。實驗報告要明確體現(xiàn)實驗目的、步驟和結(jié)果，對具體實驗現(xiàn)象的描述要客觀準確，分析要全面具體，語言要簡潔質(zhì)樸、通俗易懂。[常用句式]1．描寫實驗目的：(1)．..carryoutanexperimenttofindout...(2)Theaimoftheexperimentistofind...(3)．..withthepurposeofdiscovering...2．描寫實驗用品：(1)Tocarryout/make/do/performtheexperiment,youneed...(2)Thefollowingthingsareneeded...(3)Thefollowingapparatusisused...3．描寫實驗方法或過程：(1)．..makegoodpreparationsfor...(2)Itisimportantthat...(3)．..dotheexperimentasfollows.(4)firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally;first,then,next,afterthat,twohours'later;afterseveraldays(5)findabetterwayofdoing(6)makeagoodstudyof4．描寫實驗結(jié)論：(1)Fromthisexperimentwecanconclude...(2)．..draw/cometotheconclusionthat...(3)Wecanlearnfromtheexperimentthat...(4)Wecanfindoutthat...(5)Youcansee/discover...(6)Inconclusion...[寫作要求]化學課上學習了關于溶解的知識后，請你根據(jù)下表做一個化學實驗，比較橘子汁和食用油在水中的溶解情況，然后用英語寫一份詞數(shù)80左右的實驗報告，給出結(jié)論。實驗目的觀察橘子汁和食用油這兩種物質(zhì)是否溶解于水實驗器材試管；小勺(spoon)實驗方法(1)將水分別注入兩個試管中，并確保水位相等；(2)把兩種物質(zhì)分別放在裝有水的兩個試管里；(3)待5分鐘后觀察反應實驗結(jié)果橘子汁溶解(dissolve)了，食用油沒有任何反應[審題謀篇]體裁說明文話題實驗報告時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時人稱第三人稱[詞句推敲]1．詞匯①實驗的目的___________________________________②查明___________③把……倒入……_______________④相等的_________⑤同時____________________⑥五分鐘后____________________theaim/purposeoftheexperiment

findout

o...

equal

atthesametime

fiveminuteslater2．句式①五分鐘后，橘子汁已經(jīng)溶解了，但食用油仍保留在表面上。

Afterfiveminutes,theorangejuicehasdissolved,buttheoilremainsonthesurface.→____________________________________________________________________________________(用高級詞匯later,however改寫上面的句子)Fiveminuteslater,theorangejuicehasdissolved.However,theoilremainsonthesurface.②橘子汁很快溶解了，食用油沒有任何反應。

Orangejuicedissolvesinwaterquickly.Oilishardtodissolveinwater.→__________________________________________________________________(用while把上面的句子改寫成并列句)Orangejuicedissolvesinwaterquicklywhileoilishardtodissolveinwater.[妙筆成篇]_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[參考范文]Aim:Tofindoutwhetheroilandorangejuicedissolveinwater.Apparatus:testtubes;spoonsMethod:Pourwaterintotwotesttubes.Makesurethewaterlevelisequalineithertube.Putaspoonfuloforangejuiceintoonetube,andaspoonfulofoilintotheother.Putthemintothetubesatthesametime;leavethetubesforfiveminutes.Result:Fiveminuteslater,theorangejuicehasdissolved.However,theoilremainsonthesurface.Conclusion:Orangejuicedissolvesinwaterquicklywhileoilishardtodissolveinwater.名著賞析·素養(yǎng)提能【導讀】

《小婦人》是一部以美國南北戰(zhàn)爭為背景，以19世紀美國新英格蘭地區(qū)的一個普通家庭四個姐妹之間的生活瑣事為藍本的帶有自傳色彩的家庭倫理小說。LittleWomen(excerpt)

“WewereintheSloughofDespondtonight,andMothercameandpulledusoutasHelpdidinthebook.Weoughttohaveourrollofdirections,likeChristian.Whatshallwedoaboutthat？”askedJo,delightedwiththefancywhichlentalittleromancetotheverydulltaskofdoingherduty.

“LookunderyourpillowsChristmasmorning,andyouwillfindyourguidebook，”

repliedMrs.March.TheytalkedoverthenewplanwhileoldHannahclearedthetable,thenoutcamethefourlittleworkbaskets,andtheneedlesflewasthegirlsmadesheetsforAuntMarch.Itwasuninterestingsewing,buttonightnoonegrumbled.TheyadoptedJo'splanofdividingthelongseamsintofourparts,andcallingthequartersEurope,Asia,Africa,andAmerica,andinthatwaygotoncapitally,especiallywhentheytalkedaboutthedifferentcountriesastheystitchedtheirwaythroughthem.Atninetheystoppedwork,andsang,asusual,beforetheywenttobed.NoonebutBethcouldgetmuchmusicoutoftheoldpiano,butshehadawayofsoftlytouchingtheyellowkeysandmakingapleasantaccompanimenttothesimplesongstheysang.Meghadavoicelikeaflute,andsheandhermotherledthelittlechoir.Amychirpedlikeacricket，andJowanderedthroughtheairsatherownsweetwill,alwayscomingoutatthewrongplacewithacroakoraquaverthatspoiledthemostpensivetune.Theyhadalwaysdonethisfromthetimetheycouldlisp...Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar,andithadbecomeahouseholdcustom,forthemotherwasabornsinger.《小婦人》(節(jié)選)

