Lesson62Afterthefire

Lesson621control

1.n.控制，管理controlof/oversb/sth控制，支配beincontrolof=beinchargeof管理，控制eg.Whoisincontrolofthisplan?beundercontrol某事在控制之中Everythingisincontrol.一切都在掌控之中。beoutofcontrol失去控制Thechildrenwereoutofcontrol.Keywords＆expressionscontrolKeywords＆expression22.v.管理，控制，操縱，支配controlsb/sthIcan'tcontrolmyemotions.我不能控制自己的感情。controllern.負責人2.v.管理，控制，操縱，支配3smoke1.n.煙Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.無風不起浪endupinsmoke/goupinsmoke(計劃等）成泡影，化為烏有2.v.吸煙Nosmoking!禁止吸煙smoker吸煙的人3.v.冒煙Asmokingvolcano冒煙的火山smoke1.n.煙4desolate1.adj.荒涼的，（指人）凄涼無人的adesolateindustrialarea工業(yè)廢墟Weallfeltextremlydesolatewhensheleft.2.v.使...淪為廢墟，使悲傷絕望，（尤用于被動語態(tài)）Thisisacitywhichisdesolatedbycivilwardesolationn.(u)荒涼，孤寂Thedesolationcausedbywar.desolate5threaten

1.v.恐嚇，威脅threatensbwith...以...威脅（人）Therobberthreatenedhimwithagun.強盜用槍威脅他。threatentodo恐嚇說要做某事eg.Hethreatenedtomakethephotopublic.他威脅說要把照片公之于眾2.v.有...的預兆（將要發(fā)生不太好的事）Atyphoonisthreatening.臺風迫近threatn.恐嚇，威脅anemptythreat虛張聲勢threaten1.v.恐嚇，威脅6surroundv.圍繞，包圍Thewallsurroundsthejail.Thejailissurroundedbythewall.監(jiān)獄被高墻所包圍.surroundingadj.周圍的thesurroundingvillages周圍的村莊Beijingandthesurroundingcontryside北京及其近郊surroundings(pl.)n.周圍的物體，環(huán)境，條件等I'dliketobringupmychildinhealthysurroundings.surroundv.圍繞，包圍7destructionn.(u)毀壞，破壞thestormcausedgreatdestruction暴風造成了巨大的損壞destructiveadj.毀滅性的adestructiveearthquake毀滅性的地震Themissilehasgreatdestuctivepower.

導彈有毀滅性的力量destroyv.破壞，毀壞Thefiredestroyedthewholeforest.大火毀掉了整片森林destroyern.驅逐艦，破壞者destructionn.(u)毀壞，破壞8flood1.n.水災，洪水theFlood（Bible中上帝懲罰人類的）洪水beforetheFlood遠古時代（源自《圣經(jīng)·舊約·創(chuàng)世紀》）Wewon'tforgettheterriblefloodinChinain1998.

2.n.多，大量，大批afloodofletters大量的信件thechildisinfloodsoftears小孩哭成淚人了3.v.淹沒，泛濫Theriverhasfloodedthesurroundingarea.這條河淹沒了附近的地區(qū)flood1.n.水災，洪水94.v.人群涌到（某場所），（聲音，光）充滿（某地方）JapanesecarshavefloodedtheAmeticanmarket.日本車充斥著美國市場Requestsforinformationfloodedtotheoffice.索取資料的信函大量涌入辦公室4.v.人群涌到（某場所），（聲音，光）充滿（某地方）10authority1.n.官方，當局（pl.）theschoolauthorities學校當局2.n.(u)權威，全力Presidentisofgreatauthority.總統(tǒng)擁有至高無上的權利

3.n.(c)權威人士，來源SheisanauthorityonSpanish.她是西班牙語的權威。authorizev.授權給Heauthorizedthemanaschairman.authority11grass-seed草籽grass1.n.草feedgrasstocows喂牛吃草2.n.草地keepoffthegrass請勿踐踏草地seed1.n.(c)種子flowerseeds2.n.(c)根本，原因Hissuddendeathsowedseedsoftroubleinhisfamily.他的猝然辭世給家族埋下了糾紛的禍根grass-seed草籽12spray1.v.噴灑，噴...于Spraypaintonthefurniture.給家具噴上漆Afarmersprayedhiscropswithpesticide.一位農(nóng)民給他的莊家噴灑殺蟲劑2.n.噴霧器，噴液aninsectspray噴液殺蟲劑spray13quantity1.n.[u]/[c]數(shù)目，數(shù)量alargequantity大量的可以修飾可數(shù)名詞，不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)eg.Asmallquantityoffurnitureispaintedblue.少量家具被涂成藍色了Alargequantityofpeopleisneededhere.centuryn.世紀the20thcentury(公元1900-1999)attheturnofthecentury在世紀之交Wehaveenteredthe21stcentury.我們已經(jīng)進入了21世紀quantity14root同音詞：route路線1.n.[c]根therootofatree樹根pullupaplantbytheroots連根拔起2.n.根源，原因therootcauseofsth根本原因therootoftheproblem問題的根源Moneyistherootofallevil.putdownnewroots在新的地方立足3.v.使......生根，使......扎根Doesthisplantrooteasily?這種植物容易生根嗎？root同音詞：route路線15patch1.n.補丁，布片pantsfullofpatches.打滿補丁的褲子2.n.小塊，小片patchesofgreen小塊小塊的綠色patchesofsunlight斑駁的陽光3.n.小塊地avegetablepatch小菜園4.v.修補Shepatchedtheholeinthetrousers.她修補了褲子上的洞patch16balckenv.使變黑，使變暗，變黑，損害，誹謗以-en結尾的動詞還有：tighten,loosen,whiten,deepen,darken,broaden,shorten,quicken,worsen,thicken......-en與表示或描述性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)的名詞、形容詞結合，構成動詞，描述使某物具有特定性質(zhì)或處于特定狀態(tài)的活動過程。balckenv.使變黑，使變暗，變黑，損害，誹謗17Lesson62

