一、 重點(diǎn)單詞家人relative,cousin,nephew,niece,ancestor,generation,twin,household熟人和周圍的人acquaintance,neighbor,hostess,host,guest,fellow人與人之間的關(guān)系distant,adopt,loyal,separate,associate,maid,bother,share,private,personal,quarrel,respect,close,familiar,harmony,split,dependent,inherit,abandon,accompany,company,mourn,appreciate,marriage,engage,wedding,divorce,funeral,bride,bridegroom,marry,couple,single,deliver,spoil,misunderstand,bury,blame,devote,community,treat,abuse其他bachelor,widow,envelope,anniversary二、 高頻短語beconcernedfor/about對(duì) 擔(dān)心/關(guān)心befamiliarto為 所熟悉beongoodterms(withsb.)(與某人)關(guān)系好breakup分手；解散；結(jié)束bringup養(yǎng)育；撫養(yǎng)；教育depend/relyon依靠；相信，信賴fitinwith與 相適應(yīng)/相融洽geton/alongwellwithsb.與某人相處融洽gowrong出毛病；弄錯(cuò)have...incommon(with)(與 )有共同之處getintouchwith與 取得聯(lián)系makeup和解；和好；化妝；編造generationgap代溝splitup分手gettogether相聚passaway去世m(xù)akefriends(withsb.)(和某人)交朋友goone’sseparateways分道揚(yáng)鐮19.lookafter/takecareof/attendto照顧supportafamily養(yǎng)活一家人turntosb.forhelp向某人求助take/followone’sadvice聽取某人的勸告behonoredas/tobe被譽(yù)為 putone’sheartinto專心于 25.liveahappy/hardlife過著幸福/艱難的生活devoteone’slifeto致力于 haveatalentfor有 天賦bebornin/intoawealthyfamily出生于富裕家庭amarriedman/woman已婚男子/女子takeanactivepartin積極參加三、常考佳句1.Onlyinthesewayscanwewinothers’respectandfriendship.只有這樣，我們才能贏得別人的尊敬和友誼。Togetalongwellwithothersandwintheirfriendships，wemustobservethefollowingrulesstrictly.要想與別人相處得好，贏得他們的友誼，我們必須嚴(yán)格遵守下列規(guī)則。Getalongwellwithothers，andyouwillenjoyyourselfeverydayandsucceedwhenyoudoanything.和別人相處融洽，你就會(huì)每天都快樂，并且當(dāng)你做任何事情的時(shí)候都會(huì)成功。Accompaniedbyhisfriends，hewenttotheteacher’sofficetoadmitthathehaddonewrong.在朋友的陪同下，他去老師的辦公室承認(rèn)他做錯(cuò)了。5.Inyourlastletteryoutalkedaboutyourrecentworryaboutyourstudies，mentioningthatyourdeskmateofteninterruptedyoubyaskingquestions.在上一封信中你談到最近對(duì)課業(yè)的擔(dān)心，提及你的同桌經(jīng)常問問題打擾你。EversinceIgraduatedfromhighschooltwentyyearsago,IhavebeenintouchwithmyEnglishteacher.高中畢業(yè)20年來，我一直與我的英語老師保持著聯(lián)系。Borninasmalltownin1812，CharlesDickenswasabletoattendschoolforonlytwoyears.查爾斯?狄更斯于1812年出生在一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)上，他只上了兩年學(xué)。HeisconsideredtobeoneofthegreatestscientistsinChina.他被認(rèn)為是中國(guó)最偉大的科學(xué)家之一。Likefather，likeson.有其父必有其子。Manyhandsmakelightwork.眾人拾柴火焰高。跟蹤訓(xùn)練I.根據(jù)英文釋義和首字母提示寫出單詞distant：notwantingacloserelationshipwithsb.adopt：totakeoone’sfamilyandbecomeone’schildorheirdeliver：totakegoods,letters,packagesetc.toaparticularplaceorpersonacquaintance：apersonthatyouhavemetbutdonotknowwelldivorce：toendone’smarriagebyanofficialoralegalprocessabandon：toleaveaplace,thingorpersonforeverfamiliar：easytorecognizebecauseofbeingseen,met,heard,etc.beforerelative：amemberofyourfamilywidow：awomanwhosehusbandhasdiedandwhohasnotmarriedagainquarrel：tohaveanargument用所給單詞的正確形式填空Wemustpromotecommercewithneighboring(neighbor)countries.Thepolicefoundthelosttreasureinanabandoned(abandon)well.Relationswithourneighborsaren’tveryharmonious(harmony)atthemoment.hopeyouwouldbemorerespectful(respect)toyourfather.Allcontractsaretranslatedtoavoidanymisunderstanding(misunderstand)betweenthecompanies.Accompanied(accompany)bycheerfulmusic,thechildrenbegantodance.7.Internetusersbecomemoredependent(depend)ontheInternettostoreinformation.can’tcometodinneronTuesday；I’motherwiseengaged(engage).9.Shewenttoliveabroadafterthebreak-upofhermarriage(marry).cametoEnglandtomakeyouracquaintance(acquaint).Ill.