“我們今晚本來處于‘絕望的深淵’，媽媽像書中的‘幫助’一樣來把我們拉了出去。我們應該像基督教徒一樣有幾本指導手冊。這事怎么辦好呢？”喬問，為自己的想象力給沉悶的任務添加了幾分浪漫色彩而自鳴得意。

“圣誕節(jié)一早看看你們的枕下，就會找到指導手冊了，”馬奇太太說。罕娜嬤嬤收拾桌子時，大家開始討論新計劃，然后取出四個裝活計的小籃子，姐妹們開始飛針走線，為馬奇太太縫制被單。針線活是個沉悶的活兒，不過今天晚上誰也沒有抱怨。她們采納喬的建議，把長長的縫口分為四段，分別稱為歐洲、亞洲、非洲和美洲。這樣果然縫得快多了。她們一邊縫一邊談論針線穿越的不同國家，更覺進展神速。九點鐘的時候大家停下活兒，像平時那樣先唱歌再去睡覺。家里有架老掉牙的鋼琴，除了貝思，大家都不大會彈。她輕輕觸動泛黃的琴鍵，大家隨著悠揚的琴聲唱了起來。梅格的嗓音像蘆笛一樣動聽，她和母親擔任這支小演唱隊的領唱。艾美歌聲清脆，如蟋蟀的鳴叫，喬則任由歌聲在空中飄蕩，總是在不適宜的時候冒出個顫音或怪叫聲來，把最深沉的曲調(diào)給糟蹋掉。打從牙牙學語的時候開始，她們就一直這樣唱：小星星，亮晶晶，如今這已成了家里的慣例，因為她們的母親就是個天生的歌唱家。8．TheytalkedoverthenewplanwhileoldHannahclearedthetable,thenoutcamethefourlittleworkbaskets,andtheneedlesflewasthegirlsmadesheetsforAuntMarch.分析：該句中whileoldHannahclearedthetable作時間狀語，outcame將out提前作強調(diào)，asthegirlsmadesheetsforAuntMarch作時間狀語。Unit3Theworldofscience第1課時

Warm-upReadabouttheinventionsfromthefamousnovelsandchoosethosethathavebecomeareality.1.thecloakofinvisibility2.thetimemachine3.thetimemachine4.videotelephony

Watchthevideoandanswerthequestions.1.Whichoftheinventionsinthevideointerestsyoumost?Why?2.Whichoftheinventionsinthevideodoyouthinkwillbecomeareality?3.Ofalltheinventionsintheworld,whichdoyouthinkisthemostuseful?Why?Nostandardanswers.Ofalltheinventionsintheworld,thecomputeriswhatIamthemostinterestedin.Thereasonisthatcomputerscandokindsofwork.Theyarealreadywidelyusedinindustries,scienceandotherfields.Withthehelpofpowerfulcomputers,greatbreakthroughshavebeenmadeindifferentaspects.Besides,inourdailylife,manypeopleusethecomputerstodorelaxingthingssuchasplayingcomputergames,listeningtomusicandsoon.Pre-readingLookatthepicturesandtalkabouthowthewaywelivehaschangedovertime.Discussthereasonsbehindthesechanges.Inthepast

Peoplelivedatraditionalandsimplelife.Muchmanualworkisdonebyhand.Besideshardlivingconditions,students’

studyying

wayis

singleandpassive.Nowadays

Technologyisoneofthemostimportantfactorstopromoteoursocietytodevelopfromoneeratoanother.Whetheryouareawareofitornot,everydayateverytimetechnologyisgreatlyinfluencingthewayweliveandwork.Computers,newtechnologyinthe21thcentury,arethebestexamples.Asthegreatestinventionsofhumanbeings,theyarebeingusedmoreandmoreextensivelyintheworldtoday.Especiallywhentheirfunctionsareamplifiedwiththehelpofinternet,computersmayevenmakeeverythingconvenientandpossible.Vocabularypressv.按shootv.射出gunpowdern.火藥compassn.指南針virtualreality虛擬現(xiàn)實wearabletech可穿戴技術flexibleadj.易彎曲的batteryn.電池inaddition除此之外computev.計算capableadj.有能力的stuffn.東西，物品desiren.渴望，欲望neversaynever別輕易說絕不SkimmingReadthepassagefastandfindouttheanswersofthequestions.1.Whatinventionsarenotmentionedintheinterview?A.thefourgreatinventionsinAncientChina.B.ThegreatWesterninventionsC.computingtechnologyandsolartechnologyD.spacetechnologyandmedicaltechnology2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?A.DrRichardthinkthepresentdayisanewageforinventions.B.Lotsofnewinventionsarebasedontechnologies.C.Astrongdesiretocreatethingscansurelymakeitarealitytoinventthings.D.DrRichardisaninventorhimself.3.WhatkindofbookisthemostprobablythebookTheNewAgeofInvention?A.atravelguideB.ascience

fictionC.aself-biographyD.apopularsciencebookKey:DCDScanningChoosethesentencesthatdescribDrFairhurst'sopinions.1.InventionsinAncientChinawerebetterthanthoseintheWest.

2.Alotoftoday'sgreatinventionsaretech-based.3.Today,mostinvento