學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精SectionⅢUsingLanguageⅠ。重點(diǎn)單詞1．fertilisern．肥料2．nutritionaladj。營養(yǎng)（物)的→nutritiousadj.有營養(yǎng)的；營養(yǎng)豐富的→nutritionn．營養(yǎng)；滋養(yǎng)3．a(chǎn)lleviatevt。減輕；緩解4．povertyn．貧窮;貧困5．organicadj。有機(jī)的；不使用化肥的；有機(jī)物的6．pesticiden．殺蟲劑;除害藥物7．widespreadadj.分布廣的;普遍的;廣泛的8．bacteriumn．細(xì)菌→bacteria(pl.）9．digestvt。＆vi。消化vt。領(lǐng)會;領(lǐng)悟→digestionn10．essentialadj。完全必要的；極其重要的11．mineraln．礦物;礦物質(zhì)12．a(chǎn)lternativen．可供選擇的事物adj。可供替代的；非傳統(tǒng)的13．groceryn．食品雜貨店→groceries［pl。］食品雜貨14．instancen．例子；實(shí)例；事例15．depthn．向下（或向里）的距離;深(度)→deepadj。深的16．rootn．根；根莖;根部；根源17．entirelyadv。全部地；完整地;完全地→entireadj.全部的；整個(gè)的;完全的18．a(chǎn)spectn．方面；層面Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)短語1．inuse在使用2．inturn相應(yīng)地;轉(zhuǎn)而;依次;輪流3．a(chǎn)sfor關(guān)于；至于4．switchto轉(zhuǎn)到;轉(zhuǎn)換到5．turnto求助于；求教于；改用6．focuson集中（注意力、精力等）于7．keeps...freefrom/of使……免受（影響、傷害等);使……不含（有害物)8．forinstance例如；比如9．meetthatneed滿足那樣的需求Ⅲ.重點(diǎn)句型1．Asforchemicalfertilisers，cropsgrownwiththemusuallygrowtoo_fast_to_berichinnutrition.至于化肥，用它們種植的作物通常生長得太快，無法提供豐富的營養(yǎng)。2．Whatkeepsthemfromdoingsoisthefactthatchemicalfarmingservesthehighdemandforfoodaroundtheworld。阻止他們這樣做的原因是化學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)滿足了世界各地對糧食的巨大需求。1eq\a\vs4\al（alleviatevt。減輕；緩解）[典型例句]Nowadays,agreatdealcanbedonetoalleviatebackpain.如今,減輕背部疼痛可以有許多方法。Anumberofmeasuresweretakentoalleviatetheproblem。采取了一系列措施緩解這個(gè)問題。[思維拓展]alleviationn．減輕;緩解；緩和；鎮(zhèn)痛物[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練]Hesaidheandhisorganizationhaveworkedfor36yearsforthealleviation(alleviate)ofpoverty.2digestvt。消化食物;領(lǐng)悟，融會貫通vi.消化n.摘要；文摘[典型例句]Ihavedigestedmostoftheimportantpointsinthebook.我領(lǐng)悟了書中大部分要點(diǎn)。Proteindigestsslowly。蛋白質(zhì)消化得慢。Thisisadigestoftheweek'snews.這是這周的新聞?wù)思維拓展]digestionn．消化digestiveadj。消化的；易消化的[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練］Thisbookisofgreatvalue.Nothingcanbeenjoyedifyoucan’tdigest（digest）it。3alternativen．可能的選擇adj.供選擇的；非傳統(tǒng)的［典型例句]Eitheralternativeiscorrect.(兩種選擇中）不論哪一個(gè)選擇都是正確的。Allthealternativeroutesaregiventocardriversbycomputers。所有可供選擇的路線都由計(jì)算機(jī)顯示給汽車司機(jī)。［思維拓展］alternativeenergy可替代能源analternativeto。。.……的替代品havethealternativeofdoingsth。有做某事的選擇；可以做某事havenoalternativebuttodosth.別無選擇只好做某事Youhavethealternativeofspeakingorkeepingquiet.你要么發(fā)言，要么保持沉默.Ihadnoalternativebuttoaccepttheoffer.我除了接受該項(xiàng)提議之外，別無選擇.[易混辨析]alternative，choice，selectionalternative一般強(qiáng)調(diào)在只有兩種可能性或者行為方式之間進(jìn)行的選擇。choice泛指從一組人或物中進(jìn)行的自由選擇，指“選擇,挑選，抉擇"。