選擇方框內(nèi)的短語并用其正確形式填空(be)familiarto,beconcernedabout,beongoodtermswith,getintouchwith,have...incommon,turnto,haveatalentfor,breakup,putone’sheartinto,takeanactivepartinl.Sheisproudthatbothherchildrenhaveatalentformusic.Heputhisheartintohisworkanddidn’tnoticeme.3.Shebrokeupwithherboyfriendlastmonth.Heurgedallconcernedtotakeanactivepartinthework.5.Intimesofcrisis,it’sgoodtohaveafriendtoturnto.Nowthatmymotherhasatelephone,it’smucheasiertogetintouchwithher.Wehavebeenongoodtermswithourneighborsforalltheseyears.Manypeopleareconcernedaboutthepollutionoftheenvironment.Thevoiceonthetelephonesoundedfamiliartome.Theirmarriagewasamismatchandtheyhadlittleincommon.IV.完成句子HeisloyaltotheParty（對(duì)黨忠誠(chéng)）andhewillalwaysremainso.Havingnochildrenoftheirowntheydecidedtoadoptanorphan（領(lǐng)養(yǎng)一個(gè)孤兒）.Canyouhaveitdeliveredtome/deliverittome（把它送來給我）today?Ineeditassoonaspossible.4.Sheshares（in）mytroublesaswellasmyjoys（與我同甘共苦）.Theteacheraswellastheparentsistoblame（該受責(zé)備）.6.Inthechildren,smindssummerisassociatedwith（天口 有聯(lián)系）picnics.7.Shetreatedeachofthechildrento（用 招待）anice-cream.8.EnglandisseparatedfromFrance（和法國(guó)隔開）bytheChannel.don’tappreciatebeingtreated（不喜歡被對(duì)待）likeasecond-classcitizen.lO.Didyouhavemuchbother（in）finding（費(fèi)了很大的勁才找到）hisoffice?V?根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)提示翻譯句子如果您能提前告訴我您是否能來，我將不勝感激o（Iwouldappreciateitif...）Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldletmeknowinadvancewhetheryouwillbecomingornot.由于沉湎于網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲，他考試不及格o（abandon，過去分詞短語作狀語）AbandonedtotheInternetgames,hedidn’tpasstheexam.他致力于社區(qū)活動(dòng)，受到周圍人的贊揚(yáng)o（devote，現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語）Devotinghimselftocommunityactivities,hewaspraisedbythepeoplearound.她通曉至少五門外語，但碰巧她對(duì)這門語言不熟悉o（familiar）Sheisfamiliarwithatleastfiveforeignlanguages,butitsohappensthatthislanguageisn’tfamiliartoher.她的父母在她還是嬰兒的時(shí)候就去世了，她是由姑母撫養(yǎng)大的o（bringup）Herparentsdied/passedawaywhenshewasababyandshewasbroughtupbyheraunt.

話題與教材Book1Unit1Friendship話題與教材Book7Unit4SharingBook1Unit1Friendship魁重點(diǎn)單upset@切?心煩意亂的；不安的；不適的;訝.(upset；upset)使不安；打翻beupsetabou”over/at為 心煩/難過Itupsetssb.todosth./that...讓某人心煩的是 Sheaskedhermotherwhyhedidthat,andhermothersaidthatthemanwashomelessandhungry.Hannahwasveryupset.漢娜問母親他為什么那么做，母親說那個(gè)人無家可歸，饑腸轆轆。漢娜非常不安。(2017-北京)ignorevt.不理睬；忽視Iamquiteignorantof/aboutwhattheyintendtodo.(填介詞)However，theirremotelocationsmeanthattheFrenchlawisoftenignoredorunknown.但是，由于他們的位置遙遠(yuǎn)，這就使得法國(guó)的法律在此不受重視或不為人所知O(2016-四川)calm祐.平靜的；鎮(zhèn)靜的；vt.&vi.(使)平靜；(使)鎮(zhèn)靜(1)stay/keep/remaincalm保持鎮(zhèn)靜(2)Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown(安靜下來).(2017?全國(guó)I)concernvt.(使)擔(dān)憂；涉及；關(guān)系到；幾擔(dān)心；(利害)關(guān)系concerned□勿'.擔(dān)心的；有關(guān)的concerningprep.關(guān)于asfaras...beconcerned就 來說beconcernedwith與 有關(guān)Concerningthetoll(通行費(fèi))freepolicyontheexpressway,whatconcernsusmostisthetrafficjamswhilesomeareconcernedaboutthesafety.(concern)Othersareconcernedabout/forusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers.另一些人關(guān)心這種需要較少的水和肥料的園藝方法O(2016-全國(guó)II)series".連續(xù)；系列［用法點(diǎn)撥】⑴series單復(fù)數(shù)同形。(2)“aseriesof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。power幾能力；力量；權(quán)力；動(dòng)力；y?