賓語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)講解及練習(xí)（有答案）賓語(yǔ)從句一、基本概念定義：在句子中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。二、賓語(yǔ)從句分類動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句e.g.Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句e.g.Itdependsonwhetheritisgoingtorain.形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句,即系詞+心理狀態(tài)形容詞+賓語(yǔ)e.gIamafraidthathecan'tfinishthework.三、賓語(yǔ)從句用法詳解1.賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為陳述句的語(yǔ)序。即主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)的順序。如：Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.注意：在賓語(yǔ)從句中帶有特殊疑問(wèn)詞但句序不變的句子：What’sthematter?What’syourtrouble?What’syourproblem?What’sup?What’syourname?典型例題1.Canyoutellme____?A.whomdowehavetoseeB.whomwehavetosee2.Theteacheraskedthestudents____.A.whattheyweredoingB.whatweretheydoing3.Shewantstoknow____.A.wheredoesheliveB.Wherehelives4.Herfatherasked_____.A.whothetallestisB.whoisthetallest5.Doyouknow____?A.whatisonthedeskB.whatonthedeskis答案：BABBA2.賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)1）.若主句時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就用什么時(shí)態(tài)。即從句可用所需任何時(shí)態(tài)，如：Idon’tthink(that)youareright.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?HesaysMaryisplayingwiththecat.HesaysMaryoftenplayswiththecat.HesaysMarywillplaywiththecat.Ithinkheleftyesterdaymorning.2）.如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句只能用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)）。例如：Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.注意：直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)的變化：Hesaid,“Maryisplayingwiththecat.”→HesaidMarywasplayingwiththecat.Hesaid,“hewillgobacktoChinasoon.”→HesaidhewouldgobacktoChinasoon3）.如果賓語(yǔ)從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制。例如：OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.Theteachersaid,“themoonmovesaroundthesun.”→Theteachersaidthatthemoonmovesaroundthesun.Hesaid,“l(fā)ighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”→Hesaidlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.【講解】告訴學(xué)生，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題仍然只是時(shí)態(tài)的問(wèn)題，跟賓語(yǔ)從句其實(shí)沒(méi)啥關(guān)系，請(qǐng)不要把這個(gè)當(dāng)作新的知識(shí)點(diǎn)來(lái)講，請(qǐng)用時(shí)態(tài)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)來(lái)講。4）.當(dāng)主句為Couldyou(please)tellus-----?時(shí)，只表示語(yǔ)氣，而不表示過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。典型例題用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Hesaysthathe_________(read)now.2．Canyoutellmeifthey_________(finish)theworkalready？3．DouyouknowwhereJohn________(go)yesterday?4．Mysistertoldmeshe_________(be)freetomorrow.5．Iwantedtoknowifyou__________(like)themovie.6．Theteachertoldustheearth_________(go)aroundthesun.7．Couldyoutellmeifthere__________(be)ahospitalnearhere?答案：isreadinghavefinishedwentwouldbelikedgoes3.賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞1）、That只起連接作用，在句子中不做句子成分，在口語(yǔ)中常被省略2）、If和whether起連接作用，不做句子成分。（注意：與不定式連用；做介詞的賓語(yǔ)；與ornot連用-----用whether）。3）、疑問(wèn)詞who、what、when、where、whom、whose、why、how、which在句子中既起連接作用，又做句子成分。4）當(dāng)主句為Couldyou(please)tellus-----?時(shí)，只表示語(yǔ)氣，而不表示過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。