selection指從許多可供選擇的人或物中擇優(yōu)選拔的意思。Thewaywasblocked，sowewentbyanalternativeroad。這條路被擋住了,因此我們走了另一條路。Thestoreoffersawidechoiceoffruitandvegetables。商店提供許多可供選擇的水果和蔬菜。Parentsshouldbecarefulintheirselectionofthemoviestheiryoungchildrensee。家長們在為孩子們挑選電影時(shí)應(yīng)小心謹(jǐn)慎.［即時(shí)訓(xùn)練]Wehadnoalternativebutto_fire（fire）Mary。4eq\a\vs4\al（depthn.向下或向里的距離；深度)[典型例句］Theoilwellextendedseveralhundredsoffeetindepth.油井向下延伸了數(shù)百英尺。Hisideaslackdepth.他的想法缺乏深度.［思維拓展］thedepthofacut/wound/crack刀口/傷口/裂口深度thedepthsoftheocean海洋深處liveinthedepthsofthecountry（＝alongwayfromatown)住在偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)inthedepthsofwinter（＝whenitiscoldest)在隆冬季節(jié)indepth全面地；深入地;詳細(xì)地beoutofyourdepth在水深沒頂（或夠不著底）的地方；非某人所能理解；為某人力所不及deepadj。深的；厚的；縱深的;有……深的［即時(shí)訓(xùn)練］Ihaven’tlookedatthereportindepthyet。5eq\a\vs4\al（root）［典型例句］（1)n.根；根莖；根部;根源Ipulledtheplantupby（＝including）theroots.我把這棵植物連根拔起.Money，orloveofmoney，issaidtobetherootofallevil.有人說錢或愛錢是萬惡之源。（2)v。（使）生根;翻尋Trytorootthisplantinthegarden.想辦法使這個(gè)植物在園子里生根。“Itmustbeheresomewhere,"shesaid,rootingthroughthesuitcase。“它一定就在這里的什么地方，"她一邊說一邊翻著衣箱。［思維拓展]deepspreadingroots扎得很深的根rootcrops/vegetables根莖作物/蔬菜pigsrootingforfood拱土覓食的豬[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練]①Flamencohasitsroots（root)inArabicmusic.②Who'sbeenrooting（root）aroundinmydesk?考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)一1．Cookingvegetablesreducestheirnutritional（nutrition）value。2．Imageretouchingisatechniquewidespreadly（widespread）usedinimagetampering.3．Therearethreeessentially（essential)differentwaysoftacklingtheproblem。4．Warmmilkistheidealbreedinggroundforbacteria(bacterium）．5．Iamconvinceddigestion（digest)isthegreatsecretoflife.6．Youcanbepaidincashweeklyorbychequemonthly;thosearethetwoalternatives(alternative）．7．Theirpricedependedalmostentirely（entire)ontheirscarcity.8．Manydolphinscandivetodepths(depth）of200metres.9．Theyweredeeply（deep)disturbedbytheaccident。10．Weshouldseebothaspects（aspect）oftheproblem。1eq\a\vs4\al（inturn相應(yīng)地;轉(zhuǎn)而；依次；輪流）［典型例句]Bybetterunderstandingyourdreams，inturnyouwillbeabletobetterunderstandyourself.通過更好地理解你的夢境,相應(yīng)地你也可以更好地了解你自己。Theserulesproclaimourrespectforothersandinturngiveusthegiftofself.respectandheightenedself-esteem.這些規(guī)范既體現(xiàn)了我們對他人的尊重，也轉(zhuǎn)而賦予我們自重的能力以及更強(qiáng)的自尊心.Therewerecheersforeachofthewomenastheyspokeinturn.當(dāng)這些女人們逐一發(fā)言時(shí),她們每個(gè)人都贏得了喝彩聲.［思維拓展］byturns輪流；交替takeone'sturn輪流做It'sone'sturntodo輪到某人做某事[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練］Theyansweredtheteacher’squestionsinturn。