給(車輛或機(jī)器)提供動(dòng)力cometo/intopower掌權(quán)；上臺(tái)beyondone’spower某人力所不能及的Hetoldherthathewoulddowhathecouldtoprovethathewasthemanforher.(同義句改寫)—Hetoldherthathewoulddoeverythinginhispowertoprovethathewasthemanforher.【熟詞生義】［寫出句子中黑體詞的漢語意思］Thetractorispoweredbyadieselengine(柴油機(jī)).給(車輛或機(jī)器)提供動(dòng)力suffervt.&V.遭受；忍受；經(jīng)歷suffering〃.折磨；苦難Theastronautswillsufferfromacarbon-dioxideheadachewhentheyexerciseinoneplaceforalongtime.(填介詞)(2015-湖北)［用法點(diǎn)撥】suffer作及物動(dòng)詞，才目當(dāng)于experience，意為“經(jīng)受，經(jīng)歷”；sufferfrom中from表示原因，表示“因……受苦”或者“患有(疾病等)”。suffer和sufferfrom一般不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。recovervt.&此痊愈；恢復(fù)；重新獲得recovery〃.康復(fù)；痊愈；復(fù)得Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequiredtoprocessthefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.(填介詞)(2017-全國(guó)I)exactlyodv?確實(shí)如此；正是；確切地notexactly(交際用語)不完全是(對(duì))；(表示強(qiáng)調(diào))并不；并沒有—SoyougaveheryouriPod?—Notexactly,Ilentittoher.——你把iPod給她了？——不是，我只是借給她。disagree討.不同意Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisiswhereIdisagree.(填連接詞)grateful祐.感激的；表示謝意的begratefultosb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而感激某人Taniswrotethisletterinordertoshowhowgratefulshewastothetrainingcenter.Tanis寫這封信的目的是為了感謝培訓(xùn)中心對(duì)自己的幫助o(2016-北京)disliken.&vt?厭惡；不喜歡Somepeopleavoidsmalltalkbecausetheydislikediscussing(discuss)thingsliketrafficorweather.(2015-安徽)13.tip”.提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小費(fèi)；".傾斜；翻倒Yournameisrightonthetipofmytongue.(onthetipofone’stongue就在嘴邊的，差一點(diǎn)就能想起來的)【熟詞生義】［寫出句子中黑體詞的漢語意思］Didyouremembertotipthewaiter？給小費(fèi)?高頻短語addup合計(jì)addupto加起來達(dá)到；意味著addto增添Threeadded(add)tofourmakesseven.【熟詞生義】［寫出句子中黑體詞的漢語意思］Headdedthatthetheater’slocation(位置)wasalsoareason.(2017-全國(guó)III)補(bǔ)充說gothrough經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受；通過；仔細(xì)察看；(法案等)通過；用完；耗盡［寫出下列句子中黑體詞的漢語意思］Imyselfwentthroughthissearchingprocessandfoundsomethingthathaschangedmyexperienceatcollegeforthebetter.(2017-全國(guó)I)經(jīng)歷He’dgonethroughallhismoneybytheendofthefirstweekofhisholiday用完Asyougothroughthisbook,youwillfindthateachofthemillionsofpeoplewholivedthroughWorldWarIIhadadifferentexperience.(2015-湖南)瀏覽setdown放下；記下；登記setup搭起；創(chuàng)辦setaside把……放置一旁；不理會(huì)setouttodo(=setaboutdoing)開始做 setofffor動(dòng)身去 4.onpurpose故意近義詞組：bydesign反義詞組：bychance；byaccident；bycoincidenceIwasn’tdoinganythingonpurposetomakemyselfbetter.我并沒有特意地做什么事來使自己變得更好o(2016-江蘇)fallinlovewith相愛；愛上(表動(dòng)作)beinlovewith相愛；愛上(表狀態(tài))Whentheauthorsawthebasketinthewindow,shefellinlovewith(愛上)it.(2016-浙江)Theyhavebeeninlovewith(相愛)eachotherfortwoyears.善經(jīng)典句式Whilewalkingthedog,youwerecarelessanditgotlooseandwashitbyacar.遛狗時(shí)你不小心把狗松開了，狗被汽車撞了。［看例句，總結(jié)狀語從句的省略規(guī)則］Afewmonthslater,whileeating(=whileshewaseating),shewouldeventurnherbacktome.(2015-四川)總結(jié):若主、從句主語一致且從句中含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則可以省去從句的主語和be動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成省略。IhopeyoucouldappreciatethatImustsparenoefforttodowellinmyfinalexamifpossible(=ifitispossible).(2016-全國(guó)III)總結(jié):當(dāng)從句的主謂是itis/was時(shí)，可省去itis/was，構(gòu)成省略。wonderifit'sbecauseIhaven’tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI’vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.我不知道這是不是因?yàn)槲议L(zhǎng)久無法出門的緣故，我變得對(duì)一切與大自然有關(guān)的事物都無比狂熱。［用法點(diǎn)撥】此句為“Itis/was...that/who...”強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。ItwaswhenIgotbacktomyapartmentthatIfirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.(2017-天津)ItwasatmidnightthatIcamehomeyesterday.—ItwasmidnightwhenIcamehomeyesterday.Shedidn’tmentionherownplanuntilneartheendoftheletter.(用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)畫線部分)—Itwasnotuntilneartheendoftheletterthatshementionedherownplan.3itwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatI’dseenthenightfacetoface...……這是我一年半以來第一次目睹夜晚……［用法點(diǎn)撥】在句型Itisthefirsttimethat...中，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；若主句be動(dòng)詞為was,則從句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。ThisisthefirsttimethatIhaveheard(hear)himsing.Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeen(be)late.Itishightimethatwetook/shouldtake(take)immediateactiontosolvetheproblem.(4)Therewasatimewheneveryone’sopinionwasmineaswell.Book7Unit4Sharing?重點(diǎn)單國(guó)relevant祐.有關(guān)的；切題的Manypeoplebelievethatclassicalmusicisnotrelevantto(和 有關(guān))youngpeopletoday.adjust訝?&屹調(diào)整；(使)適合adjust...to...調(diào)整 以適應(yīng) adjusttodoing...適應(yīng)做 Hequicklyadjustedtothenewenvironment.(同義句改寫)—Hemadeaquickadjustmenttothenewenvironment.participate此參加；參與(□participation〃.參加participant兒參加者(2)Fromtheearliestages,theydesiretohelpothers,toshareinformationandtoparticipatein(參加)achievingcommongoals.(2016-江蘇)4.otherwiseconj.否則；不然；溯.用別的方法；其他方面—DoyouhaveBetty’sphonenumber?—Yes.Otherwise,Iwouldn'thavebeen(not,be)abletoreachheryesterday.(2017-天津)Heisoldandsick；otherwisehewouldbeworking(work)rightnow.privilegen.特權(quán)；特別優(yōu)待havetheprivilegetodo/ofdoing...有做 的特權(quán)be/feelprivilegedtodo...做 是榮幸的Weareprivilegedtohaveadistinguishedguestwithustonight.(同義句改寫)—Itisaprivilegeforustohaveadistinguishedguesttonight.donate訝.捐贈(zèng)Volunteerscamewithcarloadsofdonated(donate)clothingandtoys.(2016-北京)Donations(donate)beganfloodinginfromhundredsofpeople.(2017-天津)voluntary祐?自愿的；志愿的；無償?shù)膙olunteer〃.志愿者；o.自愿When19-year-oldSophiaGiorgisaidshewasthinkingofvolunteeringtohelp(help)theMake-A-WishFoundation(基金會(huì))，nobodyunderstoodwhatshewastalkingabout.distribute訝.分配；分發(fā)distribution〃.分配；分發(fā)；分布狀態(tài)Icandistributetheirletterstomystudentswhoarewillingtohavefriendsandareinneedofpractice.我可以把信分發(fā)給那些愿意交朋友，需要練習(xí)的學(xué)生。9.securityn.安全；保護(hù)；保障10.operate訝?工作；運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；訝.操作operation〃.運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；手術(shù)operator〃.(電腦)操作員；接線員inoperation工作中；起作用；生效come/gointooperation實(shí)行；生效bring/ooperation實(shí)施；使 開始生效Thedoctorwilloperateonherlegtomorrow.(填介詞)［用法點(diǎn)撥】operate表示“做手術(shù)”時(shí)，是不及物動(dòng)詞，要表達(dá)“給某人(或部位)做手術(shù)”，其后要接介詞on,而不能直接以人或部位作賓語。hearfrom接到 的信（后跟sb.）hearof聽說（be）dyingto極想；渴望bedying也rsth.渴望/想要某物theotherday不久前的一天Ifithadnotbeenforhisinvitationtheotherday，Ishouldnotbeherenow.如果不是他前幾天邀請(qǐng)我，我現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)在這里了o（2016-江蘇）4.inneed在困難中；在危急中；缺（食物或錢）（1）Ifwestayathome，itiscomfortableandthereisnoneedto（沒必要 ）spendmoney.（2016-全國(guó)II）（2） Aftercompletingmytraining,Iwassenttothevillagethatwassmallanddesperatelyinneedof（需要 ）properaccommodation.（3） Givethebookstothestudentsinneed（在困難中）.Wewalkedfortwoandahalfhourstogetthere—firstupamountaintoaridgefromwherewehadfantasticviewsandthendownasteeppathtothevalleybelow.我們步行了兩個(gè)半小時(shí)才到達(dá)那里——先爬到了一座山的山脊，從那兒我們欣賞到了優(yōu)美的風(fēng)景，然后又沿著陡峭的山坡到了下面的山谷。【用法點(diǎn)撥】fromwhere...引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾aridge0where一般用作關(guān)系副詞，其前不加介詞，但where有時(shí)也可作關(guān)系代詞，其前可加介詞from。關(guān)系副詞when有時(shí)也可用作關(guān)系代詞。Wecameaweekago,sincewhenwe’vehadnorest.我們一周前就來了，自那以后就沒休息過。Thegiftyougiveisnotsomethingyourlovedonekeepsbutavoluntarycontributiontowardsthelivesofpeoplewhoreallyneedit.你送的禮物不是給你所愛的人留念的，而是給那些確實(shí)有生活需要的人的一項(xiàng)志愿性捐助。［用法點(diǎn)撥1not...but...不是……而是……，連接兩個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞采取就近原則。NotyoubutIamtoblame.不是你而是我該受責(zé)備。話題與高考話題下的高考研究對(duì)高考的把握要“準(zhǔn)”話題與高考/話題下的閱讀理解（2017-全國(guó)II，B）IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill，thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid，introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidn’twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodupforme.Idon’tknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat；theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers.ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference，webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveTV.Wewererespectfulofcraft（技藝）andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors:humorous,aggressive,andmakingfunofeachother—butalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore（核心）ofourrelationshipoffthescreen.Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou’refortunateenoughtohavesuccess，youshouldputsomethingback——hewithhisNewman’sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.PaulandIdidn’tseeeachotherallthatregularly,butsharingthatbroughtustogether.Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.He’dbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbothknewwhatthedealwas,andwedidn’ttalkaboutit.Ourswasarelationshipthatdidn’tneedalotofwords.Whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletotheauthoratfirst?PaulNewmanwantedit.Thestudiopowersdidn’tlikehisagent.Hewasn’tfamousenough.Thedirectorrecommendedsomeoneelse.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Whenthestudiodidn’twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodupforme.”可知，電影公司想要像保羅那樣出名的人，由此可以判斷，作者不夠出名，故選C項(xiàng)。WhydidPaulandtheauthorhavealastingfriendship?Theywereofthesameage.Theyworkedinthesametheater.Theywerebothgoodactors.Theyhadsimilarcharacteristics.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors:humorous，aggressive，andmakingfunofeachother—butalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore（核心）ofourrelationshipoffthescreen.”可知，作者與保羅在熒幕前和熒幕后都很幽默、有進(jìn)取心，并互開對(duì)方的玩笑，即他們兩人有相似的性格，故選D項(xiàng)。Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3referto?Theirbelief.Theircareforchildren.Theirsuccess.Theirsupportforeachother.答案A解析代詞指代題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Wesharedthebeliefthat...”以及下面對(duì)belief的具體解釋可知，畫線處是指共同擁有這種“信念”使“我們”兩人連在一起，故選A項(xiàng)。Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?Toshowhisloveoffilms.Torememberafriend.Tointroduceanewmovie.Tosharehisactingexperience.答案B解析寫作意圖題。本文是按照時(shí)間順序?qū)懙模瑥淖髡吲c保羅的最初相見，到友誼慢慢加深，以及幾個(gè)月前去看望生病的保羅，由此可知作者寫此文的目的是回憶一位朋友，故選B項(xiàng)。【名師指津］抓住主旨大意，理清文章脈絡(luò)通過閱讀文章可知，本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者和一位著名演員PaulNewman之間的友誼。文章的脈絡(luò)如下：總結(jié)解題規(guī)律，提高解題能力深層理解文章，做好推理判斷題推理判斷題屬于主觀題，是層次較高的題目。此類題目要求通過文章中的文字信息，上下文邏輯關(guān)系及事物的發(fā)展變化等已知的信息，推斷出作者暗含的意思。解題的關(guān)鍵在于要特別注意文章中能夠表明作者觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)的動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞和副詞等。例如第25題，根據(jù)第二段中的“BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors:humorous，aggressive，andmakingfunofeachother—butalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore（核心）ofourrelationshipoffthescreen.”可知，作者與保羅在熒幕前和熒幕后都很幽默、有進(jìn)取心，并互開對(duì)方的玩笑，即他們兩人有相似的性格，因此就不難推斷出答案為D。力話題下的七選五（2017-全國(guó)II）Interruptionsareoneoftheworstthingstodealwithwhileyou’retryingtogetworkdone.36，thereareseveralwaystohandlethings.Let’stakealookatthemnow.37.Tellthepersonyou’resorryandexplainthatyouhaveamillionthingstodoandthenaskifthetwoofyoucantalkatadifferenttime.Whenpeopletrytointerruptyou，havesethoursplannedandletthemknowtocomebackduringthattimeorthatyou’llfindthemthen.38.Itcanhelptoeliminate（消除）futureinterruptions.Whenyouneedtotalktosomeone,don’tdoitinyourownoffice.39,it’smucheasiertoexcuseyourselftogetbacktoyourworkthanifyoutrytogetsomeoneoutofyourspaceevenafterexplaininghowbusyyouare.Ifyouhaveadoortoyouroffice,makegooduseofit.40.Ifsomeoneknocksandit’snotanimportantmatter，excuseyourselfandletthepersonknowyou’rebusysotheycangetthehint（暗示）thatwhenthedoorisclosed,you’renottobedisturbed.Ifyou’rebusy,don’tfeelbadaboutsayingnoWhenyouwanttoavoidinterruptionsatworkSetboundariesforyourselfasfarasyourtimegoesIfyou’reintheotherperson’sofficeorinapublicareaIt’simportantthatyouletthemknowwhenyou’llbeavailableItmightseemunkindtocutpeopleshortwhentheyinterruptyouLeaveitopenwhenyou’reavailabletotalkandcloseitwhenyou’renot語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章主要就如何在工作中避免受到打擾提出了幾點(diǎn)建議。答案B解析解本題可用關(guān)聯(lián)邏輯法。空格后說“有幾種方法來處理這些情況”，B項(xiàng)“當(dāng)你想在工作中避免受到打擾時(shí)”與上下文銜接緊密，故為答案。答案A解析解本題可用設(shè)題位置法。設(shè)空處位于段首，根據(jù)后文提到的“告訴對(duì)方你很抱歉、向?qū)Ψ浇忉屇阌泻芏嗍虑橐鲆约傲砑s時(shí)間”可知，本段講述的是在自己很忙的時(shí)候不要不好意思拒絕，故選A項(xiàng)。答案E解析解本題可用關(guān)聯(lián)邏輯法。空格前說“當(dāng)人們?cè)噲D打擾你時(shí)，你要確定好時(shí)間，讓他們知道什么時(shí)候回來找你或者你去找他們''，空格后說“這樣做能幫你消除未來受到打擾的可能”，E項(xiàng)“讓他們知道你什么時(shí)候有空非常重要”與上下文銜接緊密，故為答案。答案D解析解本題可用詞匯鎖定法。空格前的“inyourownoffice'與D項(xiàng)中的“intheotherperson’soffice”相對(duì)應(yīng)。D項(xiàng)“如果你在別人的辦公室或者公共區(qū)域”與空格后的內(nèi)容銜接緊密，故為答案。答案G解析解本題可用句意判斷法。根據(jù)空格前的“如果你的辦公室有門，那么就好好利用它”可知，本段主要講述如何利用辦公室的門來避免受到打擾，故選G項(xiàng)。【名師指津】借助詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)，巧解七選五詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)不是指詞語的簡(jiǎn)單再現(xiàn)，而是指某個(gè)詞語可以以不同的詞類、詞性、數(shù)、格、時(shí)態(tài)及語態(tài)等形式出現(xiàn)。如：read，reading，readerso有時(shí)也會(huì)以同義詞或反義詞的形式出現(xiàn)。這是解題的一個(gè)很好的判斷線索。注意以下幾點(diǎn)：做題時(shí)，著重閱讀選項(xiàng)的前后兩句，鎖定關(guān)鍵詞，然后在選項(xiàng)中找出相關(guān)特征詞。如第39題，空格前出現(xiàn)了“inyourownoffice”，其中office是提示關(guān)鍵詞，與D項(xiàng)中“intheotherperson’soffice”中的office相呼應(yīng)，由此可以判斷出答案為D項(xiàng)。關(guān)鍵詞包括句中的核心名詞或名詞詞組（如帶有形容詞的名詞詞組）、專有名詞等。正確選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞一般重復(fù)上一句的關(guān)鍵詞，也與下一句的關(guān)鍵詞相呼應(yīng)，或者是與關(guān)鍵詞有關(guān)聯(lián)的詞。如第40題，空格前一句中提到adoor，空格后一句中提到knock（敲門），所以答案中肯定含有與door相關(guān)的詞匯，而G項(xiàng)中的open,close正好與此相關(guān)，故正確答案為G項(xiàng)。" ■積累與升級(jí) .詞匯積累agentn.代理人；代理商standupfor支持；擁護(hù)；堅(jiān)持berespectfulof尊重 diginto挖掘；鉆研cutsb.short打斷某人.句式升級(jí)BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors.（改為簡(jiǎn)單句）BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuestypicalofAmericanactors.Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou’refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback.（把that從句由同位語改為賓語）Webelievedthatifyou'refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback.課時(shí)作業(yè)強(qiáng)化練（一）I.閱讀理解（2018-安徽皖南八校聯(lián)考）Hewasthereeverymorning,sittingmotionlessonthefrontstepsofhishouse.Inthemorninglight,Icouldseetheshadowsthatwereetched（蝕刻）deepwithinthelinessurroundinghiseyes.EachmorningIwalkedthisroutewithmydaughtertoherkindergartenclass.WewerenewtotheneighborhoodsothatIdidn’tknowmanyofmyneighbors.Ononebeautifulautumnmorning,aswepassedhishouse,mydaughtercalledouttohim,“Hi,MrMan!”Alwaystheoutgoingchild,Iwasn’tsurprisedatherenthusiasm.Buthercheerfulnesssoonfadedwhenthemandidn’tlookatherandsay"Hi”back.Aswecontinuedonourwalktoschool,mydaughteraskedwhythemandidn’twanttosayhitoher.BecauseIdidn’thaveananswer,Isaidsimply,“Maybeheishavingabadday.”LaterIknewthatBoblosthiswifeinacaraccident.Afewdayslater,asweapproachedBob’shouseonourwaytoschool,mydaughtercalledout“Hi,MrMan!”andasusual,hedidn’trespond.Butthensheranontohisfrontlawnandpickedupabeautifulredautumnleaf.Shecontinueduponestepandhandedittohim.Iheldmybreath.Assheskippedbacktome,shesaid,“Seeyoutomorrow,MrMan!”Thistime,heacknowledgedher.Inasoftgentlevoice,hethankedherandsaid,“Seeyoutomorrow.”Fromthenon,Bobandmydaughterexchangedgreetingseachmorning.OurfriendshipwithBobcontinuedformanyyears.But,thesweetestdayiswhenBobattendedmydaughter,shighschoolgraduation.Bobgavemydaughteragift—abookonidentifyingvariousplantsandtrees.There,tuckedinthepagesthatdescribedanoaktree,wastheleafmydaughterhadgiventoMrManwhentheyfirstmet.Hehaddriedandpresseditandkeptitallthoseyears.語篇解讀~本文是一篇記敘文。作者的女兒是一個(gè)活潑外向的女孩，看到了悲傷的Bob,主動(dòng)打招呼，卻沒有得到回應(yīng)。后來知道了這個(gè)男人的悲傷，于是送給他一片紅秋葉，溫暖了他的心，從此開始了他們之間的友誼。Whatpuzzledthegirl?Thecauseoftheman’ssadness.Theshadowsintheman’seyes.Theman’ssittingstillonthesteps.Theman’snotansweringhergreeting.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的“...mydaughteraskedwhythemandidn’twanttosayhitoher.”可知，女孩對(duì)于那個(gè)男人不和她打招呼很困惑。故選D。Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenhisdaughtergavearedleaftotheman?Proud. B.Nervous.C.Embarrassed. D.Comfortable.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句“Shecontinueduponestepandhandedittohim.Iheldmybreath.”可知，當(dāng)作者的女兒撿起一片紅色的秋葉給那個(gè)男人時(shí)，作者屏住了呼吸。再根據(jù)前文可知，這個(gè)男人在車禍中失去了妻子，女兒以前和他打招呼他都沒有回應(yīng)，所以作者是緊張的心理。故選B。WhydidBobkeepthatlittleredleaf?Itwasacarefromagirl.Itwasasymbolofenthusiasm.Itwasareminderofhispainfuldays.Itrepresentedtheknowledgeoftrees.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中所述可知Bob在車禍中失去妻子之后，心情極度低落，而作者的女兒卻與他打招呼，即使他沒有反應(yīng)，甚至送給他一片紅色的秋葉，這一切都表達(dá)了小姑娘對(duì)他的關(guān)心。故選A。Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?ASimpleRedLeafAStrangeNeighborAnUnusualFriendAGreetingfromaGirl答案A解析標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，作者的女兒送給Bob一片紅色的秋葉才打破了僵局，也溫暖了Bob的心。所以最好的標(biāo)題是A。B（2018-山東荷澤七縣一中期中）Asmorepeopleoptforthesinglelife,adultfriendshipsalsogrowmoreimportant.Forpeopleinrelationships,havingareliablegroupisimportant,too—yourmatewillbemuchhappierifyou’respreadingyouranxietiesbeyondhisorherearsandyouwillalsofeelbetter.Inarecentstudy,researchersmadesomefascinatingfindingsabouthow“whoweare”informsthefriendshipswehold.Thestudywasbasedonthemostpopularpersonalityconstructincontemporarypsychology,theBig5personalitytraits（特征）：extraversion,orhowmuchyouloveattentionandinteractingwithpeopleneuroticism,orhoweasilyworriedyouarebythings;agreeableness,orhowwarmandkindyouare;conscientiousness,orhowcarefulyouareaboutlife’smanyduties;andopennesstoexperience,orhowmuchyou’reintodiscoveringnewthings,whetherthey’reideas,people,orplaces.Fortheirstudy,theresearchteamrecruited434students.Theytookapersonalityquestionnaireinthelab,thenratedhowsatisfiedtheywerewiththeirfriendsandtheirlifeoverall,andthenresearchersaskedthemtorecommendhalfadozenfriendstoratetheirpersonality.Gatheringtheseratingstogether,theresearchersfoundthatopennesstoexperiencedidn’thaveanythingtodowithfriendshipsatisfaction,atleastinthisstudy.Neuroticismwaslinkedtolowersatisfaction(probablybecauseemotionallyunstablepeoplemaybedramaticorhardtoplease,atleastinmypersonalexperience).Buthavinghighscoresinthethreeremainingsunnytraits—conscientiousness,extraversion,andagreeableness—predictedhigherfriendshipsatisfaction.However,it’saprettyintuitive(直覺的)result,sinceit’seasytobefriendswithsomeonewho’salwaysontime,alwayssayingthatyou’reright,andalwaysuptohangout.Butifyoudon’texactlyidentifywithallthat,fearnot：Yourpersonalityissomuchmorethanyourtraits.語篇解讀這篇文章通過調(diào)查研究討論了性格和友誼之間的關(guān)系。Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthefriendship?Itishelpfultodatingandwork.Itcanrelieveyournegativeemotions.Ithasnothingtodowithpersonality.Itisbasedonthe5popularpersonalitytraits.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“yourmatewillbemuchhappierifyou’respreadingyouranxietiesbeyondhisorherearsandyouwillalsofeelbetter”可知作者認(rèn)為友誼可以減輕你的負(fù)面情緒。選B。Whatdoestheunderlinedword“neuroticism”inParagraph2mean?Determination. B.Nervousness.C.Hesitation. D.Optimism.答案B解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后面的“orhoweasilyworriedyouarebythings”可推斷出“neuroticism”的意思是“神經(jīng)過敏”。選B。Whatopiniondoestheauthorhold?It’shardtopleaseemotionallyunstablepeople.Apunctualpersoncansurelymakemorefriends.Friendsaremoreimportantthanfamiliesforsinglepersons.Thefivetraitsareequallydemandedingettinghigherfriendshipsatisfaction.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“probablybecauseemotionallyunstablepeoplemaybedramaticorhardtoplease,atleastinmypersonalexperience”可知作者認(rèn)為很難讓情感不穩(wěn)定的人高興。選A。C（2017?山東費(fèi)縣二中月考）IntegrityIntegrityisthequalityofbeinghonestandstrongaboutwhatyoubelievetoberight.Theconceptofintegrityhasplayedakeyroleinmoralphilosophythroughouthistoryandispromotedinallsocietiesbecauseofitsimportancetosocialrelations.Individualintegrityisvitaltosociety,onethatenablespeopletomakeuseoftheircapacityforcriticalreflection,doesnotforcepeopletotakeupparticularrolesanddoesnotencourageindividualstobetrayeachother.Besides,societiescanbefavorabletothedevelopmentofindividualintegrity.Individualintegritycanliftupthespiritsoftheentiresociety.Itcanshapethelivesofpeoplelivinginaparticularsociety,thelivesofallfellowpeopleand,initsbroadestsense,eventhedestiny（命運(yùn)）ofanation.Bycontrast,ifthoselivinginthesocietyarecorrupt,itcouldhavebadeffects,jeopardizingthehealthymoralityofthesociety.Ontheotherhand,asocietycanbefavorabletothedevelopmentofindividualintegrity.Societyexpect