4..主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來(lái),其反義疑問(wèn)句一般與賓語(yǔ)從句一致.Ithinkheisn’tastudent.×Idon’tthinkheisastudent.√Idon’tthinkheisastudent.ishe?如果賓語(yǔ)從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞,其反義疑問(wèn)句要用肯定形式.Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe？典型例題1．Ithinkheisagoodteacher,_____________.（反意疑問(wèn)句）I_________thinkhe________goodteacher.(將上句變否定句）2．Idon’tknowifhe________(come)tomorrowifhe_______(come),Iwillhaveapartyforhim3．DoyouknowwhenMary____________(arrive)？Whenshe_____(arrive),pleasetellme4．CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?Canyoutellme___________________therailwaystation?答案：isn’thedon’tiswillcomecomeswillarrivearriveshowtogetto5.賓語(yǔ)從句的句型轉(zhuǎn)換1）.陳述句變?yōu)閠hat引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句e.g.1.Hesaid,“YouareyoungerthanI”.HesaidthatIwasyoungerthanhim.2.Hesays,“Tomisagoodstudent”.HesaysthatTomisagoodstudent.2）.一般疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)閕f/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句（將普通的一般疑問(wèn)句變成賓語(yǔ)從句if/whether連接，同時(shí)變成陳述句語(yǔ)序。）e.g.1.Shesaid,“Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspaper?”Shesaidif(whether)Ioftencameheretoreadnewspaper2.“WilltheygotovisittheGreatWall?”heasked.Heaskedif(whether)theywouldgovisittheGreatWall.3）.特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)閣ho,what,when等引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句（將普通的特殊疑問(wèn)句變成賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句的語(yǔ)序要由疑問(wèn)句變成陳述句的語(yǔ)序。）e.g.1.Heasked,“Wheredoyoulive?”HeaskedwhereIlived.2.“Howcanwegettothepost-office?”heasked.Heaskedhowtheycouldgettothepost-office.4）.祈使句變?yōu)橐龑?dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句（將祈使句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用ask/tell/ordersb(not)todosth等轉(zhuǎn)述。）e.g.1.MrGreensaidtohisson,“Openthedoor.”MrGreentoldhissontoopenthedoor.2.Thepoliceshoutedtohim,“Handsup.”Thepoliceorderedhimtoputuphishands.注意：（一）當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí)，直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)變化如下：2）人稱的變化(1).直接引語(yǔ)中第一人稱在間接引語(yǔ)中應(yīng)與主句的主語(yǔ)人稱一致。Shesaid,“Iliketennis.”→Shesaidthatshelikedtennis.(2)．直接引語(yǔ)中第二人稱在間接引語(yǔ)中應(yīng)與主句的賓語(yǔ)人稱一致。Hesaidtolily,“Youhavetogetupearly.”→Hetoldlilythatshehadtogetupearly.(3)．直接引語(yǔ)中第三人稱在間接引語(yǔ)中保持不變。Hesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”→Hetoldtometheywantedtohelphim.”【講解】（口訣：一主，二賓，三不變）典型例題1.Theradiosaysit_________cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)3.Tomsaysthatthey____________(play)basketballatsixo’clockyesterdayevening.4.Ihearthey__________(return)italready.5.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)6.Heaskedwhatthey__________ateightlastnight.(do)7.Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_______fasterthansound.(travel)8.Ithinkyou__________abouttherelayracenow.(talk)9.Ididn’tknowwhomtheletters_________from.(be)10.Ididn’tknowwhattimehe_______theletter.(write)11.MissWangtoldmethattheearth______(move)roundtheearth.12.Couldyoutellmewho_________awaythebookalready?(take)13.LingFengtoldmehe_________toseveraltimes.(be)14.