Unit1StartingoutListeninginPassage1InterviewerCanyoutellmesomethingabouttheIvyLeague?You'reaprofessoratHarvard,isthatright?ProfessorThat'sright,yes.InterviewerTellmehowmanyuniversitiesarethere?Howmanyinstitutions?ProfessorIntotalthereareeightinstitutions:There'sHarvard,Yale,Brown,Columbia,Cornell,Dartmouth,Princeton,andtheUniversityofPennsylvania.InterviewerAh,OK.Andwhat'sthesporting...Ibelievethere'ssomelinkwithsports.ProfessorTherecertainlyis,yes.OriginallytheIvyLeaguereferredtothesportsteamsfromtheuniversitieswhichcompetedagainsteachother,especiallyinfootball,basketballandicehockey.Nowsometimestheseuniversities,institutions,chosetheirstudentsonthebasisoftheirskillsattheseparticularsports.Butinthelast50years,IvyLeagueschoolshaveacceptedawiderrangeofstudentsbecauseitwasn'tpossibletobebothworld-famousforresearchandalsotopclassinsport.InterviewerAndwhatabouttheiracademicimportance?Igatherthey'reacademicallyvery,veryimportant,they'reverywell-known.ProfessorAbsolutelyatthetop.They'renearoratthetopoftheUSAcollegesanduniversityrankings.Andthey'realmostalwaysinthetoponepercentoftheworld'sacademicinstitutionsforfinancialresources.InterviewerAndwhatdoesitmeansociallytogotoanIvyLeagueuniversity?ProfessorCertainlyifyou'vebeentooneoftheseinstitutions,youarepresumedorassumedtobeatthetopendofthescale.TheIvyLeagueinstitutionshaveareputationforsocialelitism,manyofthestudentsarerich,intellectual,whiteAnglo-Saxon,protestants.Notallofthemofcourse,butquitealotofthem.InterviewerAnddoyouknow...why'sitcalledtheIvyLeague,what'stheoriginofthename?ProfessorThereareanumberofstories,derivations,butpossiblyit'sbasedonfouruniversities,andIV,thelettersIV,that'stheRomannumeralforfour.Anothermorelikelystoryisthativyplants,whicharesymbolicoftheageoftheuniversities,youknow,wouldbegrownatthewallsoftheseuniversities,theseinstitutions,theycoverthewallsofthebuildings.Thetermwascreatedbyasportsjournalist,Ithinkinthe1930s.InterviewerRight,OK.Andwhichistheoldestuniversity?ProfessorTheoldestgoesbacktothe17thcentury,that'sHarvardwhichwasfoundedin1636.AndtheyoungestoftheinstitutionsisCornellwhichwasfoundedin1865.InterviewerAndwhichhasthelargestnumberofundergraduates?ProfessorCornellhasthelargestnumber,about13,000,13,500undergraduates.TheinstitutionwiththesmallestnumberisDartmouthCollegewithalittleover4,000.InterviewerAndwhatabouttheacceptancerate?Isithardtogetinto?ProfessorThatrangesfromaboutsevenpercentto20percent.InterviewerAndanyfamousalumni?Famousoldboys?ProfessorHundreds!Hundredsofthem.ButIsupposeworldwide,thetwothatwouldbedefinitelyknownallovertheworldwouldcertainlybeGeorgeBushwhowenttoYale,andJohnFKennedy,PresidentKennedy,whowasatHarvard.InterviewerThankyou.Passage2AndyDidyouseethefilmontelevisionlastnight?JaneNo,Iwasout.Whatwasit?AndyABeautifulMindlt'saboutJohnForbesNash,themathematicianwhowontheNobelPrize.JaneI'veheardaboutthatfilm,yes.He'splayedbyRussellCrowe,isn'the?IlikeRussellCrowe,he'sgreat.AndyThat'stheone,yes.JaneWhat'sitabout?AndyWell,thestorybeginsintheearlyyearsofNash'slifeatPrincetonUniversityasagraduatestudent.JaneThat'soneoftheIvyLeagueschools,isn'tit?AndyYes,it'sallsetinNewEngland,lovelyoldbuildings,beautifulautumncolours.It'slovelytolookat.Anyway,NashmeetshisroommateCharles,aliteraturestudent,whosoonbecomeshisbestfriend.NashadmitstoCharlesthatheisbetterwithnumbersthanpeople,andthemainthinghe'slookingforisatrulyoriginalideaforhisthesispaper.JaneSohe'snotinterestedinhavingfun?AndyWell,yes,buthe'snotverygoodwithpeopleorsuccessfulwithwomen,that'sall.But,youknow,it'soneofthesebadexperienceswithpeoplewhichultimatelyinspireshisbrilliantworkinmathematics.JaneNogoodatrelationships,sohebecomesageniusatmaths?AndyThat'saboutright,yes.SowhenhefinisheshisstudiesatPrinceton,heacceptsajobatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Fiveyearslater,hemeetsAlicia,astudentwhohefallsinlovewithandeventuallymarries.JaneAh!Atlast,theloveinterest!AndyYes,butwaitamoment.Nashbelievesthathe'sbeenaskedtoworkbyWilliamParcherfortheUSDepartmentofDefenseonbreakingSovietcodes.Atonepointhe'schasedbytheRussians,andit'safterthisthathebecomesmentallyill.JaneIthinkI'veseenthisinthetrailertothefilm.AndySowhenhe'sputinapsychiatrichospital,hethinkstheSovietshavecapturedhim.He'sgiventhispainfultreatmentwhichaffectshisrelationshipwithhiswife.Andhisintellectualskills.Sohestopstakingthemedicine.JaneItsoundsquitehardtowatch.AndyWell,itis,butit'swellactedanddirected,andso,youknow,there'sa-bitofdistancebetweentheaudienceandwhat'shappeningonfilm.JaneSowhathappensnext?AndyWell,thenhisillnessreturns,soheandhiswifedecidetotryandlivewithit.Itallgetsabitcomplicated,becausewe'renolongersureifCharles,youknow,hisoldfriend,orevenParcherwerereal,oriftheywerejustpeoplethatexistedonlyinNash'smind.JaneThatsoundsawful.Hemusthavebeensoill,AndyActually,I'mkindofgivingawaythetwistinthestory.Anyway,laterinhislife,whilehe'susingthelibraryatPrincetonagain,heaskshisrivalMartinHansenifhecanstartteachingagain.AndsothestoryendswhenhegoesontowintheNobelPrizeinEconomics.JaneWell,itsoundslikeagreatfilm.AndyYes,youshouldseeitsometime.Unit3LearningtothinkListeninginPassage1InterviewerWithustodayisMartinDownes,acarpenter,who's51.Ayearago,Martinhadastroke.Buthe'sbeenluckyenoughtomakeafullrecoveryfromit.Canyoutellushowitallbegan,Martin?MartinI'mveryhappyto-notthatIremembermuchatall.Iwasatacustomer'shouse,buildingacupboard,andthenextthingIknew,Iwokeupinhospitalwithpeopleinwhitecoatsbendingoverme.InterviewerItmusthavebeenveryfrightening.MartinItwas.ButwhatwasreallyfrighteningwasthatIcouldn'tspeak.Icouldn'tsayaword.AndIcouldn'tunderstandmuchthatpeoplesaidtome.InterviewerHowawful!MartinYeah!Idon'tknowwhatwouldhavehappenedtomeifIhadn'thadmyfamily.Buttheywerethereforme,theyreallywere.Ihadsomethingcalledaphasia,wherethepartofyourbraingetsdamagedthataffectsyourspeechandlanguage.Buttheystartedtreatmentfortheconditionalmostimmediately.Thisspeechandlanguagetherapistcametoseemeeverydayfor12weeks.Theymademedoalltheseexercises.InterviewerWhatkindofexercises?MartinIhadtomatchwordsandpicturesandsaytheirnames.Yousee,I'dalsoforgottenthenamesofalotofthings.ShehadthisthingcalledawordboardandIcouldpointtowordsandphrasesonitthatIwantedtosay.Ihadtorepeatwordsupto20times-boy,itwashard,sohard.InterviewerCouldyousayanythingtobeginwith?MartinIcouldsaythreewords."Hi","Yes"and"No".Thatwasall.AndtherewerealotofwordsIcouldn'tunderstand-1hadtolearntheirmeaningsalloveragain.InterviewerItmusthavebeenveryfrustrating.MartinItwas,butIwasdeterminedtogetbetter.Iwasinhospitalforthreeandahalfmonths.WhenIgothomeIgotaspecialcomputerprogrammethatIworkedwitheveryday.Andslowlymylanguagecamebacktome.Itwasastruggle,abigstruggle.Ihadtolearntoreadandwriteagaintoo.InterviewerWhydoyouthinkthatyouwereabletorecovercompletely?It'snotthatcommon,isit?MartinIwaslucky.Iwasgiventherightdrugattherighttime.AndIhad12weeksoftherapy,fivedaysaweek.That'sveryimportant,apparently.InterviewerAndnowthatyou'rebetterhowdoyoufeelaboutyourlife?MartinWhatcanIsay?I'mjustgratefultohavemylifeback.Passage2InterviewerIn1907anItalianeducatorcalledMariaMontessoriopenedaschoolinRomethattaughtyoungchildrenusingmethodsthatwereverydifferentfromtraditionalteaching.Today,theMontessorimethod,asit'sknown,isusedinnurseryschoolsincountriessuchasAmerica,Canada,BritainandGermany.RecentresearchshowsthatchildreneducatedataMontessorinurserydobetterlateronatschoolthanotherchildreninallsubjects.WeaskedtwoMontessoriteachers,ClaudiaRosellaandSarahHarrington,toexplainwhatmakestheirnurseryschooldifferent.Sarah...SarahIthinkthefirstthingtosayisthataMontessoriclassroomisveryquiet,veryclean.Everythingstaysinthesameplace.Sothechildrenarecalmandquietasaresult.InterviewerSothey'renotencouragedtobenoisy.SarahNo,definitelynot...InterviewerClaudia?ClaudiaYes,theclassroom'sveryimportant.Anotherimportantprincipleisthatchildrendirecttheirownlearning.Theychoosewhattheywanttodo.InterviewerSotheteacherdoesn'ttellthechildwhattodo?SarahNotatall.Whileachildisdoinganactivityweobservethem.Thenweworkwiththechildforashorttimeandthenleavethemtoworkontheirown.InterviewerThatsoundsexcellent.Andwhataboutyourequipment?It'softenmadeofwood,isn'tit?SarahYes,andapieceofequipmentisoftendesignedforoneactivityonly.ClaudiaRight.It'ssothatthechildcanseeifthey'regettingsomethingrightorwrong.InterviewerSotheydon'tneedtheteachersomuch"?SarahThat'sright.AnotherMontessoriprincipleistheimportanceofphysicalactivity.Childrenlearnbydoing,sowhenthey'relearningtoread,forexample,thelettersaremadeofsandpapersothatchildrencanfeeltheshapeoftheletter.InterviewerDoyouthinktherearedisadvantageswithMontessorimethods?ClaudiaYes,thereare.MariaMontessorididn'tunderstandhowimportantitisforchildrentousetheirimagination.Ifshewasalivetoday,shewouldrecognizethat.Butstill,thefactis,hermethodsareverysuccessful.Unit4PersontopersonListeninginPassage1JohnAreyoupacked?MikeYup.Everything'sthere.JohnSureyou'vepackedyourmobile?MikeI'lllookagain,John...yes.JohnWell,we'vegotanothertenminutesbeforeweneedtoleave,sowemightaswellrelax.YouknowsomeonetoldmeanamazingstoryyesterdayabouttheseAustralianswhogotcompletelylostinsomenationalpark.MikeAnddon'ttellme,theyusedtheirmobiletogethelp?JohnThat'sright!MikeSowhathappened?JohnWell,itwasthisguywithhissonandniece-Ithinkshewasabout14-andtheywerehikinginthisreallyruggedcountryandtheygotcompletelylost-noideawheretheywereatall.MikeThat'snotgoingtohappentous.JohnNo,itisn't.Anyway,theguyhadhismobileandhephonedtheemergencyservicesitwasn'tdarkyet-andtheysentoutasearchparty,buttheycouldn'tfindthem.Andthen-thisistheinterestingbit-theguysentphotosoftheplacewheretheywere.MikeI'dhavethoughtofthat.JohnYes,wellit'sprettyobvious,really.Andinthephotosthereweremountainsinthebackground,andthestaffattheemergencyservicecentrewereabletoidentifyexactlywhichmountainstheywere.Andtheyusedthephotostopinpointtheirlocation,youknow,togettheexactlocation.MikeHowdidtheydothat?JohnTheyusedmappingsoftware.MikeRight.JohnAnyway,bythenithadgotdarkandreallyfreezing.Sotheysleptbehindthisridgeandcoveredthemselveswithleaves.Andyouknowwhattheyounggirlsaidafterwards?Shesaid,"Itwasquitefun."MikeReally,wasn'tshefrightened?JohnIdon'tthinkso.MikeSo-isthereahappyending?JohnYes,welltheysentouthelicoptersassoonasitwasdaylightandthehelicopterhoveredoverthearea,andthemankepttalkingtothemtilltheywereabletopinpointhislocation.Andwhentheyfinallyfoundthemtheywereonly400metresawayfromwherethey'dexpectedthemtobe.MikeAmazing!JohnAndthat'sbecausethey'dmoved400metresawayfromwherethey'dtakentheirphotosbecausethegroundwastooroughtosleepon.MikeIncredible!JohnAndthemoralofthestoryis-MikeAlwaystakeyourmobilephonewithyouwhenyougohiking.JohnAndtakeonethathasacamera.MikeHey,Ithinkweshouldgo,John.JohnYes,OK.Youthinkwe'regoingtogetlost?MikeNochance,mate!Passage2Socialnetworking-it'sthe21stcenturywayofhavingfun-online.Andifyou'reunder40,youprobablyuseasocialnetworkingsite-maybewhenyoushouldbeworking.It'swell-knownthat-.officeworkersspenduptotwohoursadayonasite,exchangingmessagesandphotos.Anddostudentseverdoanythingelse?Differentsocialnetworkingsitesareusedbydifferentagegroups.Forpeopleintheir20s,themostpopularsiteisFacebook,theonlinephenomenonstartedbyanAmericanstudentin2004.It'stakenonlyfouryearstomakeFacebookahugesuccess-andthewebsite'smadeitsfounder,MarkZuckerberg,averyrichmanindeed.What'sextraordinaryaboutZuckerburgisthathestartedFacebookwhenhewasonly18.HewasastudentatHarvard,oneofAmerica'stopuniversities,whenhelaunchedtheFacebookwebsite,workingfromhiscollegeroom.Inonlytwoweeks,morethantwo-thirdsofhiscollegehadsignedupandinayear,thousandsofcollegeswereusingit.Today,Facebookhasmillionsofusers.Morethanhalfofthemvisitthesiteatleastonceaday.SowhatmakesFacebooksospecial?Likeothernetworkingsites,youcreateaprofilewithphotos,youlistyourinterests,youexchangemessagesandjoingroupsoffriends.ButwhereFacebookisdifferentisthatitgivesyouaprivacythatyoujustdon'tgetonothersites.Unlikeothersites,youhavealotofcontroloverwhatuserscanseeaboutyou.Asaresult,one-thirdofFacebookusersgiveouttheirmobilenumbers-theyknowit'ssafetodoso.Butyoustillneedtobecarefulaboutwhatyouthinkissafetoshowpeople.OnereasonisthatmoreandmoreemployersareusingFacebooktocheckoutpotentialemployees.Isthepersonyou'vejustinterviewedasgoodasheseems?Facebookcanprovidetheanswer.Ifa26-year-oldmansaysonFacebookthathe'sbeentravellingroundtheworldforthelastthreeyears,andinhisinterviewhesaidhe'dbeenworkinginanoffice-well,heprobablywon'tgetthejob.Unit5AllyouneedisloveListeninginPassage1InterviewerSo-tellusabouthowyoufirstmet.AmyHowwefirstmet...Oh,itwasn'tveryromantic.DavidIthoughtitwasveryromantic.InterviewerWhydon'tyoubeginatthebeginning?AmyGoodidea.Well,Iwas22andI'djustleftuniandIwentonholidaytotheFrenchAlpswithagirlfriend.Andsomeoneinvitedustogoclimbing.ButmyfriendgotillsoIwentwithouther.Therewasthisgroupofabouteightguysandtwogirls.DavidTherewerefourgirls.AmyAlright!Well,anyway,noonehadtoldmethatthemountainweweregoingtoclimbwas-vertical-andthatwewereclimbingwithropes!Iwasterrified,absolutelyterrified,Ijustreallyhadn'texpectedit.DavidShewasterrified!Inoticedherimmediately.Shelookedsoscared-shewaswearingthisgreathatbutshewaswhiteasasheet.AmyOh,Idon'tknowaboutthat,butIrememberIwasshakingallover.Davidcameoverandstartedtalkingtomeandtellingmehowsafeitwaswiththeropes.Andhewassosweet,youknowIthinkIfellinlovewithhimrightthen.DavidYeah,itwasthesamewithme...WeropedupandImadesureIstayednexttoher...Ikepttalkingtoherandencouragingher.AmyItreallyhelped.IthinkIwouldhavefallenoffthemountainifyouhadn'tdonethat.DavidRubbish!Youwereperfectlysafe.Anyway,wegottothesummititwasakindofflatarea-andAmyjustcollapsed-shecouldn'tstandup!AmyIt'strue,Icouldn't.Ifelt-1wasjust-everyoneignoredmeexceptDavid-everyone.DavidQuiteafewpeoplecametotalktoyou.AmyTheydidn't!DavidTheydid!AmyWell,youtalkedtome,andthat'sallthatmattered.DavidThankyou!AmySo-DavidSoweclimbedbackdownthemountain.Amywhichwasjustasbad-Davidandweheadedforthenearestvillageandwebothhadhugepizzas.AmyIdidn'teatathing!Iwasstillfeelingtoosick.DavidYoudid,youknow.AmyYouknow,youhaveaterriblememorysometimes.DavidSodoyou!...Tocutalongstoryshort,wegotmarriedsixmonthslaterandwentonathree-weekhoneymoontoBarbados.AmyTwoweeks!DavidAndwe'velivedhappilyeverafter.Passage2PresenterAndnowlet'smoveontoonlinedating,awayofmeetingapotentialpartnerthat'sbecomingmoreandmorepopular.JamesO'HanlanandClaireGoodallaretwoonlinedatingexpertswhoaregoingtogiveallyoulistenersadviceabouthowtouseonlinedatingsafelyandsuccessfully.James...JamesOK.Thefirstthingtosayis,don'tbenervous.Alotofpeopleareandit'sveryunderstandable.Butthere'snoneedtobe,providedyoufollowtherules,whichwe'regoingtotellyourightnow.Isn'tthatright,Claire?ClaireAbsolutely.JamesSo,let'sbeginatthebeginning.Whenyoujoinanonlinedatingsite,thefirstthingyoudoisgivesomebasicinformationaboutyourself.Now,don'tbetemptedtolie-aboutyourage,forexample.Ifyouwantagoodrelationship,youneedtobehonest.Ifyou'renot,you'llgetfoundoutandthatcouldbepainful.ClaireAnotherthing-it'sagoodideatouseaphoto,you'llgetmanymorerepliesthanifyoudon't.JamesButusearecentphoto,notonethatwastakentenyearsago!ClaireLet'smoveontothenextstage.You'vehadsomeresponses響應andchosenoneortwopeopleyou'dliketochatwith.Now,themostimportantadvicehereis,don'tgiveoutanypersonalinformationuntilyou're100percentsureyou'rethathappytodoso.Thatincludesyourrealname,yourphonenumbers,yourworkplaceaddressandyouremailaddress.Usetheemailfacility設備atthewebsiteandonlygiveoutyouremailaddresswhenyoufeelcompletelysafe.JamesAndemailforaslongasyouwant,it'sagreatwayofgettingtoknowaperson.Then,thenextstageistotalkonthephone.Nowthat'sveryrevealing,becauseyou'llheartheperson'svoice,andalsobecausepeoplehavetobespontaneousonthephone-theycan'tthinkaboutwhatthey'regoingtosayforhalfaday,unlikeemails.ClaireThen,ifyou'refeelingreallycomfortable,agreetomeet.Butalwayschooseapublicplace.Don'tgotosomeone'shome.JamesAcafeorbaristhebestchoice.ClaireAnddon'tforgettotellafriendwhereyou'regoingandwhattimeyouexpecttobeback.That'simportant.JamesAnothergoodideaistoaskthesamefriendtocallyouduringthemeetingsothatifyouwanttoleavequicklyyoucansaythatsomethingurgent'scomeupandyouhavetogo.ClaireThat'severything!Ifyoufollowthisadviceyoushouldbeperfectlysafe.Andyoumayfindtheman-James...orwomanClaire...ofyourdreams!James&ClaireHappyhunting!Unit6Shopfillyoudrop!ListeninginPassage1Speaker1InterviewerSo,howareyouenjoyingyourselfinStPetersburg?What'sitlike?Speaker1Oh,Ithinkitisaverybeautifulplace.InterviewerWhatsortof...Isitgoodforshopping?WhatdoyoubuyinStPetersburg?Speaker1Yes,therearethingsyoushouldbuy.Ofcourse,vodkaisverygoodhereandtheotherthingveryexpensiveisthecaviar.Itisbeautiful.Thentherearethedolls.Whathavedotheysay?Matrioshkadolls.InterviewerMatrioshkadolls.Thosewoodendollsthatgoinsideeachother?Speaker1Yes,youtakeoneoutandopenthetopandthereisanotherone.Youtakeoffthetopandthereisanother.Theygetveryverysmallinside.Verysmall.InterviewerOK.Speaker1Andofcourse,thechess.Becausetheyareveryfamoushereinthispartoftheworldtoplaythechess.InterviewerYes.Andwhatsortofshopsarethere?Where'sitbesttoshop?Speaker1Oh,herethereareverygooddepartmentstores,whereyoucanbuyeverythingthatyoulike,clothesandeverything.Andalso,lotsofsmallkiosksthatareveryunique獨一無二的，ownedbydifferentshopkeepers,youknow.AndtheyarealloverStPetersburg.Littlekiosksandalsomarketsthatareverygood.Andthereisaverygoodmuseumshopatthemuseum-attheHermitageMuseum.InterviewerAndwhataretheopeninghours?Speaker1Atthemuseum?InterviewerWell,allshops,generally.Whataretheopeninghours...forshopping?Speaker1Yes.Usually,theyopenataround10o'clockinthemorningandIthinktheyareopento7o'clockatnight;sometimesevenlonger,to8o'clock.InterviewerAndhowdoyou,howdoyouactuallybuythings?Howdoyoupayforthings?Ithink,thereisaslightlydifferentwayofdoingthisinRussia.Speaker1Yes,youpointtothethingthatyouwanttobuy,whichisusuallybehindthecounterorsomethinglikethat;andthenyougotoacashdesktopay.Andthenyouhavetogobacktothecounterandthenyoutakethethingyouhavebought.InterviewerItsoundsasthoughit'squitealongprocess.Speaker1Itisveryinteresting.Speaker2InterviewerSo,howareyouenjoyingitinCairo?What's,what'stheshoppinglike?Speaker2Oh,it'sfantastic.Andtheshoppingisabsolutelygreat.Um,youcangeteverythingfromfantasticlittlewoodenboxes.Youcangetbackgammonboards.Youcangetallkindsofleatherstuff-sandalsandsoon.Oh,andthethingthatthey'rereallyfamousforhereofcourse,isthewaterpipesthattheycallitasheesha.InterviewerAsheesha.OK.That'sthewaterpipe.Speaker2That'sright,yes.Yes,theylikethesmokinghere.InterviewerAndwherearethebestplacestoshop?Speaker2Well,Ithinkthebestplaceactuallyhereistogo,ifyougotothemediaevalmarket.It'sacommercialcentreinthemiddleofCairoand-er-theyselllotsoffantasticsouvenirsthere.Youcangetspices,er,youcangetgoldandsilver,andcopperstuff,and-er-theyalsosellyourfruitandveg.InterviewerUh-huh.Whendoesitopen?Whenaretheshopsopen?Speaker2Well,thehoursareverygood.Theyopenveryearlyinthemorning.Theystayopentillabout10o'clockatnight.Youdohavetoremember,ofcourse,thattheytakeaverylonglunchbreak.So,theyareclosedforthislongtimeintheafternoonbutthey,youknow,re-openandstayopenuntillate.Oh,andtheotherthingyouhavetorememberisthatthey-everythingisclosedonaFriday.InterviewerRight,andhowdoyoupayforthings?Doyouhavetobargainfor,forgoods?Speaker2Well,bargainingisabsolutelyasporthere.Uh,they,theydoprefercashalways.Ithinksomeofthetouristshopswilltakecreditcardsbutonlyinthetouristshops.Whenyoustartthe,thebargaining,you'vegottobe,well,firstofall,you'vegottobedefiniteandseriousaboutwhatyou'rebuying.Butdon'tofferanythinglikethepricethatthey'reasking,theoriginalprice.Youknow,goinatabouthalfthepriceofwhatthey'reaskingyou.InterviewerThat'sfascinating迷人的.Thanksverymuch.Thankyou.Speaker2That'sagreatplace.Speaker3InterviewerSo,how'syourvisittoVenice?Isitgood?Speaker3Oh,amazing.Whataplace.It'ssounique!InterviewerHaveyoudoneanyshopping?Isitagoodplacetoshopping?Speaker3Yes,definitely.They're-youmustgoandseetheglassfactoriesonMurano.They'rejustsomethingelse.Quiteexpensivebutyoucangetlittlebitsofglass,reallynice.Sheetsofpaperarereallynice.InterviewerYeah.Speaker3Also,laceisjust...exquisitelace.InterviewerYes.Speaker3Carnivalmasks,also.Allhand-painted.InterviewerYes,Carnival,yes.I'veseenthis.Speaker3Then,theshopsareamazing.InterviewerAndwhere'sthebestplacetoshopinVenice?Speaker3OK,well,themainshoppingstreetisastreetfromStMark'sSquaretotheAcademmiaBridge.That'sthemainbitButifyoulikefood,youhavetogotothemarketattheRialtoBridge.That'sjustgreatfood.There'snotthatmanydepartmentstores.InterviewerNo.Speaker3There'sjustnotroomforthemontheisland.InterviewerNo.Andwhattimedotheseshopsopenandclose?Whataretheopeninghours9Speaker3Oh,theyopeninthemorningatabout9or9.30.Andthentheycloseforlunch12.30or1.They'llreopenagain-inthewinter,3.30to7.30andinthesummerjustabitlater-4to&say.InterviewerRight.Andhowdoyoupay?Canyouusecreditcardsordoyouhavetousecash?Speaker3Well,youknow,justusecashforthesmalleritemsandtheyacceptcreditcardsmostplacesforthelargerones,butjustmakesureyougetareceipt.InterviewerYeah.Andaretheshopsopenallweekoristhereonedaywhenthey...?Speaker3Yeah,oh,actually,Monday,theyaretraditionallyclosed.InterviewerYeah,theyareclosed.Right.Thanks.Well.Soundsveryinteresting.Passage2Speaker1Haveyouevergonedowntothelocalsupermarketforsomemilkorbreadandcomeoutwithfarmorethanyouintended打算tobuy?Thenyou'vefallenforthetoptentrickstoseparateyoufromyourmoney.Herearethetoptentrickstomakeyoushop.Speaker2Numberten.Trolleyorbasket?Makeupyourmind.Speaker1Ifyouchooseabasket,there'llbesomeheavygoodsbytheentrancetomakeyouchooseatrolley.Ifyouchooseatrolley,there'sachanceyou'llwanttofillitup.Makeupyourmindwhatyouwanttobuybeforeyougointothestore.Speaker2Numbernine.Watchout,therearevegetablesabout.Speaker1Supermarketsoftenputvegetablesandfruitneartheentrance,sothatyoufillyourtrolleywithnatural,healthyproduceandfeelgood.Theproblemis,thenyoudon'tfeelsobadaboutfillingyourtrolleywithunhealthyandexpensiveitems.Speaker2Numbereight.Ifyoucan'tfindit,justask!Speaker1You'llnoticethatessentialitemslikebreadormilkareplacedalloverthestore,soyou'llspendmoretimelookingforthem.Soifyoucan'tfindsomething,askforhelp.Speaker2Numberseven.Takeashoppinglistandsticktoit!Speaker1Supermarketsoftenchangeshelvesaround,sothatyou'retemptedtobuynewproductswhileyou'relookingforthethingsonyourlist.It'seasiertoresisttemptationifyouonlyputinyourtrolleywhatyouplannedtobuy.Speaker2Numbersix.Bewareofthecheckout!Speaker1Supermarketsoftenplacesweetsandmagazinesatthecheckout,becausecustomerswhoareboredwithwaiting