2eq\a\vs4\al(turnto求助于；求教于）[典型例句］Shehasnobodyshecanturnto.她求助無門。Whentheymeetwithnewwords，they'llturntothedictionary。當(dāng)遇到生詞時(shí)，他們就查閱字典。［思維拓展]turnagainst反對turnaway回絕turnup調(diào)大；出現(xiàn)turnoff關(guān)掉turnback往回走turndown關(guān)小；調(diào)低turnin上交turnon接通;打開［即時(shí)訓(xùn)練]Heturnedtohisfatherforadvice.3keep.。。freeof/from使……免受（影響、傷害等)；使……不含（有害物）［典型例句]Weshouldkeepthisvillagefreeofpollution。我們要避免這個(gè)村莊受到污染。Keepthechildrenfreefromharm。別讓孩子們受到傷害。[思維拓展］keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事keepsth.fromsb。不將某事告訴某人keepsb.doingsth。使某人不停地做某事keepintouchwith與……保持聯(lián)系keepsb。/sth.outofsth.不讓某人/某物入內(nèi)keepaneyeonsth。注意；看守keepondoingsth。繼續(xù)做某事[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練］Hewantstokeephissonfreefromworry.4eq\a\vs4\al（forinstance＝forexample例如;比如)[典型例句］Thereareanumberofimprovements;forinstance,bothmousebuttonscannowbeused。在許多地方有了改進(jìn),例如,鼠標(biāo)的左右鍵都可以使用了。[思維拓展]常見的表示列舉的短語:（1)suchas意為“例如，諸如……之類的",用來列舉同類的人或事物中的幾個(gè)。放在被列舉的人或事物之前。Alotofthingscanberecycled,suchaswastepaper,wasteplasticbags,andoldbatteries.很多東西都可以回收，比如廢紙、廢塑料袋和舊電池.(2）thatis或namely意為“即，也就是”，用于把同類的人或事物全部列舉出來。放在被列舉的人或事物之前.Ihavethreefriends,namely,Tom，JackandMike.我有三個(gè)朋友，即湯姆、杰克和邁克。(3）forexample意為“例如，比如”，用于列舉同類的人或事物中的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)，作插入語,且常用逗號將它與句子其他部分隔開，可位于句首、句中和句末。Mostboysintheclasslikephysics。Tom,forexample，showsaspecialinterestinit.班上的大部分男孩兒都喜歡物理。比如湯姆就對物理特別感興趣.[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練]Therearejobsmoredangerousthantruckdriving；forinstance，traininglions。考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)二1．There’snotasinglefreevehicle.Allthevehiclesareinuse。2．Theydidtheworkbyturns.3．AsforLauraandme，thecolourofourskinhasnevermattered.4．Thenherthoughtswouldswitchtothepresent。5．Wecanturntohimforhelp.6．Thetalkswillfocusoneconomicdevelopmentoftheregion。7．Youcannotrelyonher,forinstance,shearrivedanhourlateforanimportantmeetingyesterday.8．She'shavingalotoftroublewiththenewcomputer，butshedoesn'tknowwhomtoturnto.9．Thismeetingfocusedtheworld’sattentiononthepovertyofsomeAfricancountries.10．—Kitty，takeyourumbrella。Itcankeepyourskinfreefrom/ofbeingburnt.—Thankyou，mom.1Asforchemicalfertilisers，cropsgrownwiththemusuallygrowtoofasttoberichinnutrition。至于化肥，用它們種植的作物通常生長得太快，無法提供豐富的營養(yǎng)。[句式分析］toofasttobe..。是too.。.to...結(jié)構(gòu),該結(jié)構(gòu)意為“太……以致不……，太……而不能……”。其中too是副詞，用來修飾形容詞/副詞,to是動(dòng)詞不定式符號。Theboyistooyoungtounderstandthestory.這個(gè)男孩太小，理解不了這個(gè)故事。［思維拓展］使用too.。.to。.。結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)應(yīng)注意：(1)句子主語與構(gòu)成不定式的動(dòng)詞在邏輯上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且構(gòu)成不定式的動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，不定式中的動(dòng)詞后不能跟賓語。Tomspoketooquicklyforustounderstand。湯姆說話太快了，我們聽不懂。(2）句子主語與構(gòu)成不定式的動(dòng)詞在邏輯上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且構(gòu)成不定式的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。Thehouseistoosmallforthefamilytolivein。房子太小，那家人住不下。（3）too..。to...結(jié)構(gòu)并非總是表示否定意義，在以下幾種情況中，too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)表示肯定意義:①not置于動(dòng)詞不定式前，構(gòu)成too。。.notto。.。結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，原來表示否定意義的不定式再次受到否定,轉(zhuǎn)而表示肯定意義，該結(jié)構(gòu)意為“太……不會不……"或“非常……必定能……”。Heistoocarefulnottohavenoticedthat.他非常小心,肯定注意到了那一點(diǎn)。②too..。to.。.結(jié)構(gòu)前有not，never，nolonger，but,only等詞時(shí)，這一結(jié)構(gòu)也表示肯定意義。Itisnevertoooldtolearn。活到老，學(xué)到老.③too...to..。結(jié)構(gòu)中,too后為anxious，eager,glad,happy，pleased,excited，ready,satisfied，kind，willing等表示態(tài)度、心情、傾向等的形容詞時(shí),too相當(dāng)于verymuch（極其，十分，非常)，此時(shí)該結(jié)構(gòu)表示肯定意義。Heistooreadytohelpothers.他十分樂意幫助別人。Heistoopleasedtoreceivetheprettygift。收到這份漂亮的禮物，他非常高興。[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練］Hewastooangryto_say(say)aword。2Whatkeepsthemfromdoingsoisthefactthatchemicalfarmingservesthehighdemandforfoodaroundtheworld.阻止他們這樣做的原因是化學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)滿足了世界各地對糧食的巨大需求.[句式分析］這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句.Whatkeepsthemfromdoingso是主語從句；thatchemicalfarmingservesthehighdemandforfoodaroundtheworld是同位語從句。其中keep.。。fromdoingso是keep。..fromdoingsth。“阻止……做某事”結(jié)構(gòu)。同義表達(dá)還有：stop/preventsb。(from)doingsth。阻止某人做某事[方法規(guī)律]這三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的主動(dòng)語態(tài)中只有keep。。.from。.。中from不能省略；在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中,三個(gè)from均不可省略。[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練］Therainkeptusfromgoingout。考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)三1．Beforeanearthquake，thepigsandchickensareusuallytoonervousto_eat（eat）．2．Theyaretooyoungto_understand（understand)whatisgoingon。3．Theheavyrainkeptthesoldiersfromcrossing（cross）theriver。4．Theywerekeptfromenteringthebuilding.Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Thedrugwillalleviate（減輕）hersuffering。2．Therearealternativesourcesofnutrition(營養(yǎng)）toanimalmeat。3．Manyelderlypeopleliveinpoverty（貧窮）．4．Organic(有機(jī)的)foodisunadulteratedfoodproducedwithoutartificialchemicalsorpesticides.5．Theyfoundabacterium（細(xì)菌）visibletothehuman