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_______intheeast.(rise)15.Canyoutellmewhatthey______yesterday?(do)答案：willbegoeswereplayinghasreturnedhadbeenweredoingtravelsaretalkingwerewrotemoveshastakenhasbeenrisesdid課堂檢測(cè)Choosethebestanswer.()1.MissGreendidn’ttellus_____in2009.A.wheredoessheliveB.whereshelivesC.wheredidsheliveD.whereshelived()2.Wouldyoupleasetellme_____?A.whendidhecomehomeB.wherehewouldplayfootballC.ifhehadseenthefilmD.whyhedidn’twatchthegame()3.Idon’tknowwhen_____.A.willthetrainleaveB.thetrainwillleaveC.wouldthetrainleaveD.thetrainleave()4.---Wedon’tknow______.---ItissaidthathewasborninSweden.A.whatheisB.ifheliveshereC.wherehecomesfromD.whichcountryishefrom()5.Doyouknow______duringthecomingsummerholiday?A.whatwillTomdoB.whatdidTomdoC.whatTomwilldoD.whatTomdid()6.Iwanttoknow_____.A.whatishisnameB.what’shisnameC.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis()7.Couldyoutellme_____thebikethismorning?A.howdoeshemendB.howhemendsC.howhemendedD.howdidhemend()8.Youcan’timagine_____whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited()9.Everymorningthepatientsareaskedif______theirtemperaturetaken.A.theyhadhadB.havetheyhadC.theyhavehadD.hadtheyhad()10.It’suptoyoutodecide______you’llgothere,byairorbyroad.A.howB.whyC.thatD.whenKeys:1-5.DDBCC6-10.DCBCA四．學(xué)法總結(jié)賓語(yǔ)從句須注意，幾點(diǎn)事項(xiàng)應(yīng)牢記。一是關(guān)鍵引導(dǎo)詞，不同句子詞相異。陳述句子用that；一般疑問(wèn)是否(if，whether)替；特殊問(wèn)句更好辦，引導(dǎo)還用疑問(wèn)詞。二是時(shí)態(tài)常變化，主句不同從句異。主句若為現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)看意；主句若為過(guò)去時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)向前移。【經(jīng)典】近年上海中考賓語(yǔ)從句真題7.Themanagerthatthebusinesswouldbeworseafterthestock(股票)wentdown.(02)CA.talkedB.toldCsaidD.spoke,15.I'dliketoknow(02)A.whenwillhegivebackthetapeB.whetherhashereceivedhighereducationCthathehasbeenbusyD.whethershewilljoininourEnglishEveningD50.ProfessorNelsonwantedtoknow______.(05)A)whenwouldtheconferencebeginB)whentheconferencewouldbeginC)whenwilltheconferencebeginD)WhentheconferencewillbeginB49.Ourclassteacheraskedthemonitor______.(06)A)whydidn’tBillcometoschoolB)whydoesn’tBillcometoschoolC)whyBilldidn’tcometoschoolD)whyBilldoesn’tcometoschoolC40.I_____youalreadythatwashinghandsoftenwillhelppreventA-H1N1Flu.(09)A)tellB)toldC)havetoldD)amtellingC48.Couldyoupleasetellus________inShanghai?(09)A)whenwillyouvisittheWorldExpoB)whenyouwillvisittheWorldExpoC)whentheWorldExpowillyouvisitD)WhentheWorldExpoyouwillvisitB48.Iwanttoknow__________.(10)A)whenweshouldarriveattheairport.B)Whenshouldwearriveattheairport.C)Whentheairportweshouldarriveat.D)Whentheairportshouldwearriveat.A【經(jīng)典】近四年一、二模中考真題1.Aftertheaccident,citizensarewonderingabout____________totheseriousevents.（奉賢區(qū)一模43）BA.willthegovernmenttakeactionB.howwillthegovernmenttakeactionC.howthegovernmentwilltakeactionD.ifwillthegovernmenttakeaction2.Ifyoutravelaroundtheworld,youwillbesurprisedat________.（徐匯區(qū)一模43）AA)howdifferenttheforeigncustomsareB)howtheforeigncustomsaredifferentC)howdifferentaretheforeigncustomsD)howaretheforeigncustomsdifferent3.A:Couldyoutellme______?（嘉定一模43）CB:Sure.Walkstraightalongthisstreetandyouwillfindit.A.howcanIgettothepostofficeB.whereisthepostofficeC.whichisthewaytothepostofficeD.howfaristhepostoffice4.Couldyoutellme?（浦東一模43）DA.howcouldIprotectmyselffromtheairpollutionB.howcanIprotectmyselffromtheairpollutionC.howIcouldprotectmyselffromtheairpollutionD.howIprotectcanmyselffromtheairpollution5.Jack'smotherwondered________.（寶山一模42）BA)howmuchhecostthecomputerB)howmuchhepaidforthecomputerC)howmuchthecomputerwillcosthimD)howmuchdidhespendonthecomputer二模1.Annsaidshe_________theresultoftheirgroupdiscussioninthefollowingclass.（普陀二模40）CA.reportsB.reportedC.wouldreportD.hadreported2.Themanageraskedhimifhefortheextraworkthenextweekend.(松江二模38）CA.hadcomeB.willcomeC.WouldcomeD.came3.Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon'tknow________.（長(zhǎng)寧二模43）CA)whichshouldIchooseB)whatshouldIchooseC)whichIshouldcho6seD)whatIshouldchoose4.Thewritertoldthechildrenthatshe_______quiteafewdetectivestoriesinthelastfewyears.（嘉定二模35)DA.wroteB.haswrittenC.waswrittenD.hadwritten5.Ourclassteacheraskedus_________.(嘉定二模43）DA.whydoesn’tSusancomeforthepicnicB.whydidn’tSusancomeforthepicnicC.whySusannotcomeforthepicnicD.whySusandidn’tcomeforthepicnic6.Hi,couldyoupleasetellme________yourfatherhasgonetoSydney?(金山二模43）DA)whenB)howoftenC)howlongD)if7.Charlessaidthathe__________tenniswithJohnthisFridayafternoon（黃浦二模38）DA.playsB.isplayingC.willplayD.wouldplay一模1.Jerrytoldmehe____________onanoldman'seyesinthehospitalthisSunday.A)willoperateB)wouldoperateC)operatedD)hasoperated（虹口區(qū)一模41）2.Icouldhardlyunderstand______inclass,soIraisedmyhandtoask.A)whatmyteachersaidB)whatdidmyteachersayC)whathasmyteachersayD)whatmyteacherhassaid（靜安區(qū)一模34）3.Manystudentsasked________.A)whyweren’ttheyallowedtoplayduringlunchbreakB)whyduringlunchbreakweren’ttheyallowedtoplayC)whytheyduringlunchbreakweren’tallowedtoplayD)whytheyweren’tallowedtoplayduringlunchbreak（徐匯區(qū)一模42）4.Themoviestarisafraidthatshewillberecognizedasshe_________attheairport.A.arrivesB.arrivedC.willarriveD.arrive（長(zhǎng)寧區(qū)一模41）5.Mr.Kingdoesn'tknowwhattime________backhomeyesterdayevening.A.doeshissoncomeB.hissoncomesC.didhissoncomeD.hissoncame（長(zhǎng)寧區(qū)一模43）2014年一模1—5BADAD一模1.Couldyoutellme_____________?A)whoisheB)ifhewillattendthemeetingtomorrowC)where’sthenearestfastfoodrestaurantD)whathehasreceivedmyChristmascards2.Couldyoutellme?A)whentheplanewilltakeoffB)whenwilltheplanetakeoffC)whentheplanewouldtakeoffD)whenwouldtheplanetakeoff3..Noonecanexactlytelluswhat___________.A)doesMonaLisa’ssmilemeanB)MonaLisa’ssmilemeansC)MonaLisa’ssmiledoesD)doesMonaLisa’ssmile4.A:Excuseme,couldyoupleasetellme________?B:Yes.It’sat123XinhuaRoad,justnearthedowntown.A)wheretheStarHotelisB)wheretheStarHotelwasC)howgettotheStarHotelD)howcanIgettotheStarHotel5..Couldyoutellme________findanotherinterestingdetectivestorytoread?A)whereIcanB)wherecanIC)whereIcouldD)wherecouldI1—5BABAA二模1.Didyouaskthem________?A.whenaretheygoingtosetoutB.whentheyaregoingtosetoutC.whenweretheygoingtosetoutD.whentheyweregoingtosetout2.Quiteafewcitizenswondered________.A)howcouldtheyprotectthemselvesfromtheairpollutionB)howtheycouldprotectthemselvesfromtheairpollutionC)howfromtheairpollutioncouldtheyprotectthemselvesD)howtheyfromtheairpollutioncouldprotectthemselves3.Couldyoutellme________lateforthemeetingyesterday?(長(zhǎng)寧)A.whywereyouB.whyyouwereC.whyareyouD.whyyouare4.—Couldyoutellme________youdiditsowell?(虹口)—Withmyparents’help.A)whoB)howC)whenD)what5.A:Showmethemap,please.Iwonder________.(寶山、嘉定)B:Look,it'shere,intheeastofChina,nearTaiwanProvince.A)whereisDiaoyuIslandB)whereisDiaoyuIslandlocatedC)wheredoesDiaoyuIslandlieD)whereDiaoyuIslandislocated6.Couldyoutellme________justnow?(靜安、青浦)A)whereheputshiscupB)wherehadheputhiscupC)whereheputhiscupD)wheredidheputhiscup1—5DBBBD6C一模1.Wouldyoupleasetellme?（崇明縣）A.whenwillwehaveanEnglishexamB.whenwewillhaveanEnglishexamC.whenwouldwehaveanEnglishexamD.whenwewouldhaveanEnglishexam2.Couldyoutellme?（嘉定區(qū)）A.whenwillthenextbullettrainleaveforNanjingB.whenthenextbullettrainwillleaveforNanjingC.whenwouldthenextbullettrainleaveforNanjingD.whenthenextbullettrainwouldleaveforNanjing3.—Couldyoutellmetomorrowevening?（盧灣區(qū)）——Well,itwillstartat9o'clock.A.whenthefilmwillstartB.whenwillthefilmstartC.whenthefilmwouldstartD.whenwouldthefilmstart4.Jack'smotherwantstoknow.A.whenwillJackcomebackB.whenJackwillcomebackC.whenwouldJackcomebackD.whenJackwouldcomeback5.Iwonder.（楊浦區(qū)）A.whentheuniversitycampusinChinaopenstothepublicB.whenwilltheuniversitycampusinChinaopentothepublicC.whenwouldopentheuniversitycampusinChinatothepublicD.whentheuniversitycampusinChinawillopentothepublic6.Theoldladycouldn’tremember.（靜安區(qū)）A.whereshehadputherglassesB.wherehadsheputherglassesC.wheresheputsherglassesD.wheredidsheputherglasses7.I’dliketoseeyouoffattheairport.Couldyoutellme_______?（長(zhǎng)寧區(qū)）A.whenyourplanetookoffB.whendidyourplanetakeoffC.whenyourplanetakesoffD.whendoesyourplanetakeoff8.Jack'smotherwantstoknow.(青浦區(qū))A.whenwillJackcomebackB.whenJackwillcomebackC.whenwouldJackcomebackD.whenJackwouldcomeback答案：1—5BBABD6—8ACB二模1.Hedidn'ttellus______.（寶山）A.ifhewillgiveusalecture,B.whetherhewouldgowithyouC.whenwouldhestartD.whenhewillarrive2.Excuseme,couldyoupleasetellus__________?（長(zhǎng)寧）A.howcanwegettotheairportB.howwecangettotheairportC.howcouldwegettotheairportD.howwecouldgettotheairport3.Nobodyknows________playerwillwinthegameuntilthelastmoment.（黃浦）A.whichB.whenC.howD.where4.Ididn’tunderstand__________inclass,soIraisedmyhand.（靜安）AwhatmyteachersaidBwhatdidtheteachersayCwhatdoesmyteachersayDwhatmyteachersays5.Amoment,please.I'mcheckingifMr.Smith_________freetomorrow.（閔行）A.isB.willbeC.wasD.hasbeen6.Theteacherdidn'tknow_______.（青浦）A.whentheschoolplaygroundopenstothepublicB.whenwilltheschoolplaygroundopentothepublicC.whenwouldtheschoolplaygroundopentothepublicD.whentheschoolplaygroundwouldopentothepublic7.Myfriendtoldmethathetovisithisoldgrandpathenextweek.（松江）A.wentB.willgoC.wouldgoD.hadgone8.Nobodyhastoldus______.（徐匯）A.whatwillwediscussattoday’smeetingB.whatwewillattoday’smeetingdiscussC.whatwewilldiscussattoday’smeetingD.whatattoday’smeetingwillwediscuss9.Couldyoutellme________yesterdayafternoon?（楊浦）A.whentheschoolsportsmeetingendedB.whendidtheschoolsportsmeetingendC.whenendedtheschoolsportsmeetingD.whentheschoolsportsmeetingdidend答案：1-5BBAAB6-9DCCA一模匯編1.A:Couldyoupleasetellus?B:Certainly.（寶山）A.wheredoesJanelivesB.whoisJanewaitingforC.whoJaneiswaitingforD.whereJanelivesin2.Thestudentswanttoknow.（長(zhǎng)寧）A.whenwilltheyhavethefinalexaminationB.whentheywillhavethefinalexaminationC.w