Lesson6218Keystructures

過去完成進行時：hadbeen+現(xiàn)在分詞表示過去某時以前一直進行的一個動作Ithadbeenrainingfortwodays.雨一直下了兩天。Theyhadonlybeenwaitingforthebusafewmomentswhenitcame.他們只等了一會車就來了Keystructures過去完成進行時：hadbee191、Firemenhadbeenfightingtheforestfirefornearlythreeweeksbeforetheycouldgetitundercontrol.fightagoodfight打了一場漂亮的仗winafight贏了一場戰(zhàn)斗loseafight輸了一場戰(zhàn)斗get...undercontrol使...在控制之中1、Firemenhadbeenfightingth202、Ashorttimebefore,greattreeshadcoveredthecountrysideformilesaround.ashorttimebeforeashortwhilebefore不久之前greattrees參天大樹coverv.掩蓋，遮掩，遮蓋becoveredwith被...覆蓋Ourappletreesarecoveredwithfruit.我們的蘋果樹果實累累。2、Ashorttimebefore,greatt213、Now,smokestillroseupfromthewarmgroundcoverthedesolatehills.riseupfrom從...升起risetoone'sfeet站起身來risetoaheightof200meters上升到200米的高度TheriseandfalloftheRomanEmpire.羅馬帝國的興衰3、Now,smokestillroseupfro224、Winterwascomingonandthehillsthreatened

thesurroundingvillageswithdestruction,for

heavyrainwouldnotonlywashawaythesoilbutwouldcauseseriousfloodsaswell.comeon開始，來臨，用于指時間、季節(jié)等自然情況的出現(xiàn)。Itcameontorain=Theraincameonfor因為（比較正式的說法）補充說明的理由，可以引導原因狀語從句Icaughtacold,forIhadbeenwalkingaroundintherain.表示原因的從句是重點4、Winterwascomingonandthe23for+n.為了....因為...的理由Shewasangrywithhimforbeinglate.beinglate動名詞短語，做介詞for的賓語Hejumpsforjoyatthenews.聽到這個消息，他高興的蹦了起來notonly...but..aswell=notonly...butalsoForheavyrainwouldnotonlywashawaythesoilbutalsowouldcauseseriousfloods.for+n.為了....因為...的理由245.Whenthefirehadatlastbeenputout,theforestauthoritiesorderedseveraltonsofaspecialtypeofgrass-seedwhichwouldgrowquickly.which引導定語從句，修飾aspecialtypeofgrass-seedorder1.v.命令，指令，吩咐ordersbtodosth命令某人做某事2.v.訂購，預定Wedon'thavethebookinstockbutwecanorderit.這書我們沒有存貨，但是可以預定5.Whenthefirehadatlastbe253.v.(在飯店，旅館)叫(飯菜，飲料等)Ihaveorderedasteak.Ihaveorderedyoueggsandchips.ordersboff（在體育比賽中）罰...退場，勒令...退出比賽ordersbout下令出動警力（平息暴亂等）3.v.(在飯店，旅館)叫(飯菜，飲料等)266.Theseedwassprayedoverthegroundinhugequantitiesbyaeroplanes.inhugequantities大量的wassprayed...by...被動語態(tài)6.Theseedwassprayedovert277.Theplaneshadbeenplantingseedfornearlyamonthwhenitbegantorain.hadbeenplanting過去完成進行時（在過去的這個月里一直在播撒種子）plantseed/sowseed播種7.Theplaneshadbeenplantin288.Bythen,however,inmanyplacesthegrasshadalreadytakenroots.bythen到那時為止，文中搭配的是過去完成時hadalreadytakenroots.takeroot生根，扎根8.Bythen,however,inmanyp299.Inplaceofthegreattreeswhichhadbeengrowingthereforcenturies,patchesofgreenhadbeguntoappearintheblackenedsoil.inplaceof+n./pron./doing代替eg.Canyougoinplaceofme?你能代替我去嗎？inplace恰當?shù)模谶m當?shù)奈恢蒙螴liketohaveeverythinginplace.我喜歡樣樣事都適得其所。outofplace不適當，不得其所Herdresswasoutofplaceattheceremony.她的著裝與儀式格格不入patchesofgreen一片片綠色9.Inplaceofthegreattrees30Seeyou!Seeyou!319、春去春又回，新桃換舊符。在那桃花盛開的地方，在這醉人芬芳的季節(jié)，愿你生活像春天一樣陽光，心情像桃花一樣美麗，日子像桃子一樣甜蜜。2023/9/32023/9/3Sunday,September3,202310、人的志向通常和他